CN102353695B - Method for measuring heat storage coefficient based on thermoelastic damping theory - Google Patents
Method for measuring heat storage coefficient based on thermoelastic damping theory Download PDFInfo
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- CN102353695B CN102353695B CN201110149198.6A CN201110149198A CN102353695B CN 102353695 B CN102353695 B CN 102353695B CN 201110149198 A CN201110149198 A CN 201110149198A CN 102353695 B CN102353695 B CN 102353695B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring a heat storage coefficient based on a thermoelastic damping theory, which comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a theoretical damping model; 2) establishing an experimental damping model by collecting test data; 3) optimizing the theoretical damping model in a step 1) and the experimental damping model in a step 2) to obtain the heat storage coefficient, so that only the changing relation of thermal flow and temperature on the surface is required for measuring, the thermal flow and temperature on the other surfaces are not required for measuring, the heat storage coefficient of certain surface of the material can be calculated without measuring the material density, thermal conductivity coefficient and specific heat capacity, so that the moisture content, penetrability and damage degree of the material can be easily obtained from the measured heat storage coefficient, the whole measuring process takes short time and easy procedure, the measuring method can be used in laboratory experiments and field detection of engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat storage coefficient assay method, particularly relate to a kind of heat storage coefficient assay method based on hot Damping Theory.
Background technology
Material heat storage coefficient definition and building thermal performance design in thermal characteristics index
1. material heat storage coefficient definition
(1) simple harmonic quantity heat effect
Cyclical heat effect simple, the most basic is as shown in Figure 1 simple harmonic quantity heat effect, and namely temperature is in time in sinusoidal or cosine function rule change.
In formula:
---
the medium temperature in moment, DEG C;
---the medial temperature of medium in one-period, DEG C;
---temperature wave amplitude, the i.e. maximum temperature of medium and the difference of medial temperature, DEG C;
t---temperature wave period, h;
τ---the computing time of starting at a certain appointment moment (zero point in the such as time round the clock), h;
j---the initial phase of temperature wave is (if true origin gets temperature maximum place, then
j=0), deg.
Act on the periodic fever of building enclosure, and be not all simple harmonic quantity heat.Available fourier progression expanding method method, by harmonic analysis, is transformed into periodic fever the combination of some rank harmonic quantity.
(2) heat compensator conducting property of the thick planomural of semiinfinite under simple harmonic quantity heat effect
The thick planomural of semiinfinite refers to that side limited by a plane, and opposite side extends to the wall body of unlimited distance.The feature of its heat transfer is: from medium planomural to wall, to the fluctuation of wall body internal temperature, the cycle
tidentical; Amplitude is decayed:
>
>
(
for planomural external agency temperature amplitude,
for wall surface temperature amplitude,
for wall body internal temperature amplitude); Phase delay:
<
<
(
for planomural external agency temperature phase,
for wall surface temperature phase place,
for wall body internal temperature phase place).
(3) material heat storage coefficient definition
Material heat storage coefficient
srefer to semiinfinite thick planomural wall heat flux fluctuation amplitude
with temperature fluctuation amplitude
ratio.
In formula:
s---the heat storage coefficient of material, W/ (m
2k);
λ---the coefficient of heat conductivity of material, W/ (mK);
c---the specific heat capacity of material, kJ/ (kgK);
ρ---the density of material, kg/m
3;
t---temperature fluctuation cycle, h.
Heat storage coefficient physical significance: the sensitivity of the thick planomural surface of semiinfinite to simple harmonic quantity heat effect, its numerical value is larger, and the fluctuation of wall body surface temperature is less.
When selecting the material of house building enclosure, the size by material heat storage coefficient regulates the amplitude of temperature fluctuation, makes building enclosure have good thermal property.
2. the thermal characteristics index in building thermal performance design
In " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB50176-93) (annex four building materials thermophysical property calculating parameter), heat storage coefficient
scalculating parameter is one day i.e. 24h calculating gained by the temperature fluctuation cycle, namely
s 24=0.27
[W/m
2.K] (because of
t=24 × 3600s,
cunit kJ/ (kgK)=1000 J/ (kgK), conversion after with
sunit is corresponding.)
Find out that the heat storage coefficient of material is not only relevant with harmonic period from above-mentioned formula, and be the complex parameter of several basic physical index of material.
