CN102345493A - 调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法 - Google Patents

调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102345493A
CN102345493A CN2011102194934A CN201110219493A CN102345493A CN 102345493 A CN102345493 A CN 102345493A CN 2011102194934 A CN2011102194934 A CN 2011102194934A CN 201110219493 A CN201110219493 A CN 201110219493A CN 102345493 A CN102345493 A CN 102345493A
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Y·雅各布
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法,其包括:测量再处理部件下游的下游-λ值;评估预估的再处理部件下游的下游-λ值和发动机燃料的总质量流量;基于测得的下游-λ值和发动机燃料的总质量流量,计算λ-评估的极限函数;计算极限函数和预估的下游-λ值之间的差信号;在应用发动机燃料的总质量流量和测得的下游-λ值的情况下,通过把差信号转换成相应的还原剂偏差产生调节信号;借助调节信号调节再处理部件下游的还原剂浓度;借助不同的剩余调节信号调节氧气-存储器模块的氧气-质量流量、还原剂-存储器模块的还原剂-质量流量、NOx-存储器模块中的NOx-浓度和碳黑-氧化模块中的碳黑-废气质量流。

Description

调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法,本发明尤其涉及一种这样的基于氧传感器的方法。
背景技术
在再处理部件,如尾气处理器上游的一个位置中对废气气流中的λ(氧气)进行测量,这提供了一项用来监控燃烧过程并将其安排得更稳定。这样就可以监测喷入的发动机燃料的最小量及最大量,并使它们与质量流相匹配。
在废气循环的情况下,对输入气流中的剩余气体成份的评价可用类似的方式通过使用测得的废气λ值来进行估计。对于在废气再处理部件的上游测量λ的情况,可应用不同的调节算法,以便监控、调整及诊断再处理元件的催化活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,改善机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的调节方式。
根据本发明,此目的是利用权利要求1的特征得以实现的。在各从属权利要求中限定了本发明的其他有利改进方案。
根据本发明的第一方面,调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法包含以下步骤:
测量再处理部件下游的下游-λ值;
对预估的再处理部件下游的下游-λ值以及发动机燃料的总质量流量进行评估;
在测得的下游-λ值和发动机燃料的总质量流量的基础上,计算λ-评估的极限函数(Grenzfunktion);
计算极限函数与预估的下游-λ值之间的差信号(Differenzsignal);
在应用发动机燃料的总质量流量以及测量出的下游-λ值的情况下,通过把差信号转换成相应的还原剂偏差(Differenz vonReduktionsmitteln),来产生调节信号;
利用调节信号调节再处理部件下游的还原剂浓度;
利用剩余的调节信号调节氧气存储器模块的氧气质量流量;
利用剩余的调节信号调节还原剂存储器模块的还原剂-质量流量;
利用剩余的调节信号调节NOx存储器模块中的NOx-浓度;
利用剩余的调节信号调节碳黑-氧化模块中的碳黑-废气质量流;
本发明提出了一种算法,它以再处理部件下游的λ测量为基础,规定对还原剂(非燃烧的发动机燃料)和氧气浓度实施分级调节。然后应用调节信号来改善对各存储器模块中存储的还原剂、氧气、NOx的评估,并改善碳黑的燃烧率。最后,可以应用监测催化器元件效率的方法。此方法能够实施实时控制。通过分级传递(Kaskadierung),即指重复地传递调节信号的余数,该调节信号在一定程度上可被用于多个方面,这样就可对反应实施特别好的调节。
预估的下游温度可在时间上延迟和/或利用低通滤波器进行过滤。时间上的延迟可将到达下游传感器位置所用的时间考虑在内,而低通滤波器则可顾及传感器模块的时间常数。
极限函数可有最小极限和最大极限。利用这两个极限,可以简单且精确地使极限函数与各种情况相匹配。
