CN102333089A - Adaptive control method of multi-rate media stream based on hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streaming - Google Patents
Adaptive control method of multi-rate media stream based on hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streaming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an adaptive control method of multi-rate media stream based on hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streaming, and relates to the technical field of media transfer. The adaptive control method is applied to a multi-rate adaptive transmission system based on HTTP streaming. The adaptive control method comprises the following steps: a client side requests a media stream slice through an HTTP and meanwhile estimates the current available bandwidth according to the bit rate, duration and receipt time for the current media stream slice; the client side estimates the current cached play time according to the difference value of request time for two continuous media stream slices and the difference value of timestamps; and the client side determines the quality grade of next media stream slice requested according to the current available bandwidth and the cached play time. The adaptive control method has the beneficial effects that bandwidth is effectively utilized and user experiences are enhanced maximally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the media transport technology field, particularly based on the media delivery adaptive control algorithm of HTTP (HTTP) fluidisation.
Background technology
Http protocol is to be used for browsing page at first, the agreement of transmission text.So, the network traffics that HTTP relates to are very little, therefore obviously not too are fit to the bigger video of flow and download and transmission.In addition, because HTTP is based on the agreement of TCP, congested control that TCP itself has and retransmission delay time all are considered to be not suitable for the mechanism of transmission of video.Therefore, early stage video transmission all is to utilize UDP (for example RTP over UDP) agreement, the proprietary video server system of framework to accomplish, expensive and unsuitable large-scale deployment of cost.
In recent years, the continuous increase of the fast development of Internet and the network bandwidth, and people make the network traffics that produce based on Video Applications account for the over half of Internet total flow for the growth of video requirement amount.With respect to traditional video fluidization technique; Fluidisation adaptation scheme based on HTTP need not to set up the dedicated video server; But utilize existing WEB server and produce the video clips of the different code checks of same video at server; Wherein video clips is appreciated that the video quality level that different code checks are corresponding different is play through the continuously smooth of quality of handoff rank realization video in order long video flowing is cut into one by one little segment (being generally several seconds) under the heterogeneous networks condition.HTTP stream is exactly in fact a series of continuous videos segment transmission, downloads and play.See that from user's angle the HTTP of multi code Rate of Chinese character stream can be obtained and based on the same even more excellent result of broadcast of video flowing (for example rtp streaming) of conventional flow media protocol, this adaptive algorithm wherein plays an important role.In addition, HTTP/TCP also makes HTTP fluidization technique having a extensive future on Internet to the ride-through capability of fire compartment wall/NAT.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation; The adaptive algorithm client of carrying out at server of comparing has more real-time to the estimation of network condition and resource own, so algorithm is more accurate.
Technical scheme: the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation of the present invention is used for the multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation, and this system comprises two parts of server and client side; Server comprises Media Stream receiver module, Media Stream slicing treatment module and Media Stream sending module; Client is through the section of http protocol request Media Stream;
Client is calculated the time of reception of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, extracts the size of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, estimates current available bandwidth; The bit rate that it is the section of current media stream that client is extracted last received Media Stream section, this bit rate is corresponding one by one with quality scale, and bit rate is more little, and quality scale is low more;
Client is calculated the request time of two continuous media stream section, extracts the timestamp of this two continuous media stream section, but estimates the client-cache reproduction time;
Client is to the bit rate of the current available bandwidth that estimates and the section of current media stream size relatively; If current available bandwidth continuous several times is greater than the bit rate of current media stream section; And but the buffer memory reproduction time of client is greater than 0; And when current bit rate is not the bit rate of highest quality level, the quality scale rising one-level of the next Media Stream section of client-requested.If current available bandwidth continuous several times is less than the bit rate of current media stream section; And but the buffer memory reproduction time of client is less than a period of time of setting; And when current bit rate is not the bit rate of minimum quality levels, the quality scale decline one-level of the next Media Stream section of client-requested; Other does not satisfy any situation of above-mentioned two kinds of situation, and the quality scale of the next Media Stream section of client-requested remains unchanged.
Said multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation, the server in this system only is responsible for reception, processing and the transmission of Media Stream, the coding of not responsible Media Stream; Client is the webpage player in this system.
The section of said Media Stream is to comprise an integer image sets GOP, and each GOP first frame is for refresh frame IDR frame immediately and do not contain bi-directional predicted frames B frame;
The length of artificial regulation Media Stream section, with time t second be tolerance, 0＜t＜10; The size of Media Stream section, its unit is the unit of the expression memory capacity of bit or byte, is not chronomere.
The time of reception of said Media Stream section is that first bit of this section of client downloads begins to download the time that finishes to a last bit, and in this time, client only receives a Media Stream section.