The heat storage coefficient measuring material needs to measure density of material, particularly need to measure hot-fluid on the multiple surface of material and temperature to measure density of material, coefficient of heat conductivity and specific heat capacity, this makes method of testing complicated, and the test duration is longer, is unfavorable for that engineering site detects; Because the water percentage of material, permeance property, degree of injury change along with the change of material heat storage coefficient, therefore how the heat storage coefficient of Fast Measurement material has become the considerable problem of Experiment of Thermophysics and detection.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of test duration short, the simple heat storage coefficient method of testing of method.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on the heat storage coefficient assay method of hot Damping Theory, comprise the steps:
1) thermal resistance that theorizes Buddhist nun;
2) experiment hot damping is set up by collecting test data;
3) to theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun and the described step 2 of described step 1)) experiment hot damping be optimized and obtain heat storage coefficient.
The hot damper model of theory of wherein said step 1) is that of being extrapolated by the hot one dimensional heat transfer Equation Theory of Fourier heat conduction law, thermic vibrating screen and simple harmonic quantity is that represent with plural form with material heat storage coefficient with the mathematical model of the frequency dependence of simple harmonic quantity heat.
Described step 2) experiment hot damping be random thermal signal by giving test macro surface in frequency domain linearly discrete system relational expression represent, and in given frequency band, re-using that least square method calculates, to be theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun obtain about the sensitivity of a parameter, specimen thickness, theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun and the experiment hot damping two curvilinear trend consistance about frequency function described given frequency band.
Civilian Burger-the Ma Kuaertefa of row is adopted to be optimized in described step 3).
The above-mentioned device for collecting test data, comprise computing machine, data acquisition unit, controllable electric power, flat resistive heat plate, temperature and heat flux sensor and electric boiling plate, the signal that described controllable electric power is exported by described data acquisition unit by described computing machine controls, described temperature and heat flux sensor are arranged at the upper strata of described electric boiling plate and it uses metering area to be less than its total area, tested object meets one dimensional heat transfer mode near described temperature and heat flux sensor metering area place, described data acquisition unit gathers the signal of described temperature and heat flux sensor output and described signal is inputted described computing machine.
Apply the method that heat storage coefficient obtained above measures material moisture content, measured material sample is tested to the variation relation obtaining its water percentage and material heat storage coefficient, judge material moisture content by the heat storage coefficient of test block.
Apply the method that heat storage coefficient obtained above measures infiltration performance, measured material sample is tested to the variation relation obtaining its permeance property and material heat storage coefficient, judge infiltration performance by the heat storage coefficient of test block.
Apply the method that heat storage coefficient obtained above measures material damage degree, measured material sample is tested to the variation relation obtaining its degree of injury and material heat storage coefficient, judge material damage degree by the heat storage coefficient of test block.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the heat storage coefficient measuring certain surface of material with thermal resistance Buddhist nun, only need measure the variation relation of hot-fluid on this surface and temperature, without the need to measuring hot-fluid on other faces and temperature, the heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material is calculated without the need to measuring density of material, coefficient of heat conductivity and specific heat capacity, water percentage, permeance property, the degree of injury of material can be obtained again simply from the heat storage coefficient recorded, make the whole test duration short, test is simple, can be used for laboratory experiment, also can be used for the Site Detection of engineering.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that temperature is in time in sinusoidal or cosine function rule variation diagram;
Fig. 2 is the heat transfer moment planomural internal temperature of the thick planomural of semiinfinite under simple harmonic quantity heat effect
qand hot-fluid
famplitude change;
Fig. 3 is collecting test data set schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that heat storage coefficient measures process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram judging material moisture content;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram judging infiltration performance;
Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram judging material damage degree.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
One, thermal resistance Buddhist nun definition and the hot Damping Computational Model of theory
Thermal resistance Buddhist nun Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is based upon a special kind of skill on heat transfer and signal processing theory basis.
1. thermal resistance Buddhist nun definition
Measurand is regarded as a system, the thermal resistance Buddhist nun on system face
z (f)be on this face at frequency domain
finterior temperature
q (f)and hot-fluid
f (f)ratio:
(f)= (f)/
(f).
2. theoretical hot Damping Computational Model
As shown in Figure 2, in figure
qtake medial temperature as the relative temperature of benchmark,
ftake mean heat flux as the relative hot-fluid of benchmark.