如果预估的下游-λ值处于极限函数之外,则可计算出差信号,而如果预估的下游-λ值处于极限函数之内,则差信号可设为零。借助这个预先规定,可简化此方法,因为,只有在真有必要时才需计算差信号。
差信号可根据墙壁温度和/或差信号的大、小数值来修正。这样就能够使该方法具有更高的精度和稳定度。
用来调整氧气-质量流量的因子可作为上游-λ值、存储的氧气相对于总氧气-存储器能力的标准化质量(该标准化质量是基座的墙壁温度的函数)的函数来计算。对于小于1的λ值来说,此因子是起主导作用的成份。
长期调节率可用来修正总氧气-存储能力。对于墙壁温度的时间梯度较小的情况,此调节率可被激活。因此,总存储能力可得到修正,然后用作监测和诊断存储器状态的标准,所述存储器状态允许超过从排气管排出的有害物质的预定诊断阀值。这提高了再处理部件的运行安全性。
用来调整还原剂-质量流量的因子可作为上游-λ值、墙壁温度、还原剂的输入浓度以及存储的还原剂相对于总还原剂-存储器能力的标准化质量(该标准化量是基座的墙壁温度以及废气气流的空间速度的函数)的函数来计算,作为。对于大于1的λ值来说,此因子是起主导作用的成份。通过与λ值相应的方式精确地分配因子和数量,此方法能够精确且有效地工作。
长期调节率可用来修正总还原剂-存储能力。对于墙壁温度的时间梯度较小的情况,此调节率可激活。因此,总存储能力可得以修正,然后用作监测和诊断存储状态的标准,此存储状态允许超过从排气管排出的有害物质的预定诊断阀值。这提高了再处理部件的运行安全性。
调节信号的余数可用于连接在后面的其它再处理部件,而且/或者,它可以回馈用于评价预估的下游-λ值。因此,调节信号(几乎)能够完全得到应用,这就提高了本方法的精度和效率。
再处理部件可包含催化器。在机动车辆的催化器中,可以广泛地使用本发明。
附图说明
下面借助附图详细阐述本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法的流程图;
图2是用于NOx-存储器模块的因子的简图。
这些附图只是用来阐述本发明,不是对它进行限制。这些附图及单个部件不一定是按比例绘制的。相同或相似的部件用相同的附图标记标识。
rLamMes:测得的下游-λ值
rLamEstim:预估的下游-λ值
rLam:上游-λ值
rLamAdapEl:λ-调节信号
mfAdapRdcFu:用于还原剂-质量流量的调节信号,与λ-调节等价
rAdapRdcFu:调节还原剂的输入浓度
mfAdapO2:在氧气-存储器模块中调节氧气-质量流量
mfAdapStrRdcFu:在还原剂-存储器模块中调节还原剂-质量流量
rAdapRdcNOx:在NOx-存储器模块中调节NOx浓度
mfAdapSot:在碳黑-燃烧模块中调节碳黑-废气质量流
r1:还原剂的输入浓度的比例
r2:调节在氧气-存储器模块中的氧气-质量流量的比例
r3:调节在还原剂-存储器模块中的还原剂-质量流量的比例
r4:调节在NOx-存储器模块中调节浓度的比例
r5:调节在碳黑-燃烧模块中的质量流的比例
mfFuDlyFil:废气中的发动机燃料的延迟和过滤的总总质量流量
mfEg:废气的质量流量
mwEg:废气的摩尔质量
mwFu:发动机燃料的摩尔质量
mwO2:氧气的摩尔质量
mwAir:空气的摩尔质量
mwSot:碳黑的摩尔质量
noC_Fu:发动机燃料中的碳摩尔数
rAfs:空气与发动机燃料的化学计量比例
rRdc_rNOx:每摩尔还原剂中的NOx摩尔量。
具体实施方式
图1示出了调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件(尾气处理器)的方法的流程图。
在第一步骤或方框1中,测出再处理部件下游的下游-λ值rLamMes。此数值既可以在额外的测量中确定,也可以使用(例如)发动机管理的现有测量值。
在第二步骤或方框2中,确定λ-调节信号rLamAdapEle。为此,首先对预估的再处理部件下游的下游-λ值rLamEstim以及发动机燃料的总质量流量进行评估。发动机燃料的总质量流量要考虑已燃烧以及未燃烧的发动机燃料。接着,将预估的下游-λ值rLamEstim和/或发动机燃料的总质量流量在时间上延迟和/或借助低通滤波器进行过滤,以便将通向下游传感器的路径以及传感器模块的时间常数考虑在内。
然后,基于测得的下游-λ值rLamMes以及已经延迟的废气中的发动机燃料的总质量流量,计算出用于λ-评估的极限函数。此极限函数具有最小极限和最大极限,其中,此极限在数值和斜率方面可与各种情形和环境(例如电机类型或加速度等)相匹配。
最后,从极限函数和预估的下游-λ值rLamEstim之间的差信号中,算出λ-调节信号rLamAdapEle。对于差信号的计算,也可应用测得的下游-λ值rLamMes,来代替发动机燃料的总质量流量。
