CN102345606A - GCr15 compressor blade subjected to surface modification and manufacture process thereof - Google Patents
GCr15 compressor blade subjected to surface modification and manufacture process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102345606A CN102345606A CN2011103179429A CN201110317942A CN102345606A CN 102345606 A CN102345606 A CN 102345606A CN 2011103179429 A CN2011103179429 A CN 2011103179429A CN 201110317942 A CN201110317942 A CN 201110317942A CN 102345606 A CN102345606 A CN 102345606A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GCr15 compressor blade subjected to surface modification and a manufacture process thereof. The GCr15 compressor blade is manufactured by depositing a Cr-Al-N coating on the surface of a tissue of a GCr15 bearing steel blade, which is subjected to normal integral thermal treatment, by using GCr15 bearing steel as a base material of the compression blade. The process comprises the steps of: cutting, spheroidizing, rough machining, semifinishing, thermal treatment (quenching and low-temperature tempering). Finishing, grinding, rolling and polishing, depositing of a Cr-Al-N film and checking. The blade is manufactured by the steps of carrying out normal thermal treatment on the GCr15 bearing steel with good working quality and then modifying the surface of the GCr15 bearing steel by adopting a PVD (Physical Vaporous Deposition) material, thus the cost of raw materials is greatly reduced, abrasive, fatigue and corrosion resisting capacities of the blade are further improved, and service life is greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compressor blade of refrigeration industry, relate in particular to a kind ofly, replace expensive high speed steel compressor blade to satisfy its working condition requirement through the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade and preparation process thereof.
Background technique
Along with the development and the global warming of refrigeration industry, the use of refrigeration air-conditioner, refrigerator is more and more general.Any refrigeration system all is made up of compressor, condenser, vaporizer three big nucleus modules.During refrigeration system work; Compressor is compressed into the high pressure saturated gas with refrigerant, this gaseous refrigerant process condenser condenses, and through after the throttling arrangement throttling; Be passed in the vaporizer coil; Become low-pressure steam behind media (like the air in the room) cooling heat transferring with required cooling and flow back into compressor, be compressed the machine compression again, process of refrigerastion has just been accomplished in circular flow so repeatedly.Heating also roughly is this principle, and just mode is opposite.
Refrigeration compressor kind and form are a lot, but according to two types of principle partial volume type and velocity profiles, wherein positive displacement is the most general.Rotor blade formula displacement type compressor has compact structure, moving element is few; Volume is little, and is in light weight; Exhaust gas pressure pulse is little, characteristics such as volumetric efficiency height.At present in the air condition compressor of small capacity, occupy leading position, and in central air-conditioner, be used widely.
Blade is as the important spare part of rotor blade formula compressor; It is divided into two the cylinder internal space; When compressor main shaft drove eccentric rotor and is close to cylinder inner wall and rotates a circle, blade rolled with eccentric rotor all the time and contact, and causes the interior crescent-shaped space volume generating period property variation of cylinder; Cause the variation on refrigerant vapor generation volume and the temperature, thereby accomplish the task of suction and compressed refrigerant.
To accomplish in order guaranteeing to rotate through in the journey that refrigeration agent sucks and the task of compression, and to reach the purpose of low noise and long lifetime, not only require between blade and rolling rotor at the compressor eccentric rotor; Cooperate between blade and cylinder chute closely; Also require the friction factor between these two pairs of friction pairs to reduce as far as possible, long-time normal operation, therefore; Except that very high to the blade processing required precision, it should have low friction factor and well wear-resistant, corrosion resistance.At present blade adopts senior alloy tool steel such as high speed steel to process usually.Because carbon content is high in the alloy tool steel, and contains alloying elements such as a large amount of W, Mo, Cr, V, whole processing manufacture flow processs such as smelting, cast, Plastic Forming and heat treatment process are very complicated, and its cost of raw material is high.With present the most widely used M2 (W6Mo5Cr4V2) high-speed steel blade is example, and domestic now M2 raw material market valency is 5 ~ 70,000 yuan/ton.After raw material enter factory, in order to improve the machinability of high-speed steel blade itself, need to adopt more complicated and annealing process strictness; After the high-speed steel blade roughing; Then must carry out 1200 ~ 1240 ℃ of hot quenchings; Impel carbide dissolving in the steel, with the content (hot quenching of blade is to influence the most responsive operation of its usability, also is the maximum technology of technique controlling difficulty) of alloying element and carbon in the raising austenite; Blade carries out temper three times subsequently again under the temperature (~ 560 ℃) that " secondary hardening post-curing " occur; Also will carry out surface carburization at last and handle, with intensity, the hardness on further raising high-speed steel blade surface, its processing technology is complicated, requires high.
