CN102341748A - Total internal reflection switched flat panel display - Google Patents
Total internal reflection switched flat panel display Download PDFInfo
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- CN102341748A CN102341748A CN2009801562709A CN200980156270A CN102341748A CN 102341748 A CN102341748 A CN 102341748A CN 2009801562709 A CN2009801562709 A CN 2009801562709A CN 200980156270 A CN200980156270 A CN 200980156270A CN 102341748 A CN102341748 A CN 102341748A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/3473—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on light coupled out of a light guide, e.g. due to scattering, by contracting the light guide with external means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/19—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
- G02F1/195—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 by using frustrated reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0235—Field-sequential colour display
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- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2014—Display of intermediate tones by modulation of the duration of a single pulse during which the logic level remains constant
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- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
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Abstract
A flat panel display uses pixels (2060) that are turned on or off by the enabling or disabling total internal reflection, TIR, of a light guide (2010). A reflective surface (2070) directs the switched light towards the viewer. An optional mask may be employed to provide extremely high contrast ratios in low and in high ambient lighting conditions. The elements (2080) that enable TIR may be enabled quickly because of their small size and weight, resulting in a very fast switching speed. The fast switching speed allows colors to be generated and displayed in a sequential manner.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The U.S. Patent application the 12/319th that the application requires to submit on January 2nd, 2009 is entitled as " Optic System for Light Guide With Controlled Output (being used to have the optical system of the photoconduction of controlled output) "; The U.S. Patent application the 12/319th that is entitled as " TIR Switched Flat Panel Display (tir switch flat-panel monitor) " that No. 172 and on January 2nd, 2009 submit to; No. 171 benefit of priority, all application with referring to mode include this paper in.
Technical field
The present invention generally relates to electro-optical display device, and more specifically can comprise the optical system that is used for the direction of propagation of control light when light leaves photoconduction.
Background technology
Many product needed optical systems are come at big regional divergence light and when light leaves system, are controlled its direction.Recently the improvement of LED performance is reduced that to make LED are feasible selection more for many application scenarios together with production cost the time.Yet, many application scenarios, backlight such as LCD, have sign backlight, ceiling light and an automotive lighting, the concentrated light that need be produced by LED is also controlled direction of light simultaneously at big regional divergence.These application scenarios need improved optical system so that the photocontrol of expectation to be provided.
Display based on the LCD technology has developed decades.Can adopt now based on improved many patent documentations basic fundamental.Yet the display of prior art also has a plurality of shortcomings.The major defect of prior-art devices is an excess energy consumption.65 " the LCD televisor of diagonal angle HDTV (HDTV) consumes about half kilowatt usually.This is because the efficient of technology is lower.
A kind of mode of improving the efficient of LCD display is to make available light as much as possible point to the easiest zone of being seen by the beholder from light source.For power consumption obviously is the hand-held display device of significant consideration, expectation be that to point to beholder's light angulation narrower.
In the vertical application scenario such as televisor, expectation has the maximum intensity section of edge perpendicular to the light of the direction projection on the surface of display.Provide a large amount of light also more important to normal left side and right side.This needs for the beholder who is not in best viewing location (normal to screen).In these application scenarios, also expect to reduce the light quantity of the angle projection that is greater than or less than normal to screen.If the light along the irradiation of off-normal direction shines preferable angle again usually, will be bigger then along the light intensity of preferred direction transmission.
The document of three groups of prior aries has proposed the light of control LCD escope.In the document of these prior aries, prism-type " brightness enhancement film " is modal one type (BEF).The example of BEF is the people's such as Shozo Kokawa of announcement on November 14 nineteen ninety-five a United States Patent (USP) 5,467,208 " Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) ".The document has been discussed the prior art of prism-type film and is disclosed the improvement for prior art.A shortcoming of prism film is that they only have pair restricted control of light output angle.The change of prism characteristic only makes light output make varied somewhat.Prism film also is subject to two-dimensional structure.If the application scenario requires then must use at least two BEF along three dimension control light.
