Summary of the invention
In view of deficiency and the Future Development trend that prior art exists, the invention provides the improved control circuit for electric vehicle that a kind of power ratio control is large, the externally fed voltage range is wide, voltage transitions efficient is high.
The present invention for achieving the above object, the technical scheme of taking is: a kind of improved control circuit for electric vehicle, it is characterized in that: comprise main control circuit, auxiliary mu balanced circuit, the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit, power drive and protective circuit, described main control circuit is connected with auxiliary mu balanced circuit, the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit, power drive and protective circuit respectively, and described auxiliary mu balanced circuit is connected with the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit respectively;
In the described main control circuit, resistance R 15 and capacitor C 17 parallel connections, the in-phase input end 1 pin IN1+ difference connecting resistance R14 of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 1 and an end of resistance R 15, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 14, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 15, resistance R 18 and capacitor C 6 parallel connections, the inverting input 2 pin IN1-of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 1 are connecting resistance R16 respectively, one end of resistance R 18 and capacitor C 5, the end of the other end connecting resistance R17 of resistance R 16 and as speed-regulating signal input end Vsp, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 17, the other end of the phase control end 3 pin FB/Comp connecting resistance R18 of control chip U3, the other end of capacitor C 5 links to each other with the dead band level control end 4 pin D.T of control chip U3 and meets signal ground Gs, the oscillator electric capacity input end 5 pin Ct of control chip U3 meet signal ground Gs by capacitor C 8, the oscillator resistor input end 6 pin Rt of control chip U3 meet signal ground Gs by resistance R 20, diode D3 and capacitor C 9 parallel connections, the positive pole of diode D3 meets the internally 7 pin GND of control chip U3, the negative pole of diode D3 meets signal ground Gs, the collecting electrode 8 pin C1 of control chip U3 inside aerotron 1 link to each other with the collecting electrode 11 pin C2 of the inner aerotron 2 of control chip and chip power input end 12 pin and meet builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc, builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc meets signal ground Gs by capacitor C 7, the emitter 9 pin E1 of the inner aerotron 1 of control chip U3 link to each other with the emitter 10 pin E2 of the inner aerotron 2 of control chip U3, the output control terminal 13 pin O.C of control chip U3 meet signal ground Gs, resistance R 12, resistance R 34 and capacitor C 3 parallel connections, control chip U3 internal reference voltage end 14 pin Vref respectively connecting resistance R13 and capacitor C 4 an end and as reference voltage terminal Vr, the other end of resistance R 13 connects respectively the inverting input 15 pin IN2-of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 and an end of resistance R 12, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 12 and capacitor C 4;
In the described auxiliary mu balanced circuit, output end of pressure-stabilizing 1 pin of control chip U2 connects respectively an end of inductance L 1, the negative pole of diode D6 and capacitor C 18, output pump electric capacity coupling end 2 pin of control chip U2 connect the positive pole of capacitor C 18, Dead Time controlling resistance coupling end 3 pin of control chip U2 link to each other with ground terminal 4 pin of the positive pole of diode D6 and control chip U2 respectively by resistance R 33 and meet signal ground Gs, the feedback end 5 pin difference connecting resistance R31 of control chip U2 and an end of resistance R 32, the other end of resistance R 31 connects respectively the other end of inductance L 1, the positive pole of capacitor C 14, and as builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc, the negative pole of capacitor C 14 links to each other with the other end of connecting resistance R32 and meets signal ground Gs, output duty cycle time controlling resistance coupling end 6 pin of control chip U2 by resistance R 30 respectively with chip power input end 8 pin of control chip U2, externally fed voltage+Vin, the positive pole of capacitor C 15 links to each other, the negative pole of capacitor C 15 links to each other with the positive pole of capacitor C 16, reference voltage output end 7 pin of control chip U2 connect the positive pole of capacitor C 19, and the negative pole of the negative pole of capacitor C 19 and capacitor C 16 all meets signal ground Gs;