Working condition according to compressor blade; Since fretting wear, fatigue damage are the main failure modes of blade; The present invention selects for use has good wear resistance and anti-contact fatigue property; The more cheap relatively GCr15 Bearing Steel of good processability, price is as base material; Adopt advanced process for modifying surface to give blade surface in its normal bulk heat treatment (quenching+low-temperature tempering) back with special composition, Organizational Structure and performance, thus not only economy but also improve leaf quality effectively and increase the service life.
Summary of the invention
High to the present compressor blade cost of raw material, problems such as processing technology complicacy the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Bearing Steel commonly used that adopts, and promptly GCr15 is as the base material of compressor blade, the compressor blade that makes through surface modification;
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation process of this compressor blade.
Goal of the invention of the present invention realizes through following technological scheme.
Adopt the base material of GCr15 Bearing Steel as compressor blade through the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade, on the tissue surface of the normal bulk heat treatment of GCr15 Bearing Steel blade, depositing a layer thickness again is the Cr-Al-N coating of 2 ~ 3 μ m.The chemical composition of said GCr15 Bearing Steel (wt%) is: C:0.95 ~ 1.05; Cr:1.40 ~ 1.65; Mn:0.25 ~ 0.45; Si:0.15 ~ 0.35.
Preparation process through the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade comprises the steps:
1), carry out spheroidizing annealing after the pitch cutting of GCr15 vanes and handle, annealing process is: annealing temperature is 680 ~ 720 ℃, annealing time is 2 ~ 3h, annealing back hardness is 207 ~ 229 HB;
Because the state of the art of GCr15 Bearing Steel supplied materials is different; Often have different internal microstructure, therefore, need carry out spheroidizing annealing before the blade cold working and handle; To obtain the granular pearlitic structrure; This can not only reduce raw-material hardness, is convenient to cutting, can also make tissue for final heat treatment (quenching+low-temperature tempering) and prepare.
2) after, the blade after spheroidizing annealing is handled carries out roughing and semi finishing; Heat-treat, the process of thermal treatment condition is again: quench tempering under 170 ~ 200 ℃ of low temperature immediately then down at 780 ~ 820 ℃ earlier; For having reduced remained austenite content; Improve the dimensional stability of blade, after quenching, increase by one cold treatment process in case of necessity: treatment temperature is-50 ~-78 ℃, and the time is 1h;
Bulk heat treatment (quenching+low-temperature tempering) is to guarantee that Bearing Steel blade matrix obtains the key of high hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength.Obtain superfine tempered martensite after the quenching of GCr15 Bearing Steel vanes, the tempering, be evenly distributed tiny granular carbide (5% ~ 10%) and a spot of retained austenite (5% ~ 10%), hardness is ~ 62HRC.Quenching must guard against overheated, tempering immediately after the quenching.
3), the blade after the heat treatment is carried out fine finishing, grinding, roll cast after; Deposition Cr-Al-N film: the blade after grinding cleans 10min respectively with deionized water, anhydrous alcohol and acetone ultrasound; The four target non-balance magnetically controlled sputter equipment UDP850/4 system vacuums of putting into Teer company after the oven dry are indoor; Wherein two is Cr (99.99%) target, and two is Al (99.99%) target.Earlier vacuum is evacuated to 3.0 * 10 before the plated film
-3Below the Pa, be sputter gas with Ar (99.999%), the negative bias that applies 550 V is carried out plasma clean 15 min to matrix, to obtain the matrix surface of cleaning, improves the adhesive strength of film-Ji; High-purity N
2(99.999%) is reaction gas, controls N with the OEM system
2Flow, the Ar flow is 30 sccm, keeping operating air pressure in the deposition process is 8.0 * 10
-2Pa applies the negative bias of 60 ~ 75V to matrix, and the Cr target current is 6 ~ 8A, and the Al target current is 8 ~ 10A, and sputtering time is 2 ~ 4h.
In the magnetron sputtering deposition process, through the linear process parameter that changes plated film lentamente, can make structure of plating layer by at the beginning Cr bottom and CrN transition layer gradually smooth transition to Cr-Al-N coating.The deposit thickness of Cr-Al-N film coating is about 2 ~ 3 μ m.
The present invention selects the base material of GCr15 Bearing Steel as compressor blade for use, because its alloying element amount of containing is than the much less of high speed steel, its prices of raw and semifnished materials are merely 1/3 ~ 1/4 of high speed steel price.GCr15 is because good processability; Be convenient to obtain stable and uniform tissue and high hardness; Good wear resistance and anti-contact fatigue property; Satisfied rustless property, suitable elasticity and toughness are arranged, thereby can be widely used in the axial workpieces such as bearing, precision measuring tool and leading screw that need high hardness, high abrasion.