The size of the continuous multi-disc Media Stream section of said extraction is a parameter of from the media file encapsulation format of Media Stream section itself, extracting relevant slice size.
The request time of said two continuous medias stream section is the HTTP GET request time of client to this two continuous media stream section;
The timestamp of this two continuous media stream section of said extraction is meant the parameter of from the media file encapsulation format of Media Stream section itself, extracting relevant two section temporal informations.
In the described media file encapsulation format, except that the media content of coding, also comprise the information such as timestamp and size of these medium.
But said client-cache reproduction time is meant the maximum time that current time client-cache data can be play continuously.
Said multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation is the system that to contain three different code checks at least be the Media Stream of bit rate.
Client and server connect, and user end to server sends the GET request of request media description file;
The server response request is returned the media description file, and client is known the bit rate of the Media Stream section that can ask;
Client is from lowest bitrate request Media Stream section, when the Media Stream slice numbers of request during more than or equal to some, and the following algorithm of client terminal start-up:
Client is calculated the time of reception of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, and time of reception is meant that first bit of this section of client downloads begins to download the time that finishes to a last bit.Client is extracted the size of multi-disc Media Stream section and the bit rate of last received Media Stream section (section of current media stream).Mean value by the ratio of the size of this several Media Streams section and its time of reception obtains the current bandwidth estimated value.
Client is calculated request time poor of two continuous medias stream section, is called requesting interval.Extract the timestamp of this two continuous media stream section and calculate the poor of two timestamps, be called interval of timestamps.But the estimation of client-cache reproduction time equals the adding up one by one of difference of interval of timestamps and requesting interval.
Client is carried out size relatively with the estimated value and the current media stream section bit rate of the current bandwidth that obtains.
If the bit rate that the estimated value of current bandwidth is cut into slices greater than current media stream continuously; But the client-cache reproduction time is greater than zero simultaneously; And when current bit rate was not the bit rate of highest quality level, then the quality scale of the next Media Stream section of request was than the high rank of current media stream section.
If the bit rate that the estimated value of current bandwidth is cut into slices less than current media stream continuously; But the client-cache reproduction time is less than total duration of some Media Streams section simultaneously; And when current bit rate was not the bit rate of minimum quality levels, then the quality scale of the next medium section of request was than the low rank of current media stream section.
Other does not satisfy any situation of above-mentioned two kinds of situation, and then the quality scale of the next Media Stream section of request remains unchanged;
Beneficial effect: the present invention is the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream adaptive control algorithm that carries out in client, and the adaptive algorithm client of carrying out at server of comparing has more real-time to the estimation of network condition and resource own, so algorithm is more accurate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system of HTTP fluidisation,
Fig. 2 is based on the multi code Rate of Chinese character adaptive control algorithm flow chart of HTTP fluidisation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done and to further describe.
This method is applied to the multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation, and this system comprises two parts of server and client side; Server comprises Media Stream receiver module, Media Stream slicing treatment module and Media Stream sending module; Client is through the section of http protocol request Media Stream;
Client is calculated the time of reception of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, extracts the size of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, estimates current available bandwidth; The bit rate that it is the section of current media stream that client is extracted last received Media Stream section, this bit rate is corresponding one by one with quality scale, and bit rate is more little, and quality scale is low more;
Client is calculated the request time of two continuous media stream section, extracts the timestamp of this two continuous media stream section, but estimates the client-cache reproduction time;
Client is to the bit rate of the current available bandwidth that estimates and the section of current media stream size relatively; If current available bandwidth continuous several times is greater than the bit rate of current media stream section; And but the buffer memory reproduction time of client is greater than 0; And when current bit rate is not the bit rate of highest quality level, the quality scale rising one-level of the next Media Stream section of client-requested.If current available bandwidth continuous several times is less than the bit rate of current media stream section; And but the buffer memory reproduction time of client is less than a period of time of setting; And when current bit rate is not the bit rate of minimum quality levels, the quality scale decline one-level of the next Media Stream section of client-requested; Other does not satisfy any situation of above-mentioned two kinds of situation, and the quality scale of the next Media Stream section of client-requested remains unchanged.
Embodiment 1: like Fig. 1 is the multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation of this algorithm application, and this system server can provide the film source of 5 kinds of different bit rates of same content.The film source of these 5 kinds of different bit rates is designated as b from small to large
1, b
2, b
3, b
4, b
5, correspondence is 5 mass ranks from low to high, are designated as 0,1,2,3,4.
Media Stream section duration is about 5 seconds.
