CN102340321A - Digital intermediate frequency signal processing apparatus capable of improving polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) channel consistency - Google Patents

Digital intermediate frequency signal processing apparatus capable of improving polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) channel consistency Download PDF

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CN102340321A
CN102340321A CN2010102311971A CN201010231197A CN102340321A CN 102340321 A CN102340321 A CN 102340321A CN 2010102311971 A CN2010102311971 A CN 2010102311971A CN 201010231197 A CN201010231197 A CN 201010231197A CN 102340321 A CN102340321 A CN 102340321A
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李早社
禹卫东
张志敏
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Institute of Electronics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a digital intermediate frequency signal processing apparatus capable of improving polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR) channel consistency and relates to the Pol-SAR technology. A data acquisition chip is moved forward to a rear end of a band pass filter and intermediate frequency amplifier. The intermediate frequency in a receiving path can be directly sampled. The apparatus of the invention carries out sampling and digitization to a plurality of polarimetric channel signals of the Pol-SAR at the intermediate frequency, performs quadrature demodulation and filtering to intermediate frequency signals in a digital domain so as to obtain digital video signals and simultaneously performs related digital signal processing to the digital video signals. By using the apparatus of the invention, Pol-SAR channel consistency can be substantially improved; remote sensing precision and accuracy of Pol-SAR can be effectively raised; problems existing in Pol-SAR echo receiving treatment by using a traditional method can be avoided; a quantity of collected channels can be reduced. Using the apparatus is good for miniaturization of a Pol-SAR system.

Description

Improve the digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of Pol-SAR passage consistency
Technical field
The present invention relates to the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar technical field; Be a kind of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (Pol-SAR that is used for; Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar) digital if technology in is the digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that is used for Pol-SAR.
Background technology
Pol-SAR is a kind of high resolution synthetic aperture radar that can obtain the target polarization information.In traditional SAR system; The A/D conversion begins from vision signal; Be that intermediate-freuqncy signal obtains I, Q two-way analog video orthogonal signalling after analog receiver quadrature demodulation filtering; The SAR digital system partly receives two-way simulation quadrature vision signal, and it is carried out the A/D sampled, digitalization, and then digital processing of being correlated with and stored record.SAR analog receiver theory diagram is as shown in Figure 2 usually.
Adopt the Pol-SAR echo reception handling principle block diagram of conventional method as shown in Figure 3.Receive the restriction of intrinsic mechanism characteristic of analogue device and performance; Pol-SAR receiving and processing device shown in Figure 3 can produce unavoidably that local oscillator is floated frequently, phase noise, mixing produce spurious signal, produce problems such as intermodulation and harmonic wave when amplifying; The result is the amplitude-phase consistency that can not guarantee two POLARIZATION CHANNEL; The orthogonality index of same receive path I/Q two paths of signals is also undesirable simultaneously, and whole debug process is very difficult, and performance parameter also receives the influence of temperature, environment etc. easily.And in the Pol-SAR application, different polarization interchannel echo-signals require to have very high consistency (amplitude consistency and phase equalization), and therefore, traditional processing method is difficult to deal with the requirement of Pol-SAR accurate high-resolution quantitative measurment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention proposes a kind of digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of the Pol-SAR of improvement passage consistency just; This device carries out sampled, digitalization, at numeric field demodulation of intermediate frequency signal in orthogonal and filtering is obtained video signal at intermediate frequency, the Digital Signal Processing of simultaneously video signal being correlated with many POLARIZATION CHANNEL signals of Pol-SAR.This technique device can improve the Pol-SAR passage consistency greatly, can effectively improve the precision and the accuracy of Pol-SAR remote sensing.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that improves the Pol-SAR passage consistency, it moves forward to bandpass filtering and intermediate frequency amplifier rear end with data acquisition chip, and the intermediate frequency analogue echoes signal that receives path is directly sampled;