Second type of prior art of United States Patent (USP) 6,421,103 " Liquid Crystal Display Apparatus... (liquid crystal display device ...) " illustration of the Akira Yamaguchi that on July 16th, 2002 announced.The document of Yamaguchi discloses another device that is used for control light when light gets into led board.This patent discloses the echo area on light source, substrate (not as photoconduction), hole and the substrate.Light is by the reflecting surface reflection or pass the hole.Passing the light in hole is caught with the control direction of light by lens.Yamaguchi has lectured the restriction of output angular more light are directly gathered the beholder place of LCD escope.The device of Yamaguchi provides more the Duo control more available than the BEF device to output light.But the shortcoming of Yamaguchi device is its extremely low efficient.Light must repeatedly reflect at reflecting surface before it leaves the hole.Even processed by the material of high reflectance when reflecting surface, the loss of intensity also is sizable.Therefore, although the photocontrol of this invention is superior to the control of BEF device, efficient is much lower.
The United States Patent (USP) 5,396,350 " Backlighting Apparatus... (back lighting device ...) " of the Karl Beeson that announce March 7 nineteen ninety-five; And the United States Patent (USP) 7,345,824 " Light Collimating Device (light collimating device) " of the Neil Lubart of announcement on March 18th, 2008; The optical device of the 3rd type of photocontrol that is used for the led light source device is disclosed.The document of Beeson and Lubart discloses the reflection configuration on the light guide side.The range of control of these reflection configurations is restricted, and inequivalence is in the control that is provided by the device such as Yamaguchi.In addition, reflection configuration is positioned to from the LCD plate very near, and this beholder who makes defective of their output be easy to be shown device sees.
Summary of the invention
Various aspects comprise the photoconduction that is used for direct light.Some embodiment comprise the optical system that is used for photoconduction, and this optical system is controlled its angle when light leaves system.It can be used in the many application scenarios from LCD to the ceiling light.LCD display is the type that is used for cell phone, laptop computer, graphoscope, televisor and display apparatus for commercial use.Photoconduction can transmit the light from photoconduction at discrete each point and/or whole zone.Use to extract element in conjunction with reverberator, the output light of device is controlled to be processed parallel, that disperse or assembles.Reverberator can be bidimensional or three-dimensional.
One advantage of optical system of the present invention be it accurately control output light angle.
Another advantage of optical system of the present invention is that it transmits light about energy consumption more efficiently compared with prior art.The another advantage of optical system of the present invention is its simple structure, and therefore simple and economical for making.
In view of as said in the text with in the accompanying drawings shown in to the best explanation of known mode at present of embodiment of the present invention, these and additional objects and advantages of the present invention will become obvious for a person skilled in the art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map with photoconduction of optical device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the local enlarged side view of the photoconduction with optical device shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 illustrates the three dimensional type reverberator.
Fig. 4 illustrates the two-dimensional type reverberator.
Fig. 5 is the side view that blocks of photoconduction, LCD and end reflector.
Fig. 6 is the heteroid local enlarged side view of optical system.
Fig. 7 is the enlarged side view of another structure of optical system.
Fig. 8 illustrates the optical system of using the divergence form reverberator.
Fig. 9 illustrates the enlarged side view of another structure of optical system.
Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment.
Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment.
Embodiment
At first referring to Fig. 1, photoconduction assembly 1 of the present invention comprises the photoconduction 2 that has flat surfaces and a plurality of LED3.LED3 can be along the surface, such as the lower limb location of photoconduction 2.The number of colours of LED3 can be relevant with size, shape and the purposes of photoconduction 2 with the number of sides of the photoconduction 2 at LED3 place.LED3 can be positioned at photoconduction 2 more than on the side.LED3 possibly need electronic installation to drive them with suitable level.The technician who understands LED driving electronics can design multiple different circuits and accomplish this task.Embodiment shown in Fig. 1 always comprises 27 LED3, along the base of photoconduction 2 these LED3 is shown equally spacedly basically.Will be appreciated that, such as laser, incandescence, fluorescence or even the light source of other type of natural light can be enough to replace LED3.
