CN102340244A - Multiphase DC-DC converter using zero voltage switching - Google Patents
Multiphase DC-DC converter using zero voltage switching Download PDFInfo
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- CN102340244A CN102340244A CN2011100869742A CN201110086974A CN102340244A CN 102340244 A CN102340244 A CN 102340244A CN 2011100869742 A CN2011100869742 A CN 2011100869742A CN 201110086974 A CN201110086974 A CN 201110086974A CN 102340244 A CN102340244 A CN 102340244A
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Abstract
A multiphase DC-DC converter including at least one conversion path, multiple switch capacitance networks, and a multiphase switch controller. Each conversion path includes first and second intermediate nodes. Each switch capacitance network includes a capacitance coupled in parallel with an electronic switch and is coupled to one of the intermediate nodes. The switch controller controls the switch capacitance networks using zero voltage switching. Multiple phases may be implemented as multiple conversion paths each having first and second intermediate nodes coupled to first and second switch capacitance networks, respectively. A single conversion path may be provided with multiple switch capacitance networks coupled to each intermediate node for multiple phases. Alternatively, a common front end with a first intermediate node is coupled to one or more switch capacitance networks followed by multiple back-end networks coupled in parallel for multiple phases. A regulator may be provided to regulate an output voltage.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application S/N 61/365 of submission on July 19th, 2010; The U.S. Provisional Application S/N 61/426 that on December 22nd, 523 and 2010 submitted to; 404 rights and interests, the full content of this application is incorporated into this from institute is intentional with purpose by reference.
The accompanying drawing summary
Can understand benefit of the present invention, characteristic and advantage better with reference to following description and accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to the single-phase DC-DC transducer of an embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the single-phase DC-DC transducer of Fig. 1 of an embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC converter of the phase network that comprises parallel coupled of an embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of Fig. 3 of an embodiment, and wherein N=3 is used for 3 phases;
Fig. 5 is the schematic block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC converter of another embodiment, comprises single transduction pathway, and wherein a plurality of first switched capacitor networks are coupled in parallel to first intermediate node and a plurality of second switch capacitance network is coupled in parallel to second intermediate node;
Fig. 6 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the multiphase converter of Fig. 5 that is used for the N=3 phase of an embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the schematic block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC converter of another embodiment, comprise with the similar public front end transduction pathway of transduction pathway shown in Figure 5 and with the similar a plurality of rear ends transduction pathway of the rearward end of Fig. 3;
Fig. 8 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter of Fig. 7 that is used for the M=N=3 phase of an embodiment;
Fig. 9 is the simplified block diagram that comprises the electronic equipment of the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster of realizing according to an embodiment, and it can comprise any multi-phase DC-DC converter embodiment described herein etc.;
Figure 10 is the simplified block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster of the adjuster network that is used to regulate output voltage comprising of an embodiment; And
Figure 11,12 and 13 is respectively the sequential chart in order to the operation of the adjuster network of Figure 10 of regulating output voltage that illustrates according to control of phase shift control, variable frequency and PWM control.
Embodiment
Those skilled in the art provide following description so that can make and utilize the present invention who is provided under application-specific and requirement background thereof.Yet the multiple modification of preferred embodiment will be significantly to those skilled in the art, and can the General Principle that this paper limited be applied to other embodiment.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be subject to shown in this paper and the specific embodiment of describing, and should give with this paper in the consistent wide region of the principle that discloses and novel feature.
Relate to like multi-phase DC-DC converter described herein and to comprise voltage regulator mode (VRM) server and other power management.Provide with high-frequency like multiphase converter described herein and to realize high efficiency ability, and can be used to the execution mode that has high input voltage and need not isolate.Adopt zero voltage switching (ZVS) like multiphase converter described herein.Improve gross efficiency and can be used to non-isolation high input voltage and low output voltage transducer owing to ZVS like multiphase converter described herein.Can use all to switch like heterogeneous conversion described herein than downside.Solved the high side drive problem of frequency applications like multiphase converter described herein.Provide N doubly to the heterogeneous configuration of switching frequency like multiphase converter described herein.Singlely can be operated in high relatively frequency mutually, such as 10 megahertzes (MHz), wherein a plurality of phases---for example N phase---are designed to N * 10MHz high-frequency operation (for example, 5 phase configuration are operated in 50MHz).High frequency makes it possible to use stray inductance and electric capacity.Converter topologies can be used to envelope-tracking.
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to the single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 of an embodiment.The DC input voltage VIN that input voltage source 101 forms with respect to earth terminal datum node (being illustrated as earth terminal).Datum node is illustrated as the earth terminal of " zero " volt or any other voltage level that those skilled in the art understands in this article.The ZVS operation is with respect to the reference voltage that is regarded as " zero " switching point, even if in fact reference voltage is not zero volt (V).VIN is provided for the end of inductor L, and the other end of this inductor L is coupled to first intermediate node 102 that forms voltage VC1.The drain coupled of electronic switch S1 is to node 102, and its source-coupled is to earth terminal.Capacitor C1 is coupling between node 102 and the earth terminal, and is therefore parallelly connected with drain electrode and the source electrode of S1.Switch S 1 is closed with capacitor C1 and is called switched capacitor network P1.Node 102 is coupled to the end of another inductor Lr, and the other end of this inductor Lr is coupled to the end of capacitor Cr.The other end of capacitor Cr be coupled to second intermediate node, 104, the second intermediate nodes 104 that form voltage VC2 further be coupled to another electronic switch S2 drain electrode, be coupled to the end of capacitor C2 and be coupled to the end of another inductor Lo.The source electrode of S2 and the other end of C2 all are coupled to earth terminal.Switch S 2 is with capacitor C2 parallel coupled and close and be called switched capacitor network P2.The other end of Lo is coupled to the output node that forms DC output voltage VO UT, and this output node is coupled to the end of output capacitor Cout.The other end of Cout is coupled to earth terminal.Switch control module 103 receive clock signal CLK, and also receive the voltage VC1 and the VC2 of intermediate node 102 and 104, and the first control signal S1C is provided and to the grid of S2 the second control signal S2C is provided to the grid of S1.S1 and S2 are illustrated as N-raceway groove (N-type) device, such as N-NMOS N-channel MOS N field-effect transistor (MOSFET), yet can contemplate the electronic switch of other type.