Client and server connect, and user end to server sends the GET request of request media description file;
The server response request is returned the media description file, and client is known the bit rate of the Media Stream section that can ask;
Client is from lowest bitrate request Media Stream section, when the Media Stream slice numbers of request greater than 5 the time, the client terminal start-up algorithm:
Client is calculated the time of reception of continuous 5 Media Streams section, is designated as T (t respectively
1), T (t
2), T (t
3), T (t
4), T (t
5), time of reception is meant that first bit of this section of client downloads begins to download the time that finishes to a last bit.
Client is extracted the size of these 5 Media Stream sections, is designated as Size (t respectively
1), Size (t
2), Size (t
3), Size (t
4), Size (t
5), client is extracted the bit rate b of last received Media Stream section (section of current media stream)
i(0≤i≤4).Client is estimated current bandwidth bw according to following formula
c
Client is calculated the request time of two continuous media stream section, is designated as t respectively
j, t
J+1, extract the timestamp of this two continuous media stream section
But client is estimated client terminal playing buffer memory reproduction time Buffer (t according to following formula
J+1).
Buffer(t
j+1)＝0 j＝0
With bw
cWith b
iCompare, if bw
cContinuous 3 times greater than b
i, and Buffer (t
J+1)＞0, and i ≠ 4, when then asking next Media Stream to be cut into slices, i+1; If bw
cContinuous 3 times less than b
i, and Buffer (t
J+1During)＜10s, and i ≠ 0, when then asking next medium to be cut into slices, i-1.
This algorithm is the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream adaptive control algorithm based on the HTTP fluidisation that carries out in client, and this algorithm does not need the interactive information a lot of with server, and the real-time of extracting parameter is better, has guaranteed user experience to greatest extent.
Present technique is the preferable embodiment of the present invention; But protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; Any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, and the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation is characterized in that, this method is applied to the multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation, and this system comprises two parts of server and client side; Server comprises Media Stream receiver module, Media Stream slicing treatment module and Media Stream sending module; Client is through the section of http protocol request Media Stream;
Client is calculated the time of reception of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, extracts the size of continuous multi-disc Media Stream section, estimates current available bandwidth; It is promptly current that client is extracted last received Media Stream section
Media Stream is cutThe bit rate of sheet, this bit rate is corresponding one by one with quality scale, and bit rate is more little, and quality scale is low more;
Client is calculated the request time of two continuous media stream section, extracts the timestamp of this two continuous media stream section, but estimates the client-cache reproduction time;
Client is to the bit rate of the current available bandwidth that estimates and the section of current media stream size relatively; If current available bandwidth continuous several times is greater than the bit rate of current media stream section; And but the buffer memory reproduction time of client is greater than 0; And when current bit rate is not the bit rate of highest quality level, the quality scale rising one-level of the next Media Stream section of client-requested.If current available bandwidth continuous several times is less than the bit rate of current media stream section; And but the buffer memory reproduction time of client is less than a period of time of setting; And when current bit rate is not the bit rate of minimum quality levels, the quality scale decline one-level of the next Media Stream section of client-requested; Other does not satisfy any situation of above-mentioned two kinds of situation, and the quality scale of the next Media Stream section of client-requested remains unchanged.
2. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation; Server in this system only is responsible for reception, processing and the transmission of Media Stream, the coding of not responsible Media Stream; Client is the webpage player in this system.
3. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The section of said Media Stream is to comprise an integer image sets GOP, and each GOP first frame is for refresh frame IDR frame immediately and do not contain bi-directional predicted frames B frame;
The length of artificial regulation Media Stream section, with time t second be tolerance, 0＜t＜10; The size of Media Stream section, its unit is the unit of the expression memory capacity of bit or byte, is not chronomere.
4. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The time of reception of said Media Stream section; First bit that is this section of client downloads begins to download the time that finishes to a last bit, and in this time, client only receives a Media Stream section.
5. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The size of the continuous multi-disc Media Stream section of said extraction is a parameter of from the media file encapsulation format of Media Stream section itself, extracting relevant slice size.
6. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The request time of said two continuous medias stream section is the HTTP GET request time of client to this two continuous media stream section;
The timestamp of this two continuous media stream section of said extraction is meant the parameter of from the media file encapsulation format of Media Stream section itself, extracting relevant two section temporal informations.
7. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; In the described media file encapsulation format, except that the media content of coding, also comprise the information such as timestamp and size of these medium.
8. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, but said client-cache reproduction time is meant the maximum time that current time client-cache data can be play continuously.
9. the multi code Rate of Chinese character Media Stream self-adaptation control method based on the HTTP fluidisation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said multi code Rate of Chinese character Adaptive Transmission system based on the HTTP fluidisation is the system that to contain three different code checks at least be the Media Stream of bit rate.
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