如果预估的下游-λ值rLamEstim处于极限函数之外,则需计算差信号。这时可应用相关的极限(最小值或最大值)来计算差信号。如果预估的下游-λ值rLamEstim处于极限函数之内,则设差信号为零。然后根据墙壁温度和/或在差信号的大、小数值来修正差信号。
在步骤3中,将λ-差信号转换成调节信号。为此,根据方框3中的公式,将λ-差信号或λ-调节信号rLamAdapEle除以测得的下游-λ值rLamMes,并与已经延迟及过滤的废气中的发动机燃料的总质量流量mfFuDlyFil相乘。因此,通过应用发动机燃料的总质量流量以及测得的下游-λ值,把差信号转换成相应的还原剂差值,就得到了调节信号或者与λ调节信号mfAdapRdcFu等价的还原剂-质量流量调节信号。
在下面的步骤中,将对此调节信号mfAdapRdcFu加以说明并应用。
首先,把调节信号mfAdapRdcFu输入步骤或方框4中。在那里,利用调节信号来干预再处理部件上游的还原剂浓度,也就是说还原剂在流入再处理部件内的气体中的浓度。
在步骤4中,对还原剂输入浓度rAdapRdcFu的调节是通过方框4中的公式实现的。数量r1直接修正还原剂的浓度。剩余的调节信号(1-r1)×mfAdapRdcFu再次传递给方框5中的氧气-存储器模块。
在方框5中,对氧气-存储器模块中的氧气-质量流量mfAdapO2的调节是利用剩余的调节信号(1-r1)×mfAdapRdcFu并根据方框5中的公式实现的。
具有用来调整氧气-质量流量的数量因子的数量r2主要是作为上游-λ值、存储的氧气相对于总氧气-存储器能力的标准化质量(该标准化质量是基座的墙壁温度的函数)的函数来计算的。对于λ小于1的情况而言,此数量因子起决定作用。修正总氧气-存储器能力的长期调节率在墙壁温度梯度的较小时激活以用于修正总氧气-存储器能力。这种长期调节率是作为准则或标准来用的,用来监测和诊断存储器状态是否超过了废气通道中排出的有害物质的预定诊断阀值。
另外剩下的调节信号的余数(1-r1)×(1-r2)×mfAdapRdcFu被继续传递到方框6中,以用来调节还原剂-存储器模块中的还原剂-质量流量。
在方框6中,对还原剂-存储器模块中的还原剂-质量流量的调节是利用剩余的调节信号(1-r1)×(1-r2)×mfAdapRdcFu,并按方框6中的公式进行的。
具有用来调整还原剂-质量流量的数量因子的数量r3主要是作为上游-λ值、墙壁温度、还原剂的输入浓度以及存储的还原剂相对于总还原剂-存储器能力的标准化质量(该标准化量是基座的墙壁温度以及废气气流的空间速度的函数)的函数来计算的。对于λ大于1的情况而言,此数量因子起决定作用。用来修正总还原剂-存储器能力的长期调节率在墙壁温度梯度较小时被激活,并被用来修正总存储器能力。这种长期调节率是作为准则或标准来用的,用来监测和诊断存储器状态是否超过了从废气通道中排出的有害物质的预定诊断阀值。
另外剩下的调节信号的余数(1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×mfAdapRdcFu被继续传递到方框7中,以用来调节NOx-存储器模块中的NOx-浓度。
在方框7中,对NOx-存储器模块中的NOx-浓度的调节是利用剩余的调节信号(1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×mfAdapRdcFu并根据方框7中的公式实现的。
数量r4修正了对NOx-存储器模块中的NOx-浓度的调节因子rAdapRdcNOx,如图2所示,在基座的任意墙壁温度中,此调节因子在废气λ值小于1时(在发动机的富油运行状态下)是主导作用的。在图2中,调节因子相对于λ和墙壁温度的温度描绘。
另外剩下的调节信号的余数(1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×(1-r4)×mfAdapRdcFu继续传递到方框8中,以用来调节碳黑-燃烧模块中的碳黑-废气质量流。
在方框8中,对碳黑-燃烧模块中的碳黑-废气质量流mfAdapSot的调节是利用剩余的调节信号(1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×(1-r4)×mfAdapRdcFu,并按方框8中的公式实现的来。
具有用来调整还原剂-质量流量的数量因子的数量r5主要是作为上游-λ值和墙壁温度的函数来计算的。在高温(例如超过550℃)且λ值大于1的情况下,此数量因子起主导作用。
如果λ传感器设置在多个部件或元件的下游,那么另外剩下的调节信号的余数(1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×(1-r4)×(1-r5)×mfAdapRdcFu将被继续传递到未示出的其它再处理部件或催化器中。