Fig. 2 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 of an embodiment.In Fig. 2, draw CLK, S1C, VC1, S2C and VC2 with respect to time relation.The CLK signal is provided at the pulse on the selected frequency of operation (such as 10MHz).Just before time t0, SC1 and SC2 are height, make switch S 1 and the equal conducting of S2, and it is low to make that VC1 and VC2 are.Each CLK pulse causes switch control module 103 that SC1 is dragged down, and turn-offs S1.Therefore, next the CLK pulse at time t0 drags down SC1 shutoff S1, the forward sine pulse 201 of this initiation VC1.In case when sine pulse 201 returns zero during at whenabouts t1, just SC1 is retracted height, makes S1 get back to conducting and S2 is dragged down, shutoff S2.When S2 is turned off, on VC2, initiate forward sine pulse 203.In case, just SC2 is retracted height, so that S2 gets back to conducting when the sine pulse of VC2 returns zero during at whenabouts t2.S1 and S2 all keep conducting up to next the CLK pulse at whenabouts t3, and it turn-offs S1 once more and repeats this circulation.Frequency so that CLK was set up continues such operation.As shown in the figure, the pulse of a pair of front-end and back-end appears for each circulation of CLK.
The sequential chart of Fig. 2 illustrates the basic handover operation according to the single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 of zero voltage switching, and this also generally is applied in the heterogeneous configuration that further describes like this paper.The switch of each (for example, S1, S2) is turned off so that corresponding capacitor (for example, C1, C2) is inserted into the circuit between corresponding intermediate node (for example, 102,104) and the earth terminal effectively in the switched capacitor network (for example, P1, P2).Therefore each switch is switched on to walk around corresponding capacitor effectively and with corresponding intermediate node ground connection (or on the contrary this node being coupled to reference voltage level).Can increase various controlling schemes with the adjustment operation, thus the NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER amount between the control input and output, such as purpose from least one operating parameter of adjusting.Operating parameter through regulating can comprise: for example, and the frequency level of the voltage level of output voltage, the current level of output current, operation etc.A kind of control method is variable frequency control.In some specific embodiment, for example, the frequency of CLK can change according to the variable frequency controlling mechanism.Another kind of control method is phase shift control.In some specific embodiment, for example, the constant time lag of the shutoff of the switch S 2 of by-pass cock capacitance network P2 is to be used for phase shift control.Another kind of control method is pulse width modulation (PWM) control.In some specific embodiment, for example, the constant time lag of the shutoff of the switch S 1 of by-pass cock capacitance network P1 is to be used for PWM control.
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 of an embodiment.The DC input voltage VIN that input voltage source 301 forms with respect to earth terminal.In this case; VIN is offered " N " phase network of parallel coupled; Each phase network is to dispose with single-phase DC-DC transducer 100 essentially identical modes; Wherein each phase network be coupling in from the VIN of voltage source 301 and form with respect between the public output capacitance Cout of the DC output voltage VO UT of earth terminal therefore, although not shown, each in the phase network 1 to N comprises one of N the correspondence in the parallelly connected switching network; Each transduction pathway is similar to the transduction pathway of transducer 100, and it comprises independent inductance, electric capacity and corresponding intermediate node.Equally, each phase network comprises the P1 that is similar to transducer 100 and the front-end and back-end switched capacitor network of P2.
As shown in the figure, with VIN offer 2 307 the input mutually of mutually 1 305 the input of the first phase network, the second phase network, or the like up to offering last phase network phase N 309.N is the positive integer greater than 1, can contemplate the phase (2 or more) of any feasible number thus.Therefore, although illustrate 3 phases (1,2 ... N), yet depend on that customized configuration can use the phase of any amount.Heterogeneous switch control module 303 receive clock signal NCLK; Receive mutually in 1 to N the voltage VC1X of each each first intermediate node in mutually; Receive mutually in 1 to N the voltage VC2X of each each second intermediate node in mutually; Control signal S1C1/S2C1 is offered phase 1305, control signal S1C2/S2C2 is offered phase 2307 or the like, up to control signal S1CN/S2CN being offered last phase network phase N 309.Although clearly do not illustrate; But the switching of that pair of switches capacitance network in the control signal S1C1/S2C1 control phase 1305; Switching of that pair of switches capacitance network in the control signal S1C2/S2C2 control phase 2307 or the like; Up to control signal S1CN/S2CN, it controls the switching of that pair of switches capacitance network in the phase N 309.The frequency of title " NCLK " expression NCLK is that N is doubly to the frequency of single-phase clock signal.The index from 1 to N represented in the suffix of the voltage of each intermediate node " X ".Therefore each phase network is operated in the 1/N frequency of NCLK.For example, if each phase network 1 to N is configured for the clock frequency of 10MHz, then NCLK have N * 10MHz frequency (for example, for 3 phases, NCLK=3 * 10MHz-30MHz).