Blade contacts with eccentric rotor all the time during according to compressor operating; There is rolling friction; In order further to improve the wear resistance of blade; Prolong its working life, the present invention adopts advanced material surface modifying technology---physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, on the tissue surface of the normal bulk heat treatment of GCr15 Bearing Steel blade, deposits the Cr-Al-N coating of about 2 ~ 3 μ m of one deck again.Cr-Al-N coating is the compound gap phase with NaCl profile heart cubic structure, and it is on the basis of CrN binary system film, to be added into the A1 alloying element to carry out doping vario-property.Here (Cr, Al) N occurs with nanocrystalline form, and AlN occurs with the amorphous state form, because thin crystalline substance and dispersion-strengthened action, its nano hardness is up to～25GPa, and has more high antioxygenic property.
Because the normal bulk heat treatment of GCr15 Bearing Steel blade (quenching+low-temperature tempering) back hardness can reach ~ 62HRC; Has quite high bearing capacity; Both given outermost wear-resisting Cr-Al-N coating with strong support; Reduced the hardness gradient at film/basic interface again, had rational hardness and stress gradient and distribute; And Cr-Al-N coating has so high hardness, and like this through the GCr15 of surface modification treatment Bearing Steel blade, its wear resistance is improved significantly, has also improved blade antifatigue, anti-corrosion capacity simultaneously, and prolong working life greatly.
Embodiment
How further specify the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment realizes; Present embodiment is being to implement under the prerequisite with technological scheme of the present invention; Provided detailed mode of execution and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1) carry out spheroidizing annealing after the pitch cutting of GCr15 Bearing Steel earlier, its technology is that annealing temperature is 710 ℃, and annealing time is 2h, and hardness is 211 HB;
2) carry out roughing → semi finishing → heat treatment (quenching+low-temperature tempering): after quenching under 790 ℃, tempering under 170 ℃ of low temperature, hardness is 64HRC;
3) fine finishing → grinding → roll cast → deposition Cr-Al-N film: with deionized water, anhydrous alcohol and acetone ultrasound the nitriding blade is cleaned 10min successively, the four target non-balance magnetically controlled sputter equipment UDP850/4 system vacuums of putting into Teer company after the oven dry are indoor.Earlier vacuum is evacuated to 3.0 * 10 before the plated film
-3Below the Pa, be sputter gas with Ar (99.999%), the negative bias that applies 550 V is carried out plasma clean 15 min to matrix; High-purity N
2(99.999%) is reaction gas, controls N with the OEM system
2Flow, the Ar flow is 30 sccm, keeping operating air pressure in the deposition process is 8.0 * 10
-2Pa.Matrix is applied the negative bias of 75 V, and the Cr target current is 8A, and the Al target current is 10A, and sputtering time is 4h.The rete friction factor that records is ~ 0.48, and hardness is 25.9GPa, and the ultimate load＞80N of film base, thicknesses of layers are 3 μ m.Last blade is tested, is packed.
Embodiment 2
1) carry out spheroidizing annealing after the pitch cutting of GCr15 Bearing Steel earlier, its technology is that annealing temperature is 680 ℃, and annealing time is 2.5h, and hardness is 221 HB;
2) carry out roughing → semi finishing → heat treatment (quenching+low-temperature tempering): after quenching under 780 ℃, 190 ℃ of low-temperature temperings, hardness is 62HRC;
3) fine finishing → grinding → roll cast → deposition Cr-Al-N film: with deionized water, anhydrous alcohol and acetone ultrasound the nitriding blade is cleaned 10min successively, the four target non-balance magnetically controlled sputter equipment UDP850/4 system vacuums of putting into Teer company after the oven dry are indoor.Earlier vacuum is evacuated to 3.0 * 10 before the plated film
-3Below the Pa, be sputter gas with Ar (99.999%), the negative bias that applies 550 V is carried out plasma clean 15 min to matrix; High-purity N
2(99.999%) is reaction gas, controls N with the OEM system
2Flow, the Ar flow is 30 sccm, keeping operating air pressure in the deposition process is 8.0 * 10
-2Pa.Matrix is applied the negative bias of 60 V, and the Cr target current is 6A, and the Al target current is 8A, and sputtering time is 3h.The rete friction factor that records is ~ 0.47, and hardness is 22.5GPa, and the ultimate load＞80N of film base, thicknesses of layers are 2 μ m.Last blade is tested, is packed.