According to the definition of heat storage coefficient, infinite thickness planomural wall heat storage coefficient is
In formula:
λ---the coefficient of heat conductivity of material, W/ (mK);
c---the specific heat capacity of material, J/ (kgK);
ρ---the density of material, kg/m
3;
t---the cycle of simple harmonic quantity heat during calculating heat storage coefficient, s.
From One-dimensional heat transfer basic theories, in homogeneous material, simple harmonic quantity heat effect, available complex representation.
Therefore the thermal resistance Buddhist nun of the thick planomural wall of semiinfinite and the relational expression of heat storage coefficient is had:
（a）
In formula:
t---the cycle of simple harmonic quantity heat during calculating heat storage coefficient, s;
f---encourage the frequency of certain rank harmonic quantity of simple harmonic quantity heat when corresponding to actual test when calculating thermal resistance Buddhist nun, Hz.
As pressed in " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB50176-93) (annex four building materials thermophysical property calculating parameter), then heat storage coefficient
scalculating parameter is one day by the temperature fluctuation cycle
t=8.64 10
4s calculates.
Above-mentioned thermal resistance Buddhist nun calculating formula only with
swith
frelevant.
Above formula describes as pressed in " code for thermal design of civil buildings " (GB50176-93) (annex four building materials thermophysical property calculating parameter), heat storage coefficient
scalculating parameter is one day by the temperature fluctuation cycle
t=8.64 10
4s calculates, then
Above formula only with
s 24 with
frelevant.
Certain moment
tin the thick planomural internal temperature change of semiinfinite:
In formula:
a---the thermal diffusivity (thermal diffusion coefficient) of material, m
2/ s.
---
tin surface (namely
x=0) phase place, rad;
In engineering practice, the overwhelming majority is that the single or multiple lift of limited thickness is formed.Approximation technique in architectural thermal engineering is when supposing harmonic temperature ripple by wall body material, temperature harmonic amplitude decays to original half, that is when the amplitude dough softening equals 2 in this material layer, then fluctuate only relevant with the thermophysical property of this layer material, the impact of this boundary condition can be ignored; If do not reach this requirement, the impact of this layer of boundary condition can not be ignored.According to this hypothesis, obvious mark is the thermal inertia of this material layer
d>=1.0.
When
, temperature harmonic amplitude decays at the bottom of original natural logarithm
ethe multiple of the inverse of=2.7.As an example, for one
a=7 10
-7m
2/ s concrete is i.e. 24h calculating in one day by the temperature fluctuation cycle, i.e. frequency
f=1/ (24 3600)=1.15 10
-5during Hz, concrete thickness
= 0.14 m = 14 cm
In this way thickness be 3 times with above-mentioned thickness and 42cm, so temperature harmonic amplitude decays to original 20 molecules 1.
In testing, for limiting the thickness of test material, the frequency improving test and excitation simple harmonic quantity heat can be taked
f, to make to decay to enough little from test surfaces temperature harmonic amplitude nearby, like this test block of limited thickness is regarded as the thick planomural of semiinfinite in simple harmonic quantity heat effect.
In sum, as long as improve the frequency of test and excitation simple harmonic quantity heat when testing
f, the test block of limited thickness can be regarded as the heat storage coefficient that the thick planomural of semiinfinite carrys out test material.
Two, experiment hot damping measures
1. the foundation of experiment hot damper model
Experiment hot damping is based upon on signal processing theory basis to be drawn by test signal collection and data processing.
The object of test can regard as a linear system, the temperature discrete signal recorded and hot-fluid discrete signal close and tie up in time domain by Fourier transform, Laplace transform or z transformation calculations, and the coefficient in optimal relation, draw the experiment hot damping in frequency domain.The experiment hot damping of test surfaces can be represented by the transport function of linear discrete system:
In formula:
t e for signal testing step-length, s.
uwith
vgenerally desirable about 15 or greater value.
When testing, giving a random thermal signal as given tested system surfaces, then in a certain frequency band, experiment hot damping can be calculated by least square method.
2. test data collection
As shown in Figure 3 as the proving installation schematic diagram of a possibility, with this, test process is described.
In figure, proving installation is made up of computing machine, data acquisition unit, controllable electric power, flat resistive heat plate, temperature sensor and sensor.Controllable electric power is controlled by output signal in collector by computing machine.
Whole test macro also comprises test block (as concrete material), the thermal insulation board (making the heat of heating plate flow to test block more) under flat resistive heat plate.