In one embodiment, heterogeneous switch control module 303 is configurable is paired in the operation that commutation is taken turns in heterogeneous operation in a looping fashion.Therefore; First pulse of NCLK causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 controls to be used for 1305 S1C1/S2C1 mutually; Next pulse of NCLK causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 controls to be used for S1C2/S2C2 of second phase network phase 2307 or the like, up to the S1CN/S2CN that controls last or N phase network 309.Operational cycle is returned the first phase network then, and operation is recycled and reused for heterogeneous operation in a looping fashion.In one embodiment, heterogeneous switch control module 303 comprises (not shown) such as ring counter.Can contemplate the operation scheme of replacement, such as order or the operation mutually of non-order, operation etc. mutually simultaneously.
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 of an embodiment, and wherein N=3 is used for 3 phases.Draw the NCLK signal with respect to time relation figure, wherein switch controlling signal S1C1 and S2C1 be used for mutually 1, S1C2 and S2C2 be used for mutually 2 and S1C3 and S2C3 be used for mutually 3.NCLK is a master clock signal, and the N pulse doubly of the speed of each single-phase network as previously mentioned is provided.It is 1 to 3 that clock pulse numbers in order, with the phase of indication operation.First and second intermediate node voltage VC1X of each phase in the phase 1 to N and the corresponding preceding and rear end sine pulse of VC2X have also been drawn.Therefore, first mutually 1 comprises that intermediate node voltage VC11 and VC21, second 2 comprise intermediate node voltage VC12 and VC22 mutually, and third phase 3 comprises intermediate node voltage VC13 and VC23.
Just before initial time t0, the S1CX of each phase network and S2CX are high, make the equal conducting of front-end and back-end switch-capacitor network of each phase network.At time t0, the NCLK pulse occurs, and makes the S1C1 step-down, initiates the forward sine pulse 401 on the VC11 of front end place of the first phase network.At later time t1, the sine pulse 401 at the front end place of the first phase network returns zero, causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 S1C1 to be drawn high so that first switch is got back to conducting, accomplishes the first front end pulse 401.At time t1, S2C1 is dragged down equally, and turn-offing the second switch in the first phase network, this initiates the forward sine pulse 403 on the rear end VC21 of the first phase network.At later time t2, the sine pulse 403 at the front end place of the first phase network returns zero, causes heterogeneous switch control module 303 that S2C1 is drawn high turn-offing the second switch in the first phase network, thereby accomplishes rear end pulse 403.At this moment, the front-end and back- end sine pulse 401 and 403 of first phase has been accomplished, and two internal switches all return conducting up to being used for next NCLK pulse of 1 mutually.
As shown in the figure, begin to utilize control signal S1C2 and S2C2 for 2 repeating this operation mutually at time t3.Control signal S1C2 and S2C2 counter-rotating, obtained the front end sine pulse 405 between time t3 and the t4 and between time t4 and t5 rear end sine pulse 407.Just after time t5, the front-end and back- end sine pulse 405 and 407 of second phase has been accomplished, and two internal switches all return conducting up to being used for next NCLK pulse of 2 mutually.As shown in the figure, begin to utilize control signal S1C3 and S2C3 for 3 repeating this operation mutually at time t6.Control signal S1C3 and S2C3 reverse in a similar manner, obtained the front end sine pulse 409 between time t6 and the t7 and between time t7 and t8 rear end sine pulse 411.Just after time t8, the front-end and back- end sine pulse 409 and 411 of third phase has been accomplished, and two internal switches all return conducting up to being used for next NCLK pulse of 3 mutually.Operation turns back to first phase 1 then, begin with next NCLK pulse, and operation repeats to each mutually.Can adjust operation according to conditioning desired scheme (such as the control of, variable frequency, phase shift control, PWM control etc.).
Fig. 5 is the schematic block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC converter 500 of another embodiment.The input voltage VIN that input voltage source 501 forms with respect to earth terminal.VIN is provided for the end of inductor L, and the other end of this inductor L is coupled to first intermediate node 502 that forms voltage VC1.Electronic switch S1 and capacitor C1 are coupled in parallel between node 502 and the earth terminal, form switched capacitor network P11 with the essentially identical mode of switched capacitor network P1 with aforementioned transducer 100.Also comprise similar second switch capacitance network P12, and second switch capacitance network P12 is coupling between node 502 and the earth terminal.Can comprise any N switched capacitor network, up to N switched capacitor network P1N, each switched capacitor network all is coupling between node 502 and the earth terminal.Switched capacitor network P12-P1N comprises electronic switch and the capacitor with the basic identical mode of switched capacitor network P11 separately.
The similar part of transducer 500 and transducer 100 is that it comprises the single transduction pathway between VIN and the VOUT, and this transduction pathway comprises inductance L, Lr and Lo, capacitor C r and forms the intermediate node 502 and 504 of voltage VC1 and VC2.Yet transducer 500 comprises and is coupling in a plurality of switched capacitor network P11-P1N between first intermediate node and the earth terminal and is coupling in the other a plurality of switched capacitor network P21-P2N between second intermediate node 504 and the earth terminal.Heterogeneous switch control module 503 provides control signal S1X with control switch capacitance network P11-P1N, and provides control signal S2X with control switch capacitance network P21-P2N, thereby control is from the DC-DC voltage transitions of VIN to VOUT.