In the under-voltage initialization circuit of described level, the in-phase input end 5 pin difference connecting resistance R3 of amplifier U1B and an end of resistance R 5, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 5, mouth 7 pin of amplifier U1B are the end of connecting resistance R4 respectively, the other end of resistance R 3, the positive pole of another terminating diode D1 of resistance R 4, the negative pole of diode D1 meets the in-phase input end 16 pin IN2+ of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 in the main control circuit, inverting input 6 pin of amplifier U1B connect respectively the positive pole of capacitor C 1, adjustable side 2 ends of adjustable potentiometer W, the negative pole of capacitor C 1 meets signal ground Gs, upper fixed end 1 end of adjustable potentiometer W meets externally fed voltage+Vin by resistance R 1, and lower fixed end 3 ends of adjustable potentiometer W meet signal ground Gs by resistance R 2;
In the described brake control circuit, the in-phase input end 3 pin difference connecting resistance R6 of amplifier U1A and an end of resistance R 7, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 7, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 6, resistance R 11 and capacitor C 2 parallel connections, inverting input 2 pin of amplifier U1A are connecting resistance R9 respectively, one end of resistance R 10 and resistance R 11, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 10, another termination brake signal input end Brake of resistance R 9, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 11, mouth 1 pin of amplifier U1A connects the positive pole of diode D2 by resistance R 8, the negative pole of diode D2 meets the in-phase input end 16 pin IN2+ of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 in the main control circuit, power input 8 pin of amplifier U1A meet builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc, and ground terminal 4 pin of amplifier U1A meet signal ground Gs;
In described power drive and the protective circuit; the positive pole of capacitor C 11 meets respectively an end and the externally fed voltage+Vin of capacitor C 10; the negative pole of diode D5 and as the power supply output plus terminal M+ of motor load; the negative pole of capacitor C 11 connects the positive pole of capacitor C 12; the negative pole of capacitor C 12 links to each other with the other end of capacitor C 10 and meets Power Groud Gp; the positive pole of diode D5 meets respectively MOS aerotron T1; T2; the drain electrode of T3 and as the power supply of motor load output negative terminal M-; MOS aerotron T1; T2; difference connecting resistance R26 after the source electrode of T3 links to each other; resistance R 27; resistance R 28; resistance R 25; one end of resistance R 29; another termination Power Groud Gp of resistance R 29; the other end of resistance R 26 connects respectively the grid of MOS aerotron T1 and an end of resistance R 21; the other end of resistance R 27 connects respectively the grid of MOS aerotron T2 and an end of resistance R 22; the other end of resistance R 28 connects respectively the grid of MOS aerotron T3 and an end of resistance R 23; the emitter of aerotron T4 connects respectively negative pole and the resistance R 21 of diode D4; resistance R 22; the other end of resistance R 23; the positive pole of diode D4 connects respectively the base stage of aerotron T4; one end of resistance R 19; the emitter 9 pin E1 of the inner aerotron 1 of control chip U3 in the main control circuit; the collecting electrode of aerotron T4 links to each other with the other end of resistance R 19 and meets signal ground Gs; resistance R 24 and capacitor C 13 parallel connections; the other end of resistance R 25 is the end of connecting resistance R24 respectively; the in-phase input end 16 pin IN2+ of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 in the main control circuit, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 24.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: power ratio control is large and leave the power expansion space; Externally fed voltage high (maximum DC75V); Conversion efficiency between externally fed voltage and internal control circuit power supply is high; The under-voltage Set arbitrarily of level adapts to the multiple types level.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of improved control circuit for electric vehicle, comprise main control circuit, auxiliary mu balanced circuit, the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit, power drive and protective circuit, main control circuit is connected with auxiliary mu balanced circuit, the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit, power drive and protective circuit respectively, and auxiliary mu balanced circuit is connected with the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit respectively;