Embodiment 3
1) carry out spheroidizing annealing after the pitch cutting of GCr15 Bearing Steel earlier, its technology is that annealing temperature is 690 ℃, and annealing time is 2h, and hardness is 215 HB;
2) carry out roughing → semi finishing → heat treatment (quenching+low-temperature tempering): after quenching under 790 ℃, tempering under 180 ℃ of low temperature, hardness is 63HRC;
3) fine finishing → grinding → roll cast → deposition Cr-Al-N film: with deionized water, anhydrous alcohol and acetone ultrasound the nitriding blade is respectively cleaned 10min successively, and it is indoor to put into four target non-balance magnetically controlled sputter equipment UDP850/4 system vacuums of Teer company after the oven dry.Earlier vacuum is evacuated to 3.0 * 10 before the plated film
-3Below the Pa, be sputter gas with Ar (99.999%), the negative bias that applies 550 V is carried out plasma clean 15 min to matrix; High-purity N
2(99.999%) is reaction gas, controls N with the OEM system
2Flow, the Ar flow is 30 sccm, keeping operating air pressure in the deposition process is 8.0 * 10
-2Pa.Matrix is applied the negative bias of 70 V, and the Cr target current is 7A, and the Al target current is 9A, and sputtering time is 3h.The rete friction factor that records is ~ 0.48, and hardness is 23.4GPa, and the ultimate load＞80N of film base, thicknesses of layers are 2.5 μ m.Last blade is tested, is packed.
Claims (4)
1. through the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade; It is characterized in that: blade adopts the base material of GCr15 Bearing Steel as compressor blade, and on the tissue surface of the normal bulk heat treatment of GCr15 Bearing Steel blade, depositing a layer thickness again is the Cr-Al-N coating of 2 ~ 3 μ m.
2. according to claim 1ly it is characterized in that through the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade the chemical composition of said GCr15 Bearing Steel is: C:0.95 ~ 1.05; Cr:1.40 ~ 1.65; Mn:0.25 ~ 0.45; Si:0.15 ~ 0.35, above-mentioned percentage is weight percentage.
3. through the preparation process of the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade, comprise the steps:
1), be to carry out spheroidizing annealing after the vanes pitch cutting of base material to handle with the GCr15 Bearing Steel, annealing process is: annealing temperature is 680 ~ 720 ℃, annealing time is 2 ~ 3h, annealing back hardness is 207 ~ 229 HB;
2) after, the blade after spheroidizing annealing is handled carries out roughing and semi finishing; Heat-treat again; The process of thermal treatment condition is: quench down at 780 ~ 820 ℃ earlier; Tempering under 170 ~ 200 ℃ of low temperature immediately then, after quenching, increase by one cold treatment process in case of necessity: treatment temperature is-50 ~-78 ℃, and the time is 1h;
3), the blade after the heat treatment is carried out fine finishing, grinding, roll cast after; Deposition Cr-Al-N film: the blade to after grinding cleans; It is indoor to put into four target non-balance magnetically controlled sputter equipment UDP850/4 system vacuums after the oven dry; Wherein two purity is 99.99% Cr target, and two purity is 99.99% Al target, and reaction gas is that purity is 99.999% N
2, earlier vacuum is evacuated to 3.0 * 10 before the plated film
-3Below the Pa, be that 99.999% Ar is a sputter gas with purity, the negative bias that applies 550 V is carried out plasma clean 15 min to matrix; Keeping operating air pressure in the deposition process is 8.0 * 10
-2Pa applies the negative bias of 60 ~ 75V to matrix, and the Cr target current is 6 ~ 8A, and the Al target current is 8 ~ 10A, and sputtering time is 2 ~ 4h, and the deposit thickness of Cr-Al-N film coating is 2 ~ 3 μ m.
4. the preparation process through the GCr15 of surface modification compressor blade according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: said 3) in the step blade being cleaned is to clean 10min respectively with deionized water, anhydrous alcohol and acetone ultrasound; Put into vacuum chamber after the oven dry; Use pure Ar gas before the plated film again, matrix is carried out plasma clean 15 min.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103233101A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司杭州分公司 | GCr15 bearing steel heat treatment method |
| CN103572174A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2014-02-12 | 宁波甬微集团有限公司 | Compressor slip sheet and preparation method thereof |
| CN107326157A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-11-07 | 江苏丰东热处理及表面改性工程技术研究有限公司 | A kind of vacuum heat surface modification technology |
| CN109266825A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-25 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel long-life double refinement heat treatment process |
| CN111546240A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 南京威孚金宁有限公司 | Process for improving cleanliness of sliding vane rotor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103233101A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司杭州分公司 | GCr15 bearing steel heat treatment method |
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| CN109266825A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-25 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel long-life double refinement heat treatment process |
| CN111546240A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-18 | 南京威孚金宁有限公司 | Process for improving cleanliness of sliding vane rotor |
| CN111546240B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-03-15 | 南京威孚金宁有限公司 | Process for improving cleanliness of sliding vane rotor |
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Application publication date: 20120208 |