Fig. 6 is the sequential chart for the operation of the multiphase converter 500 of N=3 phase that illustrates according to an embodiment, and wherein switched capacitor network P13 has replaced P1N and switched capacitor network P23 has replaced P2N.In Fig. 6, control signal S11-S13 and S21-S23 were drawn with respect to the time, and wherein each control signal is distinguished one corresponding among control switch capacitance network P11-P13 and the P21-P23.Voltage VC1 and VC2 also under control signal, have been drawn.Operating in of multiphase converter 500 is similar to single phase converter 100 in a way, except heterogeneous switch control module 503 according to heterogeneous operation-control switch capacitance network P11-P13 and P21-P23.In one embodiment, for example, operation can be rotated between a plurality of switches are to (for example, P11 and P21, P12 and P22 and P13 and P23) by endless form.The sine pulse of switch and correspondence is similar to illustrated in fig. 4, and wherein each is accomplished between the NCLK circulation.The parallel connection configuration of given multiphase converter 500; Yet; Among the switched capacitor network P11-P13 of front end each is all broken off initiating the front end sine pulse for each pulse of NCLK, and among the switched capacitor network P21-P23 of rear end each is all broken off to initiate the rear end sine pulse.
At time t0, first pulse appears on the NCLK.From previous circulation for high S11 at the time t0 step-down, turn-offing P11, thereby on VC1, initiate the first front end sine pulse.At time t0, S21 is high, makes P21 be conducting from the previous cycle.At later time t1, the first front end sine pulse is accomplished, and makes VC1 turn back to zero.In this case, be not that S11 returns height at time t1, but operation is by turns, accomplish the first front end pulse thereby make the S12 of next phase drawn high with conducting P12.Equally, at time t1, the S21 step-down, with shutoff P21, and because P22 and P23 also break off, so initiate the first rear end sine pulse on the VC2 at time t1.When at later time t2, when the first last rear end sine pulse of VC2 returns zero, be not that P21 is retracted height, thereby but operation by turns S22 drawn high with conducting P22, thereby accomplish the first rear end pulse of CLK circulation.In the 2nd NCLK pulse when time t3, S12 is dragged down with shutoff P12, thereby initiates the second front end sine pulse on the VC1.At time t4, the second last front end sine pulse of VC1 returns zero, thereby and S13 drawn high with conducting P13 and accomplished the second front end pulse.At time t4, S22 is dragged down with shutoff P22 equally, thereby initiates the second rear end pulse on the VC2.When returning zero at the time t5 second rear end sine pulse, S23 is drawn high with conducting P23, thereby accomplishes the second rear end pulse.Repetitive operation by this way between a plurality of phases of heterogeneous operation, to rotate, obtains VC1 as shown in the figure and the front-end and back-end sine pulse on the VC2.Can contemplate the replacement operation scheme, such as order or the operation mutually of non-order, operation etc. mutually simultaneously.Equally, can adjust operation according to conditioning desired scheme (such as the control of, variable frequency, phase shift control, PWM control etc.).
Multi-phase DC-DC converter 500 provides the advantage of the size that reduces front end inductor L, because it is operated in N doubly to single-phase frequency.A problem about multi-phase DC-DC converter 500 is the most of or whole operating current of each switch experience in the switched capacitor network, therefore uses bigger switch.
Fig. 7 is the schematic block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 of another embodiment.The front end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 is substantially similar to the front end of multiphase converter 500; The front end of multiphase converter 500 comprises to input inductor L to be provided the voltage source 501 of VIN and is coupling in N switched capacitor network P11-P1N between intermediate node 502 and the earth terminal, and wherein node 502 forms voltage VC1.Yet, the rear end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 comprise with the M of the similar mode parallel coupled of multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 shown in Figure 3 mutually network 705,707 ... 709.N and M all are the integers greater than zero, and they can be identical or can be different.Among the phase network 705-709 each is disposed with the back-end network 107 essentially identical modes with single-phase DC-DC transducer 100; Be used to receive the shared input node 502 of VC1 and to the shared output capacitor Cout of all mutually shared formation except comprising with respect to the output voltage VO UT of earth terminal.Multi-phase DC-DC converter 700 comprises heterogeneous switch control module 703, and this heterogeneous switch control module 703 receives NCLK and VC1 and forward end switched capacitor network P11-P1N with the heterogeneous switch control module 503 similar modes with multi-phase DC-DC converter 500 control signal S1X is provided.In addition, heterogeneous switch control module 703 (from the corresponding intermediate node of phase network 1-M) receive VC2X and with the similar mode of the rear end control signal of multi-phase DC-DC converter 300 to the back-end mutually network 705-709 S2CX is provided control signal.
Fig. 8 is the sequential chart that illustrates according to the operation of the multi-phase DC-DC converter that is used for the M=N=3 phase 700 of an embodiment.The operation of the front end of multiphase converter 700 is substantially similar to the operation of the front end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 500, and the operation of rear end is substantially similar to the operation of the rear end of multi-phase DC-DC converter 300.As shown in the figure, with the front end pulse that is used on node 502, generating VC1 shown in Figure 6 essentially identical mode control signal S11, S12 and the S13 that will be used for front end draw with respect to the time together with NCLK.Equally, with shown in Figure 3 be used for generating on the second intermediate node VC2X in corresponding network mutually the rear end pulse essentially identical mode to draw the control signal S2C1, S2C2 and the S2C3 that are used for back-end network corresponding.The rear end pulse is shown as and is plotted on the aggregate signal " VC2X ", wherein should understand in one corresponding in the phase network 1 to M that each rear end pulse appears at transducer 700.The rear end pulse with and the similar mode that is used for transducer 300 as shown in Figure 4 between back-end network by turns.Front network operates in N times on single-phase frequency, and each phase network operation of rear end is on single-phase frequency.Operation is to rotate between the network a plurality of with top described essentially identical mode mutually.Can contemplate the replacement operation scheme, such as order or the operation mutually of non-order, operation etc. mutually simultaneously.Equally, can adjust operation according to conditioning desired scheme (such as the control of, variable frequency, phase shift control, PWM control etc.).