In Fig. 2, photoconduction 2 is shown with enlarged side view.Fig. 2 illustrates the sampling of the light 17 that sends from LED3.Glazed thread 10 is illustrated as the upper surface 11 of collision photoconduction 2.When light 10 was more shallow with respect to the contact angle on the surface of photoconduction 2 or incident angle, light was from the surface reflection of photoconduction 2.The available following equation of this reflection decides:
A＝arcsine(Ns/NIg)
Wherein, NIg is the refractive index of photoconduction, and Ns is the refractive index of the medium outside photoconduction.Angle " A " be leave light guide surface normal angle and by Ns and NIg definition.Incident angle may be defined to 90 °-A.
For the material of air or another kind of low-refraction, Ns can be 1.35 or littler.For plastics or glass light guides 2, NIg can be 1.5.Angle A for these values can be approximately 64 °.Light can be approximately 26 ° by the maximum incident angle of total internal reflection.
If light is so that (or less than the surface of collision photoconduction 2 of 90 degree-A), then light will be with total internal reflection (TIR) from this surface reflection greater than the angle of A.If incident angle is greater than 90 degree-A, then at least a portion of light can be passed this surface (for example, the photoconduction upper surface 11) and can be reflected.In the embodiment shown, the light 13 of warp reflection continues to be transferred to the reverberator that is arranged on the contact vault 14 along the downward direction that light runs into window.Preferably, contact vault 14 equates with the refractive index of photoconduction 2 or is bigger than it.If photoconduction 2 is identical with the refractive index that contacts vault 14, then light 13 propagates into the contact vault with all incident angles basically from the body of photoconduction.If refractive index is different slightly, then light 13 can be reflected.If refractive index is greatly different, and contact vault 14 has littler refractive index, and then light can be from the reflection of " window " district.That do not expect for most applications, is the TIR that any light is arranged in contact vault 14 and window that photoconduction 2 contacts.The contact vault 14 that selection has a refractive index that is equal to or greater than photoconduction 2 can help to make light from photoconduction 2 through contact vault 14.The contact vault 14 that selection has the refractive index identical with the photoconduction body can help to make the light by the reflection of contact vault to turn back in the photoconduction body.
Last reflected light 13 continues across contact vault 14 and collides reverberator 15.In certain embodiments, the surface of reverberator 15 can be coated with reflective material with reflected light.Reflective material can be aluminium, silver, dielectric interfere type mirror or other reflective material or method.If reverberator 15 is constructed with the angle that falls in the said TIR formula, then reverberator 15 can not apply.Incident light 13 is from the surface reflection of reverberator 15.
In certain embodiments, the structure of reverberator 15 at least in part with from photoconduction 2 but be not to carry out light from photoconduction 2 and the light that contacts the zone of contact hole between the vault 14 to isolate.In structure shown in Fig. 2, through at photoconduction 2 with comprise that small clearance 16 is set between the structure of reverberator 15 realizes isolating.(referring to another method of discussing below Fig. 9 is that the material of one deck low-refraction is installed between the structure of photoconduction 2 and reverberator 15.)
In these cases, can produce the angle interdependence of reflectivity, thereby more low-angle light is from the partial reflection with clearance on surface, and contact hole basically all incident lights all be transferred to contact vault 14.
The shape of reverberator 15 can determine the direction of light back into light guide 2, and therefore determines the characteristic through the output light of photoconduction 2 outputs.Fig. 2 illustrates and is essentially oval-shaped reverberator 15.Oval-shaped reverberator 15 focuses the light into a bit or makes light leave reverberator 15 with a plurality of angles.If reverberator 15 is parabola shaped, the light that then leaves photoconduction 2 can be substantially parallel at the contact hole place near " point source " of reverberator.If select ellipsoidal reflector or parabolic reflector, then the focus of reverberator can be positioned at the contact hole place of contact vault 14 and photoconduction 2 junctions.Many other shapes can be used for reverberator 15, and the angle output of the light of expectation is depended in selection.