The metering area of heat flux sensor (heat flow meter) usually uses metering area to be less than the heat flow meter total area and measures range is arranged on the heat flow meter of heat flow meter center, makes test block central metering area place be the thick planomural one dimensional heat transfer of semiinfinite.For showing as one dimensional heat transfer better, at test block along arrangement thermal insulation board around test surfaces vertical direction.
In test will suitable excitation electric signal be selected to obtain suitable heating pumping signal type, amplitude and frequency.
Three, the heat storage coefficient based on hot Damping Theory calculates
In a certain frequency band, employing Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is carried out to the theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun obtained above and experiment hot damping and is optimized, the heat storage coefficient of test block can be obtained.As shown in Figure 4 when testing, the temperature that sensor records and hot-fluid are not necessarily just in time in test surfaces, and test surfaces is not necessarily more smooth, like this before being optimized, must to theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun Modifying model, as parameters such as the thermal capacity of heat flux sensor, temperature, thermal resistances between sensor and test block.
Frequency band can be chosen from following principle.Need consider the sensitivity of theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun about a parameter when choosing, specimen thickness, theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun and experiment hot damping are about the two curvilinear trend consistance etc. of frequency function.
Theoretical hot damper model can represent with following formula:
In formula:
for the parameter that thermal resistance Buddhist nun is correlated with, as heat storage coefficient.
Theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun is about a parameter
p i sensitivity can represent with following formula:
In formula:
zfor the mould of thermal resistance Buddhist nun complex function, except
p i outward, other parameter substitutes into the numerical value of the non-precision being roughly in similar mean values in its numerical range.
To a parameter
p i optimization when calculating, the frequency chosen should be theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun in the most Da I Member of the sensitivity of this parameter.But minimum frequency when what the lower limit of frequency should describe in above-mentioned " theoretical hot Damping Computational Model " can regard as the thick planomural of semiinfinite specimen thickness.The upper limit of frequency can by the frequency of the THICKNESS CALCULATION of 1/10th of specimen thickness.I.e. 100 times of lower limit of the desirable frequency of the upper limit of frequency.(the formula mentioned from above-mentioned " theoretical hot Damping Computational Model "
draw)
Heat storage coefficient is obtained by theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun and the experiment hot damping two curve comparison optimizations about frequency function, be should get rid of experiment hot damping curve trend not meet theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun curvilinear trend in contrast optimization, namely choosing of frequency should in consistent this section of the trend of two curves.(trend of curve refers to the trend on curve map, and such as in a certain frequency band, a curve is tilted upward, and another curve is to having a downwarp, then this band frequency is got rid of, and selects the frequency being greater than this band frequency or being less than this band frequency.）
For a thermal diffusivity
a7 10
-7m
2about/s, heat storage coefficient
s 24 at 17 W/ (m
2k) left and right, thickness is the concrete sample of 6cm, frequency range 10
-4hz<f<10
-2hz.
Four, based on the material moisture content determination method of thermal resistance Buddhist nun and heat storage coefficient variation relation
Thermal resistance Buddhist nun is utilized to measure the heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material as shown in Figure 5, only need measure the variation relation of hot-fluid on this surface and temperature, without the need to measuring hot-fluid on other faces and temperature, calculate the heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material without the need to measuring density of material, coefficient of heat conductivity and specific heat capacity, the test duration is short.Under material moisture content situation of change, the heat storage coefficient of material also changes thereupon.By measuring the heat storage coefficient change of test specimen, judge the change of the water percentage of test specimen.The method test is simple, and can be used for laboratory experiment, also can be used for the Site Detection of engineering, this assay method can adopt the qualitative test to material moisture content.As shown in Fig. 5 (a), test specimen heat storage coefficient is obtained by the above embodiments, then the test specimen heat storage coefficient that the former heat storage coefficient of test specimen and test obtain is compared the roughly judgement drawing material moisture content, if certainly want quantitative to obtain material moisture content, then need repetition above-mentioned steps as shown in Fig. 5 (b), the change curve obtaining material moisture content and corresponding heat storage coefficient as carry out contrasting with reference to curve, as long as the heat storage coefficient recording material just just can obtain the numerical value of material moisture content as shown in Fig. 5 (c) by inquiry reference curve in the future.