The advantage that multiphase converter 700 provides input or front end inductor L size to reduce is because operate in N doubly on single-phase frequency.Although the switch of Head switches capacitance network is because the bigger magnitude of current and bigger, however the switch size of single phase network 705-709 can reduce because each generally shares load current mutually between a plurality of phases.In one embodiment, the number of phases N of front end can be different from the number of phases M of rear end, as long as both sum frequencys are identical.For example, the number of phases of front end can reduce and even can have single (for example, N=1).Front end can have the individual phase of 2 (N=2) and the rear end can have 4 phases (M=4), and wherein each front end operates on 1/2 the sum frequency and each rear end operates in 1/4 sum frequency mutually mutually.Front end can have 2 phases and the rear end can have 6 phases (M=6), and wherein each front end operates on 1/2 the sum frequency and each rear end mutually and operates in mutually on 1/3 the sum frequency.Front end can have 3 phases (N=3) and the rear end can have 6 phases (M=6), and wherein each front end operates on 1/2 the sum frequency and each rear end mutually and operates in mutually on 1/6 the sum frequency.Can contemplate multiple other similar combination of N and M.
Fig. 9 is the simplified block diagram that comprises the electronic equipment 900 of the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster of realizing according to an embodiment 907.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 can be included in any of this described transducer embodiment, such as in multi-phase DC-DC converter 300,500,700 or its modification any, and also comprises according to the adjuster at this any regulation scheme that further describes.Electronic equipment 900 can be from multiple source any received power, for example from interchange (AC) plug 901 that AC line voltage VAC is provided or the battery 903 that cell voltage VBAT is provided, or from other power supply.AC plug (if providing) is configured to insert that the AC socket is used to receive AC line voltage and AC line voltage offered the input of electronic equipment 900.Battery 903 (if providing) can be integrated or removable and can be chargeable.One of VAC and VBAT or both are provided for power converter 905, and this power converter 905 offers multi-phase DC-DC converter 907 with unadjusted dc voltage VIN.Therefore, power converter 905 has been realized any in input voltage source 101,301 or 501 etc.In one embodiment, VIN is unadjusted, because it has the voltage level of the size that depends on VAC or type or has the voltage level that depends on VBAT, this voltage level can be depending on the charge level of battery 903 and changes.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 converts VIN to, and the output dc voltage VOUT that will be somebody's turn to do through regulating offers the main system 909 in the electronic equipment 900.
Main system 909 disposes according to the particular type of electronic equipment 900, and is included as the function that realizes electronic equipment 900 and the combination in any of the equipment that disposes, circuit, assembly, software, firmware, system etc.Electronic equipment 900 is one of consumption, commerce or industrial equipment or products of any type; Such as electrical equipment (for example; Refrigerator, microwave oven, dishwasher, cleaning machine, drying machine, coffee stove etc.), computer and the office automation system (for example; Desktop computer, monitor, notebook, external disk drive, printer, facsimile machine etc.), audio/video (A/V) product (for example; TV, stereo system, iPod docking station, media player etc.), communication equipment (for example, STB, cable modem, wire/wireless access/communication equipment etc.), industrial control system, medical supply and machine etc.This product inventory is not intended to exhaustive, thereby can contemplate consumption, commerce or the industrial electrical equipment of any type.Be included in electronic systems in the electronic equipment 900 and comprise suitable electronic equipment and/or subsystem, assembly, cable etc., such as any one or more combination in any in memory device, controller, microprocessor, the coprocessor etc.
Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 is particularly suitable for low pressure drop, and (Low Drop-Out, LDO) replacement is used, such as medical instrument or such as limited space equipment such as cell phones.The soft handover property list of multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 (comprising the transducer of being realized according among any embodiment described herein) reveals less conduction and radiated noise, the low output ripple on the electromagnetic interference that is used to reduce (EM) radiation and/or the VOUT.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 is operable on the relative high frequency rate (the for example megahertz range of MHz switching frequencies such as 1,10,50) of electric pressure converter, and this has reduced output ripple to the low relatively level of VOUT significantly.
Figure 10 is the simplified block diagram according to the multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 of an embodiment.Multi-phase DC-DC adjuster 907 comprises multi-phase DC-DC converter 1001, it based in foregoing multi-phase DC-DC converter 300,500,700 or its modification any and realize.VOUT is offered output network 1003, and this output network 1003 can comprise one or more load equipments and can comprise other circuit unit, such as comprising output capacitor Cout and/or other output equipment.VOUT is offered adjuster network 1005, adjuster network 1005 is further offered at least one input of multi-phase DC-DC converter 1001.Adjuster network 1005 sensing VOUT (and further other output parameter of sensing, for example output current) also control multi-phase DC-DC converter 1001 from the purpose of regulating VOUT.Can adjuster network 1005 further be configured to regulate or otherwise control other output parameter such as output current etc.Adjuster network 1005 control is such as according to the heterogeneous switch control module in any multi-phase DC-DC converter that disposes 1001 in the aforementioned control module 303,503,703.