Existing referring to Fig. 3, reverberator 15 is depicted as the three dimensional type reverberator.Reverberator 15 can be easy to be chosen to bidimensional line style reverberator with the same shown in Fig. 4.In addition, adopt the selection of the reverberator 15 of which kind of type to depend on the purposes of being considered.The user also can select the combination of many reflector shape, and can bidimensional or three dimensional type construct and utilize them.The three-dimensional reverberator of two peacekeepings all shows the array of making reverberator 15 in Fig. 3 and 4.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that the reflector array that also can use many other types.
Fig. 5 illustrates the enlarged side view of photoconduction 2, LED3 and end reflector 20 and 21.Light will often pass photoconduction and not contact vault 14 reflections from being shown in an open position from LED3, and therefore make light leave photoconduction 2.Under that situation, light will be propagated through the whole length of photoconduction 2.When light arrives the far-end of photoconduction 2, during promptly relative with LED3 end, light is reflected in end reflector 21.This reflection makes light guide through photoconduction 2 in opposite direction again, turn back to initial LED3.Preferably, end reflector 21 is made up of the material with high reflectance.Interfere type or solid metal reflector are two kinds of possible alternative that are used for end reflector 21.The third possibility is angled backward type reverberator.
If light continues in photoconduction 2, to propagate and do not contact with contacting vault 14, then light will arrive the initiating terminal of photoconduction 2, i.e. LED3 place end.At this end place of photoconduction 2, zone or light that light can collide between the LED3 can collide LED3.When light was run into regional between the LED3, light will be by end reflector 20 reflections.If photoconduction 2 only has some LED3, then the light general almost always reflects from the end reflector 20 of high reflectance.Under the situation of LED3 reflection, LED3 possibly absorb a part of light at light, and the remainder of light will be reflected.Before light was contacted vault 14 extractions, light can repeatedly be propagated up and down at photoconduction 2.This can be the situation when some contact vaults 14 are only arranged in specific photoconduction assembly 1.If many contact vaults 14 are present in the photoconduction 2, light produces can be less more than one or two possibilities along the path of photoconduction 2.Even have under the situation of a large amount of reflections owing to light produces many paths along photoconduction 2, the loss of light also can be less.End reflector 20,21 can have 98% or better reflection efficiency, and the light-guide material of good quality absorbs considerably less light.
At another structure of the assembly of photoconduction shown in Fig. 61, wherein, reverberator 15 is a hollow, rather than by such the processing by solid material of normal conditions.In this structure, contact vault 14 adopts taper or spherical surface 22, and therefore, when the contact vault was shown in an open position, last reflected light 13 passed contact vault 14 and continues to advance along the surface of straight substantially path orientating reflex device 15.The function of the photoconduction assembly 1 shown in Fig. 6 is identical with the photoconduction assembly 1 shown in Fig. 2, and only difference has been to utilize the reverberator 15 ' of hollow.
Another structure at the assembly of photoconduction shown in Fig. 71.In the structure shown in Fig. 7, the characteristic of contact vault 14 is cut in the surface of photoconduction 2.In fact, this structure is the antistructure of constructing shown in Fig. 2.As 1 that kind of the assembly shown in Fig. 6, the function of the photoconduction assembly 1 shown in Fig. 7 identical with shown in Fig. 2.Which kind of reflector configuration is the output action may command that is easy to make and expects select for given purposes.
Fig. 8 illustrates the structure of photoconduction assembly 1, wherein, exports light and shines and disperse on the contrary to focus.As stated, the output action of the shape of reverberator 15 control light.In Fig. 8, the shape of reverberator 15 be chosen to with illumination to focus scattering on the contrary through the reflection light 18.Fig. 9 openly is used to make the structure of reverberator 15 and another method that photoconduction 2 light are isolated.In the structure shown in Fig. 9, the thin layer 30 that less refractive index materials is processed separates the photoconduction 2 and the structure of supporting reverberator 15.Contact vault 14 '=only be the hole in the thin layer 30 of less refractive index.