Resistance R 15 and capacitor C 17 parallel connections in the main control circuit, the in-phase input end 1 pin IN1+ difference connecting resistance R14 of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 1 and an end of resistance R 15, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 14, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 15, resistance R 18 and capacitor C 6 parallel connections, the inverting input 2 pin IN1-of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 1 are connecting resistance R16 respectively, one end of resistance R 18 and capacitor C 5, the end of the other end connecting resistance R17 of resistance R 16 and as speed-regulating signal input end Vsp, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 17, the other end of the phase control end 3 pin FB/Comp connecting resistance R18 of control chip U3, the other end of capacitor C 5 links to each other with the dead band level control end 4 pin D.T of control chip U3 and meets signal ground Gs, the oscillator electric capacity input end 5 pin Ct of control chip U3 meet signal ground Gs by capacitor C 8, the oscillator resistor input end 6 pin Rt of control chip U3 meet signal ground Gs by resistance R 20, diode D3 and capacitor C 9 parallel connections, the positive pole of diode D3 meets the internally 7 pin GND of control chip U3, the negative pole of diode D3 meets signal ground Gs, the collecting electrode 8 pin C1 of control chip U3 inside aerotron 1 link to each other with the collecting electrode 11 pin C2 of the inner aerotron 2 of control chip and chip power input end 12 pin and meet builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc, builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc meets signal ground Gs by capacitor C 7, the emitter 9 pin E1 of the inner aerotron 1 of control chip U3 link to each other with the emitter 10 pin E2 of the inner aerotron 2 of control chip U3, the output control terminal 13 pin O.C of control chip U3 meet signal ground Gs, resistance R 12, resistance R 34 and capacitor C 3 parallel connections, control chip U3 internal reference voltage end 14 pin Vref respectively connecting resistance R13 and capacitor C 4 an end and as reference voltage terminal Vr, the other end of resistance R 13 connects respectively the inverting input 15 pin IN2-of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 and an end of resistance R 12, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 12 and capacitor C 4;
Output end of pressure-stabilizing 1 pin of control chip U2 connects respectively an end of inductance L 1 in the auxiliary mu balanced circuit, the negative pole of diode D6 and capacitor C 18, output pump electric capacity coupling end 2 pin of control chip U2 connect the positive pole of capacitor C 18, Dead Time controlling resistance coupling end 3 pin of control chip U2 link to each other with ground terminal 4 pin of the positive pole of diode D6 and control chip U2 respectively by resistance R 33 and meet signal ground Gs, the feedback end 5 pin difference connecting resistance R31 of control chip U2 and an end of resistance R 32, the other end of resistance R 31 connects respectively the other end of inductance L 1, the positive pole of capacitor C 14, and as builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc, the negative pole of capacitor C 14 links to each other with the other end of connecting resistance R32 and meets signal ground Gs, output duty cycle time controlling resistance coupling end 6 pin of control chip U2 by resistance R 30 respectively with chip power input end 8 pin of control chip U2, externally fed voltage+Vin, the positive pole of capacitor C 15 links to each other, the negative pole of capacitor C 15 links to each other with the positive pole of capacitor C 16, reference voltage output end 7 pin of control chip U2 connect the positive pole of capacitor C 19, and the negative pole of the negative pole of capacitor C 19 and capacitor C 16 all meets signal ground Gs;
An end of in-phase input end 5 pin of amplifier U1B difference connecting resistance R3 and resistance R 5 in the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 5, mouth 7 pin of amplifier U1B are the end of connecting resistance R4 respectively, the other end of resistance R 3, the positive pole of another terminating diode D1 of resistance R 4, the negative pole of diode D1 meets the in-phase input end 16 pin IN2+ of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 in the main control circuit, inverting input 6 pin of amplifier U1B connect respectively the positive pole of capacitor C 1, adjustable side 2 ends of adjustable potentiometer W, the negative pole of capacitor C 1 meets signal ground Gs, upper fixed end 1 end of adjustable potentiometer W meets externally fed voltage+Vin by resistance R 1, and lower fixed end 3 ends of adjustable potentiometer W meet signal ground Gs by resistance R 2;
An end of in-phase input end 3 pin of amplifier U1A difference connecting resistance R6 and resistance R 7 in the brake control circuit, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 7, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 6, resistance R 11 and capacitor C 2 parallel connections, inverting input 2 pin of amplifier U1A are connecting resistance R9 respectively, one end of resistance R 10 and resistance R 11, another termination reference voltage terminal Vr of resistance R 10, another termination brake signal input end Brake of resistance R 9, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 11, mouth 1 pin of amplifier U1A connects the positive pole of diode D2 by resistance R 8, the negative pole of diode D2 meets the in-phase input end 16 pin IN2+ of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 in the main control circuit, power input 8 pin of amplifier U1A meet builtin voltage feeder ear Vcc, and ground terminal 4 pin of amplifier U1A meet signal ground Gs;