Five, based on the material permeability pipette method of thermal resistance Buddhist nun and heat storage coefficient variation relation
The heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material is measured as shown in Figure 6 with thermal resistance Buddhist nun, only need measure the variation relation of hot-fluid on this surface and temperature, without the need to measuring hot-fluid on other faces and temperature, calculate the heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material without the need to measuring density of material, coefficient of heat conductivity and specific heat capacity.At material by after water permeation, the heat storage coefficient of material also changes thereupon.By measuring the heat storage coefficient change of test block, judging the impermeability of test block or being subject to water permeation degree.When measuring, in the corresponding non-infiltration water surface measurement example that is subject to by water permeation face if concrete block one side is by water permeation, then test at another side.The method test is simple, and can be used for laboratory experiment, also can be used for the Site Detection of engineering, its concrete operation step is similar to material moisture content determination method.
Tested by different osmotic strength test specimen, and after a series of process, the heat storage coefficient in the different osmotic strength situation of material can be obtained.At material by after water permeation, the heat storage coefficient of material also changes thereupon.As concrete diminishes by water permeation after heat damping.By measuring the heat storage coefficient of test block, judging the impermeability of test block or being subject to water permeation degree.The method test is simple, can be used for laboratory experiment, also can be used for the Site Detection of engineering.
Six, based on the material damage level determinations method of thermal resistance Buddhist nun and heat storage coefficient variation relation
The heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material is measured as shown in Figure 7 with thermal resistance Buddhist nun, only need measure the variation relation of hot-fluid on this surface and temperature, without the need to measuring hot-fluid on other faces and temperature, calculate the heat storage coefficient on certain surface of material without the need to measuring density of material, coefficient of heat conductivity and specific heat capacity.Under material (as concrete) degree of impairment, the heat storage coefficient of material also changes thereupon.By measuring the heat storage coefficient change of test block, judge the degree of injury of test block.The method test is simple, can be used for laboratory experiment, also can be used for the Site Detection of engineering.In material damage situation, the heat storage coefficient of material also changes thereupon.As after concrete is subject to mechanical damage, inside concrete crack, hole increase, and the thermal resistance Buddhist nun of specimen surface increases.By measuring the heat storage coefficient of test block, judge the degree of injury of test block, its concrete operation step is similar to material moisture content determination method.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1., based on the heat storage coefficient assay method of hot Damping Theory, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) theorize hot damper model, and the hot damper model of described theory is that of being extrapolated by the hot one dimensional heat transfer Equation Theory of Fourier heat conduction law, thermic vibrating screen and simple harmonic quantity is that represent with plural form with material heat storage coefficient with the mathematical model of the frequency dependence of simple harmonic quantity heat;
2) experiment hot damping is set up by collecting test data, described experiment hot damping be random thermal signal by giving test macro surface in frequency domain linearly discrete system relational expression represent, and in given frequency band, re-using that least square method calculates, to be theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun obtain about the sensitivity of a parameter, specimen thickness, theoretical thermal resistance Buddhist nun and the experiment hot damping two curvilinear trend consistance about frequency function described given frequency band;
3) to the hot damper model of the theory of described step 1) and described step 2) experiment hot damping adopt the civilian Burger-Ma Kuaertefa of row to be optimized and to obtain heat storage coefficient.
2. application rights requires that 1 heat storage coefficient obtained measures the method for material moisture content, it is characterized in that: measured material sample is tested to the variation relation obtaining its water percentage and material heat storage coefficient, judges material moisture content by the heat storage coefficient of test block.
3. application rights requires that 1 heat storage coefficient obtained measures the method for infiltration performance, it is characterized in that: measured material sample is tested to the variation relation obtaining its permeance property and material heat storage coefficient, judge infiltration performance by the heat storage coefficient of test block.
4. application rights requires that 1 heat storage coefficient obtained measures the method for material damage degree, it is characterized in that: measured material sample is tested to the variation relation obtaining its degree of injury and material heat storage coefficient, judge material damage degree by the heat storage coefficient of test block.
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| CN201510148468.XA CN104792817B (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2011-06-03 | material heat storage coefficient measuring system |
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| CN111413364B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-10-04 | 上海理工大学 | In-situ nondestructive testing method and system for concrete heat storage coefficient in building wall |
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| CN101813651A (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-08-25 | 中国建筑科学研究院 | Method for testing heat storage performance of building material and tester |
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| 对建筑材料导热系数与蓄热系数修正问题的探讨;刘朝贤;《建筑科学》;20101031;第26卷(第10期);220-222 * |
| 平面热源法测量均质固体材料的蓄热系数;高光宁等;《计量学报》;20010430;第22卷(第2期);106-110 * |
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