Comprise data acquisition chip, digital signal processing chip, clock distribution and driver module, secondary power supply conversion module, interface circuit; Echo signal of intermediate frequency inputs to data acquisition chip through the SMA head; The data acquisition chip output is electrically connected with digital signal processing chip; Digital signal processing chip intercoms with program storage mutually; And be electrically connected with other SAR signal processing module through CPCI-J3, J4, J5 mouth, digital signal processing chip simultaneously through the CPCI Communications Control Interface through CPCI-J1, J2 mouth and main control computer two-way communication;
System sampling clock is by providing through the CPCI-J3 mouth, and input clock signal is delivered to data acquisition chip and digital signal processing chip respectively through clock distribution and driver module;
The secondary power supply module provides power supply for each parts.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, its said data acquisition chip adopts the AT84AD001B of e2v company to do AD conversion chip, is a two-way A/D chip; Its quantity is monolithic or multi-disc.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, its said digital signal processing chip is FPGA, ASIC or dsp chip.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, its circuit board are the CPCI 6U integrated circuit board of standard.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, its said digital signal processing chip is electrically connected with main control computer, SAR signal processing module, Communications Control Interface, is to connect through core bus, or connects through cable.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, it adopts the digital mixing LPF to realize quadrature demodulation, or adopts digital interpolative method or Hilbert converter technique to realize digital quadrature demodulation; The numeric field SAR original video data that adopts the BAQ theoretical register to hand over demodulation to obtain is compressed, and requires data packing output according to the system interface data format.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, its intermediate frequency signal processing allows to fall under the condition of sampling in signal bandwidth, adopts multinomial filter method to realize.
Described digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, its said program storage, through digital signal processing chip is loaded different programs, the system handles reconfigurable function, relevant Processing tasks changes as required.
The digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that improves the Pol-SAR passage consistency of the present invention can significantly improve the consistency of many POLARIZATION CHANNEL of Pol-SAR, improves the precision and the accuracy of Pol-SAR remote sensing.It to the effect that obtains vision signal to the analog echo signal digitlization of many POLARIZATION CHANNEL intermediate frequencies of Pol-SAR and in the numeric field quadrature demodulation, carries out correlated digital signals according to the system task demand simultaneously and handles (like compensation, correction, compression and format etc.).
The signal processing apparatus that the present invention relates to is realized Pol-SAR many POLARIZATION CHANNEL echo-signals collection and processing capacity, and these functions comprise: the A/D conversion is carried out to many POLARIZATION CHANNEL echo signal of intermediate frequency of Pol-SAR in (1); (2) signal after the conversion is carried out the numeric field quadrature demodulation; (3) Digital Signal Processing of being correlated with of the vision signal after the pair of orthogonal demodulation.
The digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that improves the Pol-SAR passage consistency of the present invention; Digital collection and processing section are moved forward to intermediate-freuqncy signal; Then can avoid adopting the Pol-SAR echo of conventional method to receive the problem that exists of handling; So in addition processing has also reduced the port number of gathering, and simultaneously the miniaturization of Pol-SAR system is of great benefit to.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a digital medium-frequency signal processing unit schematic block diagram of improving the Pol-SAR passage consistency of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a SAR analog receiver schematic block diagram;
Fig. 3 receives the handling principle schematic block diagram for the Pol-SAR echo that adopts conventional method;
Fig. 4 is an if sampling digital processing schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a radio frequency sampling structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is one embodiment of the invention, uses the 6U CPCI circuit-board card sketch map of standard mechanical structure;
Fig. 7 is a digital quadrature demodulation operation principle sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the another embodiment of the present invention sketch map;
Fig. 9 is an another embodiment sketch map of the present invention.
Embodiment
The digital medium-frequency signal processing unit theory diagram that improves the Pol-SAR passage consistency of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, and it mainly is made up of data acquisition module and digital signal processing module.Wherein high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module is realized by the high-speed AD acquisition chip, and it realizes the digitizing function of analog if signal.Digital signal processing module is realized signal demodulation of combine digital territory and relevant Digital Signal Processing function by high-performance, ultra-large digital signal processing chip.
Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of the present invention has following distinguishing feature:
(1) mainly comprises parts such as data acquisition chip, digital signal processing chip, secondary power supply conversion module, interface circuit.Wherein data acquisition chip is accomplished the digitizing function to the different POLARIZATION CHANNEL analog intermediate frequency signals of Pol-SAR; Digital signal processing chip carries out a series of relevant processing to signal at numeric field; The secondary power supply conversion module carries out corresponding conversion to a power supply and produces the inner required various power supplys of digital medium-frequency signal processing unit; Interface circuit is realized external interface and is driven function.
(2) in Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, Analog signals'digitalization is realized by high-speed a/d conversion chip.The A/D chip that any satisfied system acquisition index requires all can become alternative, selects as far as possible under the condition of index request to make system have the A/D conversion chip of high performance-price ratio satisfying.
(3) in Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit; Digital Signal Processing is preferential to adopt ultra-large high-performance FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to realize, does the flexibility that digital signal processor spare has increased system applies greatly with on-the-spot reconfigurable fpga chip.
(4) Digital Signal Processing of FPGA realization is not construed as limiting the invention.In certain applications, the Digital Signal Processing part also can adopt ASIC or commercial dsp chip to realize in the Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that the present invention proposes.
(5) the A/D conversion chip and the signal processing chip quantity of the present invention's proposition all do not limit, and both can be monolithics, can be made up of multi-disc yet.
(6) the Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of the present invention's proposition can realize on the CPCI of standard 6U integrated circuit board that it can be placed in the cabinet of a standard or customization with other digital signal panel card of SAR system.
(7) the Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of the present invention's proposition also can be realized on other standard integrated circuit board.
(8) the on-gauge plate card structure becomes limitation of the present invention inadequately, and the Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that the present invention proposes also can adopt self-defining circuit board and customization machine box structure.
(9) in Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, the I/O interface can connect through core bus, also can connect through cable.
(10) the Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of the present invention's proposition adopts the digital mixing LPF to realize quadrature demodulation.
(11) the digital mixing LPF realizes that digital quadrature demodulation becomes limitation of the present invention inadequately, and the Pol-SAR digital if technology device that the present invention proposes also can adopt methods such as digital interpolative method or Hilbert converter technique to realize digital quadrature demodulation.
(12) the Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that proposes of the present invention allows to fall in signal bandwidth under the condition of sampling and can adopt multinomial filter method to realize.
(13) in Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit; The numeric field SAR original video data that adopts BAQ (Block Adaptive Quantity) theoretical register to hand over demodulation to obtain is compressed, and requires data packing output according to the system interface data format.
(14) in Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit, comprise the FPGA program storage, through loading different FPGA programs, the system handles reconfigurable function, relevant Processing tasks can change as required.
Specify content of the present invention below.
Tradition SAR adopts the simulation superheterodyne receiver to receive echo-signal (as shown in Figure 2) more.The weak radio-frequency signal that receives from antenna with the RF local oscillator mixing, is transformed to intermediate-freuqncy signal after radio-frequency front-end processing circuit processes such as band pass filter and LNA; Amplifying through bandpass filtering and intermediate frequency; After obtaining enough gains, power division becomes two paths of signals, respectively with the mixing of quadrature intermediate frequency local oscillator; Through behind the LPF, extract base band in-phase component and quadrature component.Receiver output video in-phase component and quadrature component are transformed to digital signal to digital system through A/D, carry out digital baseband and handle.
Processing such as mixing in the analog receiver, filtering, amplification all adopt analogue device to realize, this makes it have some intrinsic shortcomings:
nonlinear device analog frequency mixing exists cross modulation and signal leakage problem.
All there are the imbalance of amplitude and phase problem in
Figure BSA00000198236200052
orthogonal local oscillation and quadrature signal path, influence mirror image inhibition degree.
Figure BSA00000198236200061
inevitable temperature drift of device parameters makes the consistency between product stability, reliability and product relatively poor.
Figure BSA00000198236200062
analog circuit debug difficulties.
Figure BSA00000198236200063
analogue system parameter can not be changed, and system flexibility is poor.