Figure 11,12 and 13 is respectively the sequential chart in order to the operation of the adjuster network 1005 of regulating VOUT that illustrates according to control of phase shift control, variable frequency and PWM control.This sequential chart is simplified and representes according to any the operation in aforementioned a plurality of heterogeneous schemes.In each case, clock signal clk is drawn with respect to the time together with SWIN, VCIN, SWOUT and VCOUT.The one or more clock signals of CLK signal indication (for example, CLK or NCLK etc.).SWIN represent front network one or more switches (for example be used for each phase of 300 105 or at the switched capacitor network P11-P1N at 500 or 700 front end place) handoff functionality.SWOUT represent back-end network one or more switches (for example be used for each phase of 300 107 or at one or more switched capacitor network P21-P2N of the rear end of each mutually of 500 or 700) handoff functionality.VCIN represent one or more front end intermediate nodes each voltage (for example, 102 of each phase of 300, or 500 or 700 502).VCOUT represent one or more rear ends intermediate node each voltage (for example, 104 of each phase of 300 or 700, or 500 504).
Shown in figure 11, a series of arrows 1100 are shown so that phase shift control to be shown for each each falling edge that circulates in SWOUT.In order to make the NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER maximization,,, VCIN just turn-offs (step-down) in case dropping to zero SWOUT with similar foregoing mode.For phase shift control, switch constant time lag that (as being represented by SWOUT) turn-off is passed to output with control energy at the rear end part of the arrow 1100 expression control multi-phase DC-DC converters 1001 of each falling edge of SWOUT.The controlled constant time lag of SWOUT has realized being used to control or otherwise regulate the phase shift control of the output parameter such as VOUT.
Shown in figure 12, a series of arrows 1200 for each pulse of CLK are shown so that variable frequency control to be shown.In order to increase NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER, the frequency of CLK is lowered, and the NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER in order to reduce, and the frequency of CLK is increased.Therefore, the variable frequency of arrow 1200 expression CLK.The controlled frequency of CLK has realized being used to control or otherwise regulate the variable frequency control of the output parameter such as VOUT.
Shown in figure 13, a series of arrows 1300 are shown so that PWM control to be shown for each each rising edge place that circulates in SWIN.In order to make the NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER maximization, with similar foregoing mode, in case VCIN drops to zero SWIN with regard to conducting (uprising).For PWM control, the constant time lag of switching (as being represented by SWIN) conducting at the fore-end of the arrow 1300 expression control multi-phase DC-DC converters 1001 at each rising edge place of SWIN is passed to the amount of the energy of output with control.The controlled constant time lag of SWIN has realized being used to control or otherwise regulate the PWM control of the output parameter such as VOUT.
Though described in detail the present invention with reference to some preferred version of the present invention, can conceive other possible version and modification.Those of ordinary skills should be understood that; They can easily utilize disclosed notion and specific embodiment as basic engineering or revise other structure so that identical purpose of the present invention to be provided, and this does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the following claims.
Claims (20)
1. one kind is used for comprising importing the multi-phase DC-DC converter that dc voltage converts output dc voltage to:
Be used to receive the input node and the output node that is used to provide output dc voltage of input dc voltage, each is all with respect to the reference voltage on the datum node;
Be coupling at least one transduction pathway between the said input and output node, each said transduction pathway comprises:
Be arranged at least one input inductance between one of the correspondence of said input node and at least one first intermediate node;
At least one middle inductor and the corresponding electric capacity of series coupled between one of the correspondence of first intermediate node of correspondence and at least one second intermediate node; And
Be coupling at least one outputting inductance between the said output node and corresponding second intermediate node;
At least one first switched capacitor network, each first switched capacitor network comprises the electronic switch with the electric capacity parallel coupled, and each first switched capacitor network is coupling between corresponding first intermediate node and said datum node;
A plurality of second switch capacitance networks, each second switch capacitance network comprises the electronic switch with the electric capacity parallel coupled, and each second switch capacitance network is coupling between corresponding second intermediate node and said datum node; And
Heterogeneous on-off controller, said heterogeneous on-off controller is controlled each in said at least one first switched capacitor network and said a plurality of second capacitance network based on the zero voltage switching with respect to the voltage of said at least one first intermediate node and said at least one second intermediate node.
2. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Said at least one transduction pathway comprises a plurality of transduction pathway;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises a plurality of first switched capacitor networks;
In wherein said a plurality of transduction pathway each comprises:
Be coupled in said a plurality of first switched capacitor network one first intermediate node of correspondence of a plurality of first intermediate nodes of corresponding one;
Be coupled in said a plurality of second switch capacitance network one second intermediate node of correspondence of a plurality of second intermediate nodes of corresponding one; And
Wherein said a plurality of first switched capacitor network and said a plurality of second switch capacitance network comprise that jointly a plurality of switched capacitor networks are right, and each switched capacitor network is to first switched capacitor network that comprises first intermediate node that is coupled to the corresponding conversion path and the second switch capacitance network that is coupled to second intermediate node in said corresponding conversion path; And
Wherein for right each of said a plurality of switched capacitor networks; Said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of first switched capacitor network of a correspondence in response to the pulse of clock signal; When first intermediate node of correspondence turns back to about said reference voltage, make the said switch of first switched capacitor network of a said correspondence return conducting and turn-off the switch of the second switch capacitance network of a correspondence, and when the second corresponding intermediate node turns back to about said reference voltage, make the said switch of the second switch capacitance network of a said correspondence return conducting.
3. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Said at least one transduction pathway comprises single transduction pathway, and said single transduction pathway comprises first intermediate node and second intermediate node;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises a plurality of first switched capacitor networks that are coupled in parallel to said first intermediate node;
Wherein said a plurality of second switch capacitance network is coupled in parallel to said second intermediate node; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any first switched capacitor network in said a plurality of first switched capacitor networks in each pulse of clock signal; The switch of one of said a plurality of first switched capacitor networks of conducting when said first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero; When said first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero with said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks in the switch of conducting of any second switch capacitance network turn-off, and turn back to about switch of one of said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks of conducting when zero when said second intermediate node.
4. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Said at least one transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupling in the input inductance between said input node and shared first intermediate node;
A plurality of middle inductors and corresponding electric capacity, each is coupled in series between one of the correspondence of said shared first intermediate node and a plurality of second intermediate nodes; And
A plurality of outputting inductances, each is coupling between one of the correspondence of said output node and said a plurality of second intermediate nodes;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network is coupled to said shared first intermediate node;
Each of wherein said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks is coupled to one second intermediate node of correspondence of said a plurality of second intermediate nodes; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any first switched capacitor network in said at least one first switched capacitor network in each pulse of clock signal; The switch of one of said at least one first switched capacitor network of conducting when said shared first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero; The switch that one of when said shared first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero, turn-offs in said a plurality of second switch capacitance network, and turn back to the switch of one of said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks of conducting when approximately zero when the second corresponding intermediate node.
5. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that; Said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises first switched capacitor network of first quantity; Wherein said a plurality of second switch capacitance network comprises first switched capacitor network of second quantity, and wherein said first quantity is different with second quantity.
6. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises being coupled to the adjuster network that said heterogeneous on-off controller is used to regulate output dc voltage.
7. multi-phase DC-DC converter as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that said adjuster is controlled according to phase shift and operated.
8. electronic equipment comprises:
The power converter of input dc voltage is provided;
Said input dc voltage is converted to the multi-phase DC-DC converter of output dc voltage;
The main system of utilizing said output dc voltage to operate; And
Wherein said multi-phase DC-DC converter comprises:
Be coupling at least one transduction pathway between the said input and output dc voltage, each said transduction pathway comprises:
Be arranged at least one input inductance between one of the correspondence of said input node and at least one first intermediate node;
At least one middle inductor and the corresponding electric capacity of series coupled between one of the correspondence of first intermediate node of correspondence and at least one second intermediate node; And
Be coupling at least one outputting inductance between the said output node and corresponding second intermediate node;
At least one first switched capacitor network, each first switched capacitor network comprises the electronic switch with the electric capacity parallel coupled, and each first switched capacitor network is coupling between corresponding first intermediate node and said datum node;
A plurality of second switch capacitance networks, each second switch capacitance network comprises the electronic switch with the electric capacity parallel coupled, and each second switch capacitance network is coupling between corresponding second intermediate node and said datum node; And
Heterogeneous on-off controller, said heterogeneous on-off controller utilization is controlled each in said at least one first switched capacitor network and said a plurality of second capacitance network based on the zero voltage switching of the voltage of said at least one first intermediate node and said at least one second intermediate node.
9. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:
Said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises a plurality of first switched capacitor networks;
Wherein said at least one transduction pathway comprises a plurality of transduction pathway, and each transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupled in said a plurality of first switched capacitor network one first intermediate node of correspondence of a plurality of first intermediate nodes of corresponding one;
Be coupled in said a plurality of second switch capacitance network one second intermediate node of correspondence of a plurality of second intermediate nodes of corresponding one; And
Wherein said a plurality of first switched capacitor network and said a plurality of second switch capacitance network comprise that jointly a plurality of switched capacitor networks are right, and each switched capacitor network is to first switched capacitor network that comprises first intermediate node that is coupled to the corresponding conversion path and the second switch capacitance network that is coupled to second intermediate node in said corresponding conversion path; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller sequentially switches right each of said a plurality of switched capacitor network based on clock signal; Wherein for each of said a plurality of switched capacitor network centerings; Said a plurality of on-off controller turn-offs the switch of first switched capacitor network of a correspondence in response to the pulse of said clock signal; When first intermediate node of correspondence turns back to about said reference voltage, make the said switch of one first switched capacitor network of said correspondence return conducting and turn-off the switch of the second switch capacitance network of a correspondence, and when the second corresponding intermediate node returns approximately to said reference voltage, make the said switch of the second switch capacitance network of a said correspondence return conducting.
10. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:
Said at least one transduction pathway comprises single transduction pathway, and said single transduction pathway comprises first intermediate node and second intermediate node;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises a plurality of first switched capacitor networks that are coupled in parallel to said first intermediate node;
Wherein said a plurality of second switch capacitance network is coupled in parallel to said second intermediate node; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller is sequentially operated each of said a plurality of first and second switched capacitor networks based on clock signal; Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any first switched capacitor network in said a plurality of first switched capacitor networks when each pulse of said clock signal; The said switch of one of said a plurality of first switched capacitor networks of conducting when said first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero; When said first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero, turn-off in said a plurality of second switch capacitance network the said switch of any, and turn back to the said switch of one of said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks of conducting when approximately zero when said second intermediate node.
11. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that:
Said at least one transduction pathway comprises:
Be coupling in the input inductance between said input node and shared first intermediate node;
A plurality of middle inductors and corresponding electric capacity, each is coupled in series between one of the correspondence of said shared first intermediate node and a plurality of second intermediate nodes; And
A plurality of outputting inductances, each is coupling between one of the correspondence of said output node and said a plurality of second intermediate nodes;
Wherein said at least one first switched capacitor network is coupled to said shared first intermediate node;
Each of wherein said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks is coupled to one of the correspondence of said a plurality of second intermediate nodes; And
Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller is sequentially operated each of said at least one first switched capacitor network and said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks based on clock signal; Wherein said heterogeneous on-off controller turn-offs the switch of the conducting of any first switched capacitor network in said at least one first switched capacitor network when each pulse of said clock signal; The switch of one of said at least one first switched capacitor network of conducting when said shared first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero; The said switch that one of when said shared first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero, turn-offs in said a plurality of second switch capacitance network, and turn back to the said switch of one of said a plurality of second switch capacitance networks of conducting when approximately zero when the second corresponding intermediate node.
12. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 11; It is characterized in that; Said at least one first switched capacitor network comprises first switched capacitor network of first quantity; Wherein said a plurality of second switch capacitance network comprises first switched capacitor network of second quantity, and wherein said first quantity is different with second quantity.
13. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises the adjuster network that is coupled to said DC-DC transducer and regulates said output dc voltage.
14. electronic equipment as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, one of the network based phase shift control of said adjuster, variable frequency control and pulse width modulation controlled are operated.
15. will import input dc voltage that the node place receives and convert to for one kind, comprise in the method that provides on the output node with respect to the output dc voltage of the reference voltage on the datum node:
At least one transduction pathway is provided between the input and output node; Comprise at least one input inductance is coupling in input node and at least one first intermediate node between corresponding one first intermediate node; At least one middle inductor and corresponding capacitances in series are coupling between one second intermediate node of correspondence of the first corresponding intermediate node and at least one second intermediate node, and at least one outputting inductance is coupling between corresponding second intermediate node and output node;
At least one first capacitive coupling is coupling between corresponding second intermediate node and datum node between first intermediate node of correspondence and datum node and with in a plurality of second electric capacity each;
With in a plurality of electronic switches each with at least one first electric capacity in each first electric capacity and the corresponding parallel coupled in each second electric capacity in a plurality of second electric capacity; And
Zero voltage switching based on respect to the voltage of at least one first intermediate node and at least one second intermediate node optionally activates said a plurality of switch.
16. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that:
Said provide at least one transduction pathway to comprise to provide a plurality of transduction pathway, said a plurality of transduction pathway to comprise a plurality of first intermediate nodes and a plurality of second intermediate node are provided;
Wherein said coupling first and second electric capacity comprise between one first intermediate node of correspondence and datum node of being coupling in one first electric capacity of the correspondence in a plurality of first electric capacity in a plurality of first intermediate nodes; And with in one second intermediate node of the correspondence of one second capacitive coupling of the correspondence in a plurality of second electric capacity in a plurality of second intermediate nodes and datum node between; And
Wherein said optionally the activation comprises in response to the pulse-off of clock signal first switch parallelly connected with first electric capacity; When first intermediate node of correspondence turns back to about reference voltage, turn-off the corresponding second switch of first switch and conducting, and when the second corresponding intermediate node returns approximately to reference voltage the second switch of conducting correspondence.
17. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that:
Saidly provide at least one transduction pathway to comprise single transduction pathway is provided, said single transduction pathway comprises first intermediate node and second intermediate node;
Wherein said coupling first and second electric capacity comprise a plurality of first capacitive coupling between first intermediate node and datum node, and with a plurality of second capacitive coupling between second intermediate node and datum node; And
Wherein said optionally activate in each pulse be included in clock signal will with first switch conduction of the shutoff of any parallel coupled in a plurality of first electric capacity;, turn-offs first intermediate node first switch when turning back to approximately zero; When first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero will with the second switch conducting of the shutoff of any parallel coupled in a plurality of second electric capacity, and when second intermediate node turns back to approximately zero, turn-off and the second switch of one of a plurality of second electric capacity parallel coupled.
18. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that:
Saidly provide at least one transduction pathway to comprise input inductance is coupling between input node and shared first intermediate node; Each and corresponding capacitances in series in a plurality of middle inductors are coupling between one second intermediate node of correspondence of shared first intermediate node and a plurality of second intermediate nodes, and in a plurality of outputting inductances each is coupling between one second intermediate node of correspondence in output node and a plurality of second intermediate node;
Wherein said coupling first and second electric capacity comprise at least one first inductance coupling high between shared first intermediate node and datum node, and one of the correspondence in a plurality of second inductance are coupling between one of the correspondence and datum node in a plurality of second intermediate nodes; And
Wherein said optionally activate in each pulse be included in clock signal will with first switch conduction of the shutoff of any parallel coupled at least one first electric capacity;, turn-offs first intermediate node first switch when turning back to approximately zero; The second switch of conducting and one of a plurality of second electric capacity parallel coupled when shared first intermediate node turns back to approximately zero, and turn back to shutoff second switch when approximately zero when the second corresponding intermediate node.
19. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, comprises also that control is said optionally to activate said a plurality of switch to regulate output dc voltage.
20. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, said control comprises controlling according to one of the control of phase shift control, variable frequency and phase width modulation control and saidly optionally activates said a plurality of switch to regulate output dc voltage.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36553210P | 2010-07-19 | 2010-07-19 | |
| US61/365,532 | 2010-07-19 | ||
| US201061426404P | 2010-12-22 | 2010-12-22 | |
| US61/426,404 | 2010-12-22 | ||
| US13/013,963 US8415936B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2011-01-26 | Multiphase DC-DC converter using zero voltage switching |
| US13/013,963 | 2011-01-26 |
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| CN102340244A true CN102340244A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
| CN102340244B CN102340244B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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| US10128625B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2018-11-13 | General Electric Company | Bus bar and power electronic device with current shaping terminal connector and method of making a terminal connector |
| CN115208187A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-18 | 圣邦微电子（北京）股份有限公司 | Power conversion circuit of multi-phase power supply, multi-phase power supply and control method of multi-phase power supply |
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| CN115208187A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-18 | 圣邦微电子（北京）股份有限公司 | Power conversion circuit of multi-phase power supply, multi-phase power supply and control method of multi-phase power supply |
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