Background technique
Along with motorcycle technology development, requiring of the travelling comfort that motorcycle is driven, Security is increasingly high.At present, most of motorcycles have all disposed forward and backward vibration damper, to reduce vibrations that Uneven road the causes influence to motorcycle and driver and passenger.The mode that the vibration damper of existing technology motorcycle mostly adopts spring to combine with hydraulic damping, the vibration energy in absorption and the consumption motorcycle driving process is to reduce the influence of vibrations to motorcycle and driver and passenger.The basic functional principle of motorcycle vibration absorber is: in the motorcycle driving process, if when running into protruding ground, motorcycle front-wheel compressing damping spring shrinks; After crossing protruding ground; Spring resets again, and is reciprocal according to this, the vibration energy that absorption and consumption Uneven road bring.Usually, damping spring has bigger compression strength, after damping spring is compressed, can not let it freely reset, otherwise, the resetting suddenly of damping spring with causing secondary vibrations.The effect of this decay spring vibration of vibration damper is commonly called damping, is called as damping force and slow down the strength that damping spring resets.For slowing down the reset speed of damping spring, be provided with damping mechanism in the front damper of motorcycle.Existing technology front damper of motorcycle damping mechanism generally includes component such as breeches pipe assembly, positioning pipe, one-way valve, throttle orifice, through hole and lower piston.When the compressed while of the damping spring of front damper of motorcycle, breeches pipe assembly drive lower piston and one-way valve are together with respect to the downward axial motion of positioning pipe.One-way valve opens, hydraulic oil flow to and are full of the hydraulic damping chamber.Said hydraulic damping chamber is the cavity of breeches pipe assembly bottom and positioning pipe composition.When damping spring resets; The breeches pipe assembly drives lower piston and one-way valve together with respect to the positioning pipe axial motion that makes progress; Closed check valve; Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic damping chamber can only reflux from throttle orifice, makes damping spring to reset immediately but resets gradually along with the backflow gradually of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic damping chamber.Need to prove that the back-flow velocity of said hydraulic oil is not meant the speed that hydraulic oil flows, and is meant that hydraulic oil flows back to the speed of oil cylinder from the hydraulic damping chamber.Obviously, the pore size of throttle orifice has determined the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil, and the size of throttle orifice is just to confirm during fabrication; The back-flow velocity that also is hydraulic oil is fixed; No matter damping spring receives great pressure, what have been compressed, the reset speed of damping spring is all fixed.And the jarring forces that motorcycle is run in the actual travel process is Protean, and the compressed degree of damping spring also has nothing in common with each other.In the compressed degree of damping spring hour, should let damping spring reset to recover the situation of smooth-ride as early as possible with fast speeds; When the compressed degree of damping spring is big, should let damping spring reset to avoid causing the secondary vibrations with slower speed.Obviously, the existing technology front damper of motorcycle can not satisfy above-mentioned requirements, and the damping force of vibration damper can not be regulated with the jarring forces that motorcycle receives automatically, and its damping effect is limited, directly has influence on travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven.