If Pol-SAR also adopts such technology to carry out that echo receives and handle, then the H polarization is accepted passage and V polarization receive path respectively by the such system's realization of two-way, and is as shown in Figure 3.Because the above-mentioned inherent defect of analog receiver, such method are difficult to guarantee the interchannel amplitude-phase consistency of different polarization, and then be difficult to realize the high accuracy quantitative measurment of polarization SAR.
Digital medium-frequency signal treatment technology of the present invention can effectively overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.
So-called digital medium-frequency signal treatment technology is exactly the ADC reach with Fig. 2, moves to the intermediate frequency that receives path directly sample (like Fig. 4).Although sampling is moved to radio frequency (like Fig. 5) the Pol-SAR passage consistency is improved better effects if, the radio frequency sampling structure is high to the sample rate and the bandwidth requirement of AD converter, realizes difficulty at present.
Fig. 4 is an if sampling digital processing schematic flow sheet.With respect to radio frequency sampling structure shown in Figure 5, if sampling has reduced many to the sample rate of ADC and bandwidth requirement, thereby has reduced system and realized difficulty.The present invention adopts if sampling to realize Pol-SAR multipolarization channel signal echo acquirement and Digital Signal Processing.
Pol-SAR digital medium-frequency signal processing unit of the present invention, one of which embodiment are to use the 6U CPCI circuit-board card of a standard mechanical structure to realize, and be as shown in Figure 6.Echo signal of intermediate frequency is through the input of SMA head, and sampling clock provides through the CPCI-J3 mouth through the self-defining bus of backboard, and input clock is delivered to ADC and FPGA respectively through clock distribution and driving network.Pol-SAR digital if technology device is connected through self-defining core bus (through J3, J4, J5 mouth) with main control computer and other SAR signal processing module, adopts the cpci bus of standard to reserve CPCI Communications Control Interface (J1, J2 mouth) simultaneously.The secondary power supply module produces ADC, FPGA and the required various power supplies of other chip on the plate.
The present invention selects the AT84AD001B of e2v company to do AD conversion chip, and it is a two-way high-performance A/D chip, and its main performance index is following:
√ binary channels 8bit resolution;
√ 1Gsps/ channel sample rate;
√ 1.5GHz total power input bandwidth (3dB);
√ typical case SNR=42dB (7.2ENOB), THD=-51dBc, SFDR=-54dBc (Fs=1Gbps, Fin=500MHz);
√DNL=0.25LSB,INL=0.5LSB;
The error rate 10 during √ 1GHz -13
400MHz analog intermediate frequency signal (200MHz bandwidth) outputs to FPGA and carries out the digital quadrature demodulation processing after the digitlization of ADC 533.33MHz sample rate.Digital quadrature demodulation is handled and is adopted the digital mixing low pass filtering method to realize.
The digital quadrature demodulation operation principle is as shown in Figure 7.Analog if signal is through behind the anti-aliasing band pass filter; Through AD sampling, divide two-way and digital quadrature sequence to multiply each other then, obtain two paths of signals more respectively through low pass filter unit and extracting unit separately; The output result is the baseband digital signal that falls after the sampling, and its theoretical derivation is following:
The signal that AD receives is a real signal, makes it do
Figure BSA00000198236200071
Through AD with f sObtain sample sequence after the sample frequency sampling
Figure BSA00000198236200072
ω wherein 0=2 π f 0, using phase difference is to obtain respectively after the orthogonal signalling mixing of 90 degree
Figure BSA00000198236200073
Obtain behind the LPF
Figure BSA00000198236200075
Figure BSA00000198236200076
Obtain base band orthogonal sequence I (m) and Q (m) after the extraction.
In this programme, signal intermediate frequency f 0=400MHz, sample frequency f s = 400 × 4 3 MHz = 4 3 f 0 , So Cos ( n ω 0 ) = Cos ( 2 π n f 0 ) = Cos ( 2 π N f s f 0 ) = Cos 3 2 Nπ , Sin ( n ω 0 ) = Sin 3 2 Nπ . N=1 wherein, 2,3 ...So the used orthogonal sequence of digital quadrature demodulation is respectively cos (n ω among Fig. 7 0)=[0 ,-1,0,1,0 ,-1 ... ], sin (n ω 0)=[-1,0,1,0 ,-1,0 ... ].Adopt such orthogonal sequence to carry out digital quadrature demodulation processing will the reduction greatly hardware and realize difficulty.