The thickness of less index layer 30 needn't be drawn in proportion among Fig. 9.In fact, less index layer 30 can be several micron thick.Thin layer 30 available light carving technologies (lithographic process) deposit.Reverberator 15 with contact vault 14 and " can be molded as with photoconduction 2 and directly contact (for example being welded to photoconduction and thin layer) with thin layer 30.Bonding agent can be used as less refractive index materials 30.Select bonding agent can be of value to manufacture process as less refractive index materials 30.
Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment.Light 1000 can pass photoconduction 1010 transmission.Photoconduction 1010 can have first refractive index and can comprise the one or more surfaces between photoconduction 1010 and another medium (for example, solid, liquid, air or even vacuum) with second refractive index.These surfaces can be substantially smooth, crooked, elongated (for example, having the size more much bigger than another size, such as big 10 times or even 100 times) and other shape.Photoconduction 1010 can comprise first surface 1020, second surface 1030 (for example, light can leave photoconduction 1010 from this surface) and three surface 1040 relevant with various light controlling devices that is configured to receive from the light of light source (not shown).Photoconduction 1010 can comprise one or more the 4th surfaces 1050.In some cases, the 4th surface 1050 light that can receive from light source.In some cases, the 4th surface 1050 part mirror images at least.In certain embodiments, the 4th surface 1050 can comprise completely reflecting mirror, and this completely reflecting mirror can make in photoconduction 1010 and incide the reflected light back into light guide 1010 on the 4th surface 1050.
Light from light source can be transferred in the photoconduction 1010 through first surface 1020.First surface 1020 can be partial reflection at least (for example, half-reflecting mirror) and can be configured to the light that in photoconduction 1010, arrives first surface 1020 is reflected back into the photoconduction 1010.First surface 1020 can be that put down, bending or other shape.First surface 1020 can be arranged to one or more other surfaces angled 1022 with respect to photoconduction 1010.Angle 1022 can be between 45 ° to 135 °, between 70 ° to 110 ° and/or between 80 ° to 100 °.In some cases, can come selected angle 1022 according to the various prediction angles of the internal reflection in the photoconduction 1010.
Light from light source can be transferred in the photoconduction 1010 through the 4th surface 1050.The 4th surface 1050 can be (for example, the half-reflecting mirror) of partial reflection at least and can be configured to the light that in photoconduction 1010, arrives the 4th surface 1050 is reflected back into the photoconduction 1010.The 4th surface 1050 can be that put down, bending or other shape.One or more other surfaces angled 1052 with respect to photoconduction 1010 can be arranged in the 4th surface 1050.Angle 1052 can be between 45 ° to 135 °, between 70 ° to 110 ° and/or between 80 ° to 100 °.In some cases, can come selected angle 1052 according to the various prediction angles of the internal reflection in the photoconduction 1010.
Some surfaces (for example, first surface 1020 and/or the 4th surface 1050) can be configured to (inciding in the photoconduction 1010 lip-deep) light with one or more preferable direction back into light guide 1010.In some cases, but the surface reflected light, so that this transmission of not expecting of passing to outside the photoconduction 1010 through the light that reflects minimize.In some cases, light can be than with (such as, second surface 1030 and/or the 3rd surface 1040) little angle of incident angle that TIR is relevant reflects from another surface.
Some surfaces (for example, the 3rd surface 1040 and/or second surface 1030 selectively) can comprise " mirror ", and the reflectivity of these mirrors depends on the incident angle of incident light (for example, in photoconduction 1010).Can form the angle interdependence of reflectivity through the refractive index on the either side of control surface.Also can form the angle interdependence of reflectivity through other method, such as the nanostructured on surface, use surface applied etc.In some cases, surface design become to make incident light with lower incident angle (for example, be lower than 45 °, be lower than 30 °, be lower than 20 ° or even be lower than 10 °) reflect.In some cases, surface design becomes to make the incident angle that incident light can be higher (for example, perpendicular to the surface, in 2 ° of normals, in 10 ° of normals and/or in 20 ° of normals) to pass the surface.