The jarring forces that can not receive with motorcycle for the damping force that solves front damper of motorcycle is problem such as adjusting automatically; A kind of throttle orifice that on positioning pipe, is not provided with has appearred; And adopt variable-diameter structure to form throttle orifice; Be that the positioning pipe external diameter diminishes until positioning pipe top from the oil through upper end gradually, make of the axial variation of the throttle orifice size of circle composition in positioning pipe cylindrical and the breeches pipe assembly lower piston along positioning pipe.Therefore, the size of throttle orifice is axially gradually changing along positioning pipe.When the compressed degree of damping spring bigger; When breeches pipe assembly drive lower piston moves to the lower position of positioning pipe; Throttle orifice by throttling groove and breeches pipe assembly lower piston are formed is less, and when damping spring resetted, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil was less in the hydraulic damping chamber; Also be that damping force is bigger, damping spring will reset slowly.Otherwise; Less when the compressed degree of damping spring, when the breeches pipe assembly will drive lower piston and move to positioning pipe top, the throttle orifice of being made up of throttling groove and breeches pipe assembly lower piston was bigger; When damping spring resets; The back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is less, and damping spring will reset faster.But, moving except that the influence that receives jarring forces of front damper of motorcycle piston, also directly related with motorcycle weight and load.Motorcycle weight and load are big more, and the compressed degree of damping spring is big more when being given a shock, and the damping force that receives when damping spring resets should be big more; Vice versa.Therefore, the maximum cross-section area of throttle orifice, the peak rate of flow of throttle orifice should change along with the difference of motorcycle weight and load to some extent in other words.On the other hand; The displacement distance of front damper of motorcycle piston is generally 0~105mm; When receiving different jarring forces, move to different positions, when moving to different positions with the security requirement piston suitable damping force can both be arranged, therefore for the travelling comfort that guarantees the motorcycle driving; Need make an experiment and study throttle orifice cross-section variation rate, with travelling comfort and the Security that guarantees that motorcycle is driven.
Summary of the invention
Be travelling comfort and the Security that guarantees that as far as possible motorcycle is driven; Accurately set the maximum cross-section area and the throttling groove cross-section variation rate that motorcycle becomes the throttling groove of damping front shock absorber automatically, the present invention proposes a kind of motorcycle and becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically.Motorcycle of the present invention becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically and comprises: the lower piston of end tube, breeches pipe assembly, damping spring, positioning pipe, one-way valve, oil through and breeches pipe assembly; Adopt variable-diameter structure to form throttle orifice; Be that the positioning pipe external diameter diminishes until positioning pipe top from the oil through upper end gradually; Make throttle orifice size axially the diminishing gradually from top to bottom that circle is formed in positioning pipe cylindrical and the breeches pipe assembly lower piston along positioning pipe; Wherein, adopt following mode to set throttle orifice the maximum cross-section area and throttle orifice cross-section variation rate:
When motorcycle weight and load are 230~280kg, the throttling groove the maximum cross-section area
For: 14.8~15.5mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1345~0.1409;
When motorcycle weight and load are 281~330kg, the throttling groove the maximum cross-section area
For: 14.5~15.2mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1318~0.1382;
When motorcycle weight and load are 331~380kg, the throttling groove the maximum cross-section area
For: 14.2~14.9mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1291~0.1355;
Said throttle orifice the maximum cross-section area
, in the formula, D
1Be positioning pipe maximum diameter, D
2Be the positioning pipe minimum diameter; Said throttle orifice cross-section variation rate is meant the value that unit length throttling groove cross-section area dwindles, and unit is mm
2/ mm.
The useful technique effect that motorcycle of the present invention becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically is accurately to set throttle orifice the maximum cross-section area and the throttle orifice cross-section variation rate that motorcycle becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically, farthest guarantees travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing 1 is the generalized section that motorcycle becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically, and accompanying drawing 2 is A-A sectional views of accompanying drawing 1, and promptly positioning pipe and breeches pipe assembly lower piston are formed the schematic representation of throttle orifice.Among the figure, the 1st, end tube, the 2nd, breeches pipe assembly, the 3rd, damping spring, the 4th, positioning pipe, the 5th, one-way valve, the 7th, oil through, the 8th, the lower piston of breeches pipe assembly, the 9th, the throttle orifice that positioning pipe and breeches pipe assembly lower piston are formed.Can know by figure; The jarring forces that can not receive with motorcycle for the damping force that solves front damper of motorcycle