另外剩下的调节信号的余数(1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×(1-r4)×(1-r5)×mfAdapRdcFu也可回馈到方框2中,以便改善对于下游-λ值的评估。对下游-λ值的评估也可直接从方框8回馈到方框2中。

Claims (11)

1.一种调节机动车辆排气系统中的再处理部件的方法,所述方法包括:
测量在再处理部件下游的下游-λ值(rLamMes);
对预估的再处理部件下游的下游-λ值(rLamEstim)以及发动机燃料的总质量流量进行评估;
在测得的下游-λ值(rLamMes)和发动机燃料的总质量流量(mfFuDlyFil)的基础上,计算用于λ-评估的极限函数;
计算极限函数和预估的下游-λ值(rLamEstim)之间的差信号(rLamAdapEle);
在应用发动机燃料的总质量流量(mfFuDlyFil)以及测得的下游-λ值(rLamMes)的情况下,通过把差信号(rLamAdapEle)转换成相应的还原剂偏差,来产生调节信号(mfAdapRdcFu);
借助剩余的调节信号((1-r1)×mfAdapRdcFu),来调整氧气-存储器模块的氧气-质量流量(mfAdapO2);
借助剩余的调节信号((1-r1)×(1-r2)×mfAdapRdcFu),来调整还原剂-存储器模块的还原剂-质量流量(mfAdapStrRdcFu);
借助剩余的调节信号((1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×mfAdapRdcFu),来调整NOx-存储器模块中的NOx-浓度(rAdapRdcNOx);
借助剩余的调节信号((1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×(1-r4)×mfAdapRdcFu),来调整碳黑-氧化模块中的碳黑-废气质量流(mfAdapSot)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,将预估的下游-λ值(rLamEstim)和/或发动机燃料的总质量流量(mfFuDlyFil)在时间上实施延迟和/或借助低通滤波器进行过滤。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,所述极限函数具有最小极限和最大极限。
4.根据权利要求1至3的任一项所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,如果预估的下游-λ值(rLamEstim)处于极限函数之外,则计算差信号(rLamAdapEle),而如果预估的下游-λ值(rLamEstim)处于极限函数之内,则将差信号(rLamAdapEle)设为零。
5.根据权利要求1至4的任一项所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,根据墙壁温度和/或差信号(rLamAdapEle)的大、小数值修正差信号(rLamAdapEle)。
6.根据权利要求1至5的任一项所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,用来调整氧气-质量流量(mfAdapO2)的因子是作为上游-λ值和存储的氧气相对于总氧气-存储器能力的标准化质量的函数来计算的,其中所述标准化质量是基座的墙壁温度的函数。
7.根据权利要求6所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,采用长期调节率来修正总氧气-存储器能力。
8.根据权利要求1至7的任一项所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,用来调节还原剂-质量流量(mfAdapStrRdcFu)的因子是作为上游-λ值、墙壁温度、还原剂的输入浓度以及存储的还原剂相对于总还原剂-存储器能力的标准化质量的函数来计算的,其中所述标准化质量是基座的墙壁温度与废气气流的空间速度的函数。
9.根据权利要求8所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,利用长期调节率来修正总还原剂-存储器能力。
10.根据权利要求1至9的任一项所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,所述调节信号的余数((1-r1)×(1-r2)×(1-r3)×(1-r4)×(1-r5)×mfAdapRdcFu)被应用于连接在后面的其他再处理部件。
11.根据权利要求1至10的任一项所述的调节再处理部件的方法,其中,所述再处理部件具有催化器。
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