As another embodiment of the present invention, Pol-SAR digital if technology device can adopt commercial DSP device as digital signal processor spare, replaces FPGA combine digital signal processing function.As shown in Figure 8.
As another embodiment of the present invention, Pol-SAR digital if technology device can adopt customization ASIC device as digital signal processor spare, replaces FPGA combine digital signal processing function.As shown in Figure 9.
As an instance more of the present invention, Pol-SAR digital if technology device also can adopt the machine box structure of customization, and external interface adopts connector externally to connect through cable.

Claims (8)

1. a digital medium-frequency signal processing unit that improves the Pol-SAR passage consistency is characterized in that, data acquisition chip is moved forward to bandpass filtering and intermediate frequency amplifier rear end, and the intermediate frequency analogue echoes signal that receives path is directly sampled;
Comprise data acquisition chip, digital signal processing chip, clock distribution and driver module, secondary power supply conversion module, interface circuit; Echo signal of intermediate frequency inputs to data acquisition chip through the SMA head; The data acquisition chip output is electrically connected with digital signal processing chip; Digital signal processing chip intercoms with program storage mutually; And be electrically connected with other SAR signal processing module through CPCI-J3, J4, J5 mouth, digital signal processing chip simultaneously through the CPCI Communications Control Interface through CPCI-J1, J2 mouth and main control computer two-way communication;
System sampling clock provides through the CPCI-J3 mouth, and input clock signal is delivered to data acquisition chip and digital signal processing chip respectively through clock distribution and driver module;
The secondary power supply module provides power supply for each parts.
2. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said data acquisition chip adopts the AT84AD001B of e2v company to do AD conversion chip, is a two-way A/D chip; Its quantity is monolithic or multi-disc.
3. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said digital signal processing chip is FPGA, ASIC or dsp chip.
4. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, its circuit board is the CPCI 6U integrated circuit board of standard,
5. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said digital signal processing chip is electrically connected with main control computer, SAR signal processing module, Communications Control Interface, is to connect through core bus, or connects through cable.
6. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts the digital mixing LPF to realize quadrature demodulation, or adopts digital interpolative method or Hilbert converter technique to realize digital quadrature demodulation; The numeric field SAR original video data that adopts the BAQ theoretical register to hand over demodulation to obtain is compressed, and requires data packing output according to the system interface data format.
7. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, its intermediate frequency signal processing allows to fall under the condition of sampling in signal bandwidth, adopts multinomial filter method to realize.
8. digital medium-frequency signal processing unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said program storage, and through digital signal processing chip is loaded different programs, the system handles reconfigurable function, relevant Processing tasks changes as required.
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CN108983237A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-11 山东航天电子技术研究所 A kind of spaceborne Ka wave band SAR Multichannel Digital Receiver
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CN107015202A (en) * 2016-01-27 2017-08-04 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 A kind of receiver data collecting system for ground radiometer
CN106911604A (en) * 2017-04-24 2017-06-30 深圳市统先科技股份有限公司 The demodulation method and device of modulated intermediate frequency signal
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CN108646302A (en) * 2018-03-23 2018-10-12 西安电子科技大学 A kind of SAR data compression method for underground structure detection
CN108646302B (en) * 2018-03-23 2019-07-16 西安电子科技大学 A kind of SAR data compression method for underground structure detection
CN108983237A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-11 山东航天电子技术研究所 A kind of spaceborne Ka wave band SAR Multichannel Digital Receiver
CN109525266A (en) * 2018-11-15 2019-03-26 上海航天电子有限公司 USB answering machine base band asic chip implementation method
CN112763983A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-05-07 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 Pairing device for secondary radar channel signals
CN112763983B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-04-26 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 Pairing device for secondary radar channel signals
CN114397660A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-26 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Processing method and processing chip for SAR real-time imaging
CN116106851A (en) * 2023-04-04 2023-05-12 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 Method and device for compressing raw data of synthetic aperture radar

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