is problem such as adjusting automatically; A kind of throttle orifice that on positioning pipe 4, is not provided with has appearred; And adopt variable-diameter structure to form throttle orifice, promptly positioning pipe 4 external diameters diminish until positioning pipe top from the oil through upper end gradually, make the axial variation along positioning pipe of positioning pipe 4 cylindricals and breeches pipe assembly lower piston 8 interior round throttle orifice 9 sizes of forming.Therefore, the size of throttle orifice is axially gradually changing along positioning pipe.When the compressed degree of damping spring bigger; When breeches pipe assembly drive lower piston moves to the lower position of positioning pipe; Throttle orifice by throttling groove and breeches pipe assembly lower piston are formed is less, and when damping spring resetted, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil was less in the hydraulic damping chamber; Also be that damping force is bigger, damping spring will reset slowly.Otherwise; Less when the compressed degree of damping spring, when the breeches pipe assembly will drive lower piston and move to positioning pipe top, the throttle orifice of being made up of throttling groove and breeches pipe assembly lower piston was bigger; When damping spring resets; The back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is less, and damping spring will reset faster.But, moving except that the influence that receives jarring forces of front damper of motorcycle piston, also directly related with motorcycle weight and load.Motorcycle weight and load are big more, and the compressed degree of damping spring is big more when being given a shock, and the damping force that receives when damping spring resets should be big more; Vice versa.Therefore, the maximum cross-section area of throttle orifice, the peak rate of flow of throttle orifice should change along with the difference of motorcycle weight and load to some extent in other words.On the other hand; The displacement distance of front damper of motorcycle piston is generally 0~105mm; When receiving different jarring forces, move to different positions, when moving to different positions with the security requirement piston suitable damping force can both be arranged, therefore for the travelling comfort that guarantees the motorcycle driving; Need make an experiment and study throttle orifice cross-section variation rate, with travelling comfort and the Security that guarantees that motorcycle is driven.
Be travelling comfort and the Security that guarantees that as far as possible motorcycle is driven; Accurately set the maximum cross-section area and the throttling groove cross-section variation rate that motorcycle becomes the throttling groove of damping front shock absorber automatically, the present invention proposes a kind of motorcycle and becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically.Motorcycle of the present invention becomes damping front shock absorber damper automatically and comprises: the lower piston of end tube, breeches pipe assembly, damping spring, positioning pipe, one-way valve, oil through and breeches pipe assembly; Adopt variable-diameter structure to form throttle orifice; Be that the positioning pipe external diameter diminishes until positioning pipe top from the oil through upper end gradually; Make throttle orifice size axially the diminishing gradually from top to bottom that circle is formed in positioning pipe cylindrical and the breeches pipe assembly lower piston along positioning pipe; Wherein, adopt following mode to set throttle orifice the maximum cross-section area and throttle orifice cross-section variation rate:
When motorcycle weight and load are 230~280kg, the throttling groove the maximum cross-section area
For: 14.8~15.5mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1345~0.1409;
When motorcycle weight and load are 281~330kg, the throttling groove the maximum cross-section area
For: 14.5~15.2mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1318~0.1382;
When motorcycle weight and load are 331~380kg, the throttling groove the maximum cross-section area
For: 14.2~14.9mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1291~0.1355;
Said throttle orifice the maximum cross-section area
, in the formula, D
1Be positioning pipe maximum diameter, D
2Be the positioning pipe minimum diameter; Said throttle orifice cross-section variation rate is meant the value that unit length throttling groove cross-section area dwindles, and unit is mm
2/ mm.
Obviously, when motorcycle mainly is used for urban transportation tool, because the road surface is comparatively smooth in the city; The shaking force that motorcycle receives is less, and the amplitude of motorcycle is less, the desirable higher value of throttling groove the maximum cross-section area; And the desirable smaller value of throttling groove cross-section variation rate at this moment, can guarantee that motorcycle has less answer resistance being given a shock rear damper; And the answer resistance is less with the size variation of amplitude, and damping spring will reset faster; Response in time guarantees travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven.When motorcycle mainly travelled on country road, because the country road uneven, the shaking force that motorcycle receives was bigger; The amplitude of motorcycle is bigger, the desirable smaller value of throttling groove the maximum cross-section area, and the desirable higher value of throttling groove cross-section variation rate; At this moment, can guarantee that motorcycle has bigger answer resistance being given a shock rear damper, and; It is bigger with the size variation of amplitude to reply resistance, and what damping spring will be slower resets, and guarantees travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven.