The surface of photoconduction 1010 can comprise one or more windows 1060.In the example shown in Figure 10, window 1060 is arranged in the 3rd surface 1040, and light leaves photoconduction 1010 via second surface 1030.Some embodiments comprise dozens of, hundreds of individual, thousands of, millions of or even billions of windows 1060.Some embodiment comprises one, two, three, five or ten windows 1060.Window 1060 be characterized as one or more sizes 1062, such as length, width, radius and/or characterize other size of the each side of window 1060.The characteristic of window 1060 can all be " transparent " to all incident lights basically, and can make from the light transmission in " body " of photoconduction 1010 to other structure (such as, contact vault, reverberator etc.).
Reverberator can be multiple shape (para-curve, ellipse, straight line, crooked, smooth with other shape).Window can have the different reverberator relevant with the different directions of incident light.For example, can be according to the shape of selecting reverberator 1070 from the preferred reception of the light of the direction incident relevant with first surface 1020, and can select reverberator 1072 according to preferred reception from the light of the direction incident relevant with the 4th surface 1050.For making light through one or more reverberators window 1060 is set through window.In the example shown in Figure 10, reverberator 1070 and 1072 is arranged on the position of reflecting incident light.Reverberator can generally be completely reflecting mirror (for example, be reflect fully and/or direct reflection).The characteristic of reverberator can be one or more sizes.In the example shown in Figure 10, the characteristic of reverberator can be a size 1074,1076 and 1078, and characteristic optionally is other size (for example, perpendicular to the page).
In the example shown in Figure 10, the effect of the mirror that depends on angle is played on the 3rd surface 1040 through the reflectivity that is caused by the different refractivity on the either side on surface.This embodiment can comprise and being arranged on by contacting the reverberator 1070 and 1072 on the vault 1080 with photoconduction 1010 identical materials are processed.The reflecting part on the 3rd surface 1040 can comprise the clearance, and window 1060 can comprise optically transparent fitting piece as stated between " body " of contact vault 1080 and photoconduction 1010.The light that on the 3rd surface 1040, has more shallow incident angle (that is, having the angle bigger than A with respect to normal) can be from 1040 reflections of the 3rd surface.
The light (for example, light 1000) that passes window 1060 can pass through reverberator (for example, reverberator 1070) reflected back surface (for example, the 3rd surface 1040).This reflection can cause having with respect to the 3rd surface 1040 and/or the bigger incident angle of second surface 1030 through the light 1000 of reflection, and this can cause light to pass photoconduction 1010 (for example, via second surface 1030).In Figure 10, come schematically to illustrate these angles by means of the angle with respect to surface normal littler than TIR angle A.
Can select various sizes (for example, 1062,1070,1074,1014 etc.) according to application requirements.For example; When the radius 1062 of ox-eye 1060 reduces; The light that passes window 1060 can more and more put up a good show picture from " point source " arrival reverberator 1070; This can provide for the use of the geometry in particular of reverberator 1070 (for example, parabola shaped), and this causes light to leave photoconduction 1010 with the angle that is substantially perpendicular to second surface 1030 via second surface 1030.
Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment.Light 1100 can be by photoconduction 1110 guiding.Photoconduction 1110 can comprise surface 1130 and surface 1140.Surface 1140 can be partial reflection at least, and can reflect the incident light that arrives with the incident angle than the angle A relevant with TIR shallow (with respect to the surface) or big (with respect to surface normal).
The surface 1140 can comprise window 1160, this window can with reverberator 1170 optical communication.The characteristic of reverberator 1170 can be a size 1172.In certain embodiments, size 1172 can approximate greatly the display device that is configured to show the light that is guided by photoconduction 1110 pixel size (for example, pixel size 10%, 5%, 2% or even 1% scope in).In certain embodiments, light source provides the light by photoconduction 1110 guiding.In some cases, each relevant with display device pixel can be relevant with window 1160 and/or reverberator 1170.
Above-mentioned open do not mean restrictive.Those skilled in the art will easily observe when keeping teachings of the present invention can carry out multiple modification and variation to this device.Therefore, above-mentioned only openly should be understood that limited the limiting content of appended claims.