The positive pole of capacitor C 11 meets respectively an end and the externally fed voltage+Vin of capacitor C 10 in power drive and the protective circuit; the negative pole of diode D5 and as the power supply output plus terminal M+ of motor load; the negative pole of capacitor C 11 connects the positive pole of capacitor C 12; the negative pole of capacitor C 12 links to each other with the other end of capacitor C 10 and meets Power Groud Gp; the positive pole of diode D5 meets respectively MOS aerotron T1; T2; the drain electrode of T3 and as the power supply of motor load output negative terminal M-; MOS aerotron T1; T2; difference connecting resistance R26 after the source electrode of T3 links to each other; resistance R 27; resistance R 28; resistance R 25; one end of resistance R 29; another termination Power Groud Gp of resistance R 29; the other end of resistance R 26 connects respectively the grid of MOS aerotron T1 and an end of resistance R 21; the other end of resistance R 27 connects respectively the grid of MOS aerotron T2 and an end of resistance R 22; the other end of resistance R 28 connects respectively the grid of MOS aerotron T3 and an end of resistance R 23; the emitter of aerotron T4 connects respectively negative pole and the resistance R 21 of diode D4; resistance R 22; the other end of resistance R 23; the positive pole of diode D4 connects respectively the base stage of aerotron T4; one end of resistance R 19; the emitter 9 pin E1 of the inner aerotron 1 of control chip U3 in the main control circuit; the collecting electrode of aerotron T4 links to each other with the other end of resistance R 19 and meets signal ground Gs; resistance R 24 and capacitor C 13 parallel connections; the other end of resistance R 25 is the end of connecting resistance R24 respectively; the in-phase input end 16 pin IN2+ of control chip U3 internal error amplifier 2 in the main control circuit, another termination signal ground Gs of resistance R 24.
Have brush or brshless DC motor mostly to adopt the speed governing of PWM control method, the Master control chip U3 of this control circuit has the characteristics such as operating frequency range is wide, Dead Time is adjustable, the output power-handling capability is strong.This control chip cooperates with other control circuit, is used for finishing startup, operation, speed governing, the braking function of battery-driven car, and the defencive function such as overload, under-voltage, speed limit.
Be stable control, reduce fault rate and the vehicle repair rate of controller, reduce the phase mutual interference of each signal, control loop and loop of power circuit are independent of one another, take their own roads; Increase output driving circuit and partly walk cross-sectional area, reduce self watt loss; PCB adopts the multilayer layout, and reasonable line arrangement at utmost reduces oad; Select the components and parts of low noise, Low Drift Temperature, stability and good reliability.
Principle of work: Master control chip U3 adopts TL494 PWM-type integrated manipulator, its frequency of operation depends on outer timing resistor R20, the timing capacitor C8 that is connected on the oscillator, after their numerical value was fixing, the frequency of operation of TL494 output signal just immobilized.During work, can produce frequency in capacitor C 8 is the 1.1/R20*C8 sawtooth voltage.Outgoing level and the dead band control level of U3 internal error amplifier compare with sawtooth voltage respectively, obtain respectively the rectangular pulse of one fixed width, after inner respective handling, and inner two conducting or the cut-offs that drive aerotron of control U3.In this circuit, because the output control terminal 13 pin ground connection of U3 then form Single-end output.Simultaneously, for increasing output, with inner two in parallel uses of output driving aerotron of U3.
From signals such as under-voltage, the brake in the under-voltage initialization circuit of level, brake control circuit and the current foldback circuit, overcurrents, deliver to in-phase input end 16 pin of the internal error amplifier 2 of Master control chip U3, and then the output of control U3.
For obtaining larger horsepower output, output switch adopts three high-power MOS aerotron T1, T2 and T3 parallel way, simultaneously, for improving voltage conversioning rate, between the output of the public grid of MOS aerotron and Master control chip U3, increase the charge discharging resisting loop that is formed by aerotron T4 and resistance R 19 etc.
In addition, because externally fed voltage+Vin is higher, for raising the efficiency, reduce power consumption, this circuit adopts minitype high voltage step-down bias switch voltage stabilizer LM5007, obtains internal supply voltage Vcc.