Specific embodiment 1
Certain model motorcycle deadweight is about 110kg, allows and take 2 people that at this moment, motorcycle and load weight are about 250kg, and mainly travel on municipal highway.Get throttling groove the maximum cross-section area 15.5mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1345mm
2/ mm.After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 30mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice was 11.465mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is less, and damping spring will comparatively fast reset; After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 60mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice was 7.430mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is less in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is bigger, and damping spring will reset more slowly; After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 90mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice was 3.395mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is littler in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is bigger, and damping spring will reset with slower speed.Need to prove; The throttling groove cross-section area (being the size of throttle orifice) that motorcycle of the present invention becomes the damping front shock absorber automatically is a continually varying; The back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil also is a continually varying in the hydraulic damping chamber; After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 90mm, the cross-section area of the throttle orifice of beginning was 3.395mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is less in the hydraulic damping chamber, and damping spring will reset with slower speed; After piston moves 30mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice will become 7.430mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil will increase in the hydraulic damping chamber, and damping spring will reset with fast speeds; After piston moves 30mm again, the cross-section area of throttle orifice will become 11.465mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil will be bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber, and damping spring will reset at faster speed.It is thus clear that motorcycle of the present invention becomes the damping front shock absorber automatically and has good damping performance, its damping power can change according to the shaking force that vibration damper receives continuously, has improved travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven greatly.
Specific embodiment 2
Certain model motorcycle deadweight is about 200kg, allows and take 2 people that at this moment, motorcycle and load weight are about 340kg, and mainly travel on country road.Get throttling groove the maximum cross-section area 14.2mm
2, throttling groove cross-section variation rate is 0.1355mm
2/ mm.After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 30mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice was 10.135mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is less, and damping spring will comparatively fast reset; After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 60mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice was 6.070mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is less in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is bigger, and damping spring will reset more slowly; After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 90mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice was 2.005mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is littler in the hydraulic damping chamber, also is that damping force is bigger, and damping spring will reset with slower speed.Need to prove; The throttling groove cross-section area (being the size of throttle orifice) that motorcycle of the present invention becomes the damping front shock absorber automatically is a continually varying; The back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil also is a continually varying in the hydraulic damping chamber; After motorcycle was given a shock the front shock absorber piston and moves 90mm, the cross-section area of the throttle orifice of beginning was 2.005mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil is less in the hydraulic damping chamber, and damping spring will reset with slower speed; After piston moves 30mm, the cross-section area of throttle orifice will become 6.070mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil will increase in the hydraulic damping chamber, and damping spring will reset with fast speeds; After piston moves 30mm again, the cross-section area of throttle orifice will become 10.135mm
2, the back-flow velocity of hydraulic oil will be bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber, and damping spring will reset at faster speed.
Specific embodiment 1 and specific embodiment 2 are compared and can find; The throttling groove cross-section variation rate of specific embodiment 2 is bigger, and therefore, the variance ratio of throttle orifice cross-section area is bigger; The variance ratio of hydraulic oil back-flow velocity is bigger in the hydraulic damping chamber; Taken into full account the big and big inertia that causes of motorcycle and load weight, and problem such as the country road vibrations are bigger, travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven guaranteed.
Motorcycle of the present invention becomes the throttle orifice the maximum cross-section area of damping front shock absorber damper automatically and confirms according to motorcycle weight and load; Motorcycle weight and load have been taken into full account when receiving different jarring forces, to the response force of the compression degree and the damping spring of damping spring.Throttle orifice cross-section variation rate is then taking into full account on motorcycle weight and the load basis; Can both there be suitable factors such as damping force to confirm when moving to diverse location in conjunction with the displacement distance of shock absorber piston and shock absorber piston; Therefore; Motorcycle of the present invention becomes the maximum cross-section area and the throttle orifice cross-section variation rate that damping front shock absorber damper can accurately be set the throttle orifice of automatic change damping front shock absorber automatically, has farthest guaranteed travelling comfort and Security that motorcycle is driven.