Claims (38)
1. photoconduction 1010, said photoconduction comprises:
Be configured to receive first surface 1020 from the light 1000 of light source;
Second surface 1030; And
Has the 3rd surface 1040 with the window 1060 of reverberator 1070 optical communication; Said reverberator 1070 has the shape that is configured to reflect at least a portion light 1000, and said at least a portion light is interior to cause at least a portion to incide on the said reverberator 1070 through the angle that the light 1000 that reflects passes said second surface 1030 transmission from photoconduction 1010.
2. photoconduction 1010 as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; From the photoconduction 1010 interior light that arrive, promptly said incident angle is than little through the relevant angle of the total internal reflection of said surface in photoconduction 1010 with light with following incident angle in any surface reflection in first surface 1020 and the 3rd surface 1040.
3. like each described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that said window all is transparent for the light that arrives said window from any angle.
4. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that first size 1012 to the second sizes 1014 are big more than 100 times.
5. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that second size of being correlated with window 1060 with window 1060 relevant first size ratios is big more than 10 times.
6. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that second size of being correlated with reverberator 1070 with reverberator 1070 relevant first size ratios is big more than 10 times.
7. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that said first size is bigger more than 100 times than second size of said correspondence.
8. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that said window 1060 is circular.
9. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the characteristic of at least a portion curvature of reverberator 1070 is parabola shaped.
10. like each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the characteristic of at least a portion curvature of reverberator 1070 is oval-shaped.
11. each the described photoconduction 1010 as in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that the characteristic of at least a portion curvature of reverberator 1070 is put down.
12. each the described photoconduction 1010 as in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, the first size 1012 of being correlated with photoconduction 1010 with reverberator 1070 relevant first size 1078 ratios is little more than 10 times.
13. as each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the first size 1074 relevant with reverberator 1070 is in 10 times of the first size 1014 of being correlated with photoconduction 1010.
14. as each described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim; It is characterized in that; Also comprise and reverberator 1070 two or more windows 1060 of optical communication accordingly; Said reverberator 1070 has the shape that is configured to reflect at least a portion light 1000, and said at least a portion light is interior to cause at least a portion to incide on the said reverberator 1070 through the angle that the light 1000 that reflects passes said second surface 1030 transmission from photoconduction 1010.
15. each the described photoconduction 1010 as in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, said reverberator 1070 comprises first with first shape and the second portion with second shape.
16. each the described photoconduction 1010 as in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, any surface comprises and the interface with zone of second refractive index.
17. photoconduction 1010 as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, said second refractive index is less than first refractive index.
18. as each the described photoconduction 1010 in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, through the said light of second surface 1030 transmission with the angle transmission in 20 ° of scopes at the normal of second surface 1030.
19. photoconduction 1010 as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, said angle is in 10 ° of scopes of normal.
20. photoconduction 1010 as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, said angle is in 5 ° of scopes of normal.
21. each the described photoconduction 1010 as in the aforementioned claim is characterized in that, is dimensioned to and is substantially equal to the Pixel Dimensions relevant with the display screen that comprises photoconduction 1010.
22. a light-guiding system comprises:
Light source; And
According to each described photoconduction in the aforementioned claim.
23. one kind comprises the display device according to each described photoconduction in the claim 1 to 21.
24. the method for a direct light comprises that use is according to each described photoconduction in the claim 1 to 21.
25. a method of making photoconduction, said method comprises:
Form first body by having first refractive index materials;
One or more second bodies are attached to said first body, and each second body has:
Second refractive index;
By the window shape that contacts between said first and second bodies optically transparent web member that become, that link to each other with said first body; And
Reverberator with following shape, promptly said shape are configured at least a portion that is transferred to the light said second body from said first body via said window is passed in said first body of incident angle reflected back of said first body transmission to cause the light through reflection.
26. method as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, said first and second refractive indexes are identical.
27. a light-guiding system comprises:
Photoconduction, wherein, light is propagated through total internal reflection,
At least one optical element, said optical element provides from said photoconduction light is optionally extracted, and
At least one reverberator in the said optical element, except between said optical element and the said photoconduction outside window, said reverberator is isolated with said photoconduction light at least in part; Wherein,
When from said photoconduction, extracting the light time, said light is with predetermined direction and pattern irradiation.
28. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
Through making said optical element contact the extraction that starts light with said photoconduction physics.
29. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
The structure of said reverberator is controlled said predetermined direction and pattern.
30. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that:
Said reverberator is the element of hollow.
31. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
The contact portion of said optical element be integrally formed to the body of said photoconduction.
32. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
The shaped design of said reverberator becomes to make output light to disperse.
33. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
Realize said light isolation through the clearance.
34. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
Thin layer through the material with low-refraction is processed is realized said light isolation.
35. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
After leaving said reverberator, pass said photoconduction from the light of said reflector reflects.
36. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
Said reverberator is the two-dimensional type reverberator.
37. light-guiding system as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that:
Said reverberator is the three dimensional type reverberator.
38. method that comprises the manufacturing display device of the described method of claim 25.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/319,172 US8152352B2 (en) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-01-02 | Optic system for light guide with controlled output |
| US12/319,171 US8272770B2 (en) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-01-02 | TIR switched flat panel display |
| US12/319,172 | 2009-01-02 | ||
| US12/319,171 | 2009-01-02 | ||
| PCT/US2009/006763 WO2010077367A2 (en) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-12-31 | Optic system for light guide with controlled output |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102341748A true CN102341748A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801562709A Pending CN102341748A (en) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-12-31 | Total internal reflection switched flat panel display |
| CN2009801562728A Pending CN102395922A (en) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-12-31 | Total internal reflection switched flat panel display |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2009801562728A Pending CN102395922A (en) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-12-31 | Total internal reflection switched flat panel display |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP2384455A2 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP2012514761A (en) |
| KR (2) | KR20110139194A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN102341748A (en) |
| WO (2) | WO2010077367A2 (en) |
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| CN105782906A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-07-20 | 3M创新有限公司 | Light guide pipe and indoor and in-car illumination system integrated with light guide pipe |
| CN107430240A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-12-01 | 镭亚股份有限公司 | Using the backlight based on unidirectional grating in angular selectivity reflecting layer |
| CN108152938A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical imaging system |
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| DE102011003569B4 (en) * | 2011-02-03 | 2013-03-21 | Leica Microsystems (Schweiz) Ag | Area light source for a transmitted light illumination device of a microscope |
| JP2014135116A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2014-07-24 | Sharp Corp | Surface light source device, manufacturing method thereof, display device, and illuminating device |
| JP2014149915A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2014-08-21 | Sharp Corp | Surface light source device and manufacturing method thereof, display device, and illumination device |
| EP3893047B1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2023-08-30 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Optical laminate |
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- 2009-12-31 CN CN2009801562728A patent/CN102395922A/en active Pending
- 2009-12-31 WO PCT/US2009/006763 patent/WO2010077367A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-12-31 KR KR1020117018090A patent/KR20110139194A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-12-31 EP EP09799444A patent/EP2384454A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105782906A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-07-20 | 3M创新有限公司 | Light guide pipe and indoor and in-car illumination system integrated with light guide pipe |
| CN105782906B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2019-02-22 | 3M创新有限公司 | Photoconductive tube and interior and the room light system for integrating the photoconductive tube |
| CN107430240A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-12-01 | 镭亚股份有限公司 | Using the backlight based on unidirectional grating in angular selectivity reflecting layer |
| CN107430240B (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2020-09-18 | 镭亚股份有限公司 | Unidirectional grating-based backlight employing an angularly selective reflective layer |
| CN108152938A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical imaging system |
| CN110036236A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2019-07-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | Optical imaging system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012514761A (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| EP2384455A2 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
| WO2010077367A2 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| WO2010077367A3 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
| KR20110139193A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
| JP2012514835A (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| EP2384454A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
| WO2010077363A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
| CN102395922A (en) | 2012-03-28 |
| KR20110139194A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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Application publication date: 20120201 |