Permanent magnetic bearing rigidity measuring device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnetic suspension bearing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of experimental provision of testing Permanent-magnet bearing rigidity.
Background technology
The magnetic suspension bearing technology more and more is subject to people's concern and attention, and it uses fields such as having related to magnetic suspension train, magnetic levitation electricity main shaft, flywheel energy storage system, artificial heart pump.Magnetic suspension bearing is to utilize magnetic force with rotor suspension, and it is compared with plain bearing, has the characteristics such as machinery-free contacts, nothing rubs, nothing is worn and torn, need not to lubricate, the life-span is long, requirement on machining accuracy is low, can work under wider temperature range.
Magnetic suspension bearing comprises Active Magnetic Suspending Bearing, passive magnetic suspension bearing and hybrid magnetic suspension bearing three major types, what wherein passive magnetic suspension bearing application was maximum is Permanent-magnet bearing, Permanent-magnet bearing is comprised of dynamic and static magnet ring, it is to utilize the permanent-magnet that produces between the sound magnet ring supported part that suspends, and makes it have in one direction the homeostasis suspension characteristic.Compare with Active Magnetic Suspending Bearing, Permanent-magnet bearing has that volume is little, simple in structure, reliability is high, need not to control and the advantages such as noenergy consumption.In recent years along with the appearance of some high performance rare earth permanent-magnetic materials, Permanent-magnet bearing receives more and more people's concern.
The existing method that builds the Permanent-magnet bearing mathematical model has a lot, as Method of Equivalent Magnetic Charge, and Method of Equivalent Currents, finite element method etc.People utilize these methods also to set up out a lot of mathematical models, but the scope of application that these models have is little, and what have is very complicated, and some precision are not high, are unfavorable for instructing structural design and the optimization of Permanent-magnet bearing.In addition, the Permanent-magnet bearing magnetic structure is complicated, and leakage field is serious, and its magnetic field has very strong coupled characteristic and non-linear, and its theoretical boundary value that calculates is difficult to accurately determine.Therefore need to come the revised theory model with the method for experiment to its research experiment, make the design of Permanent-magnet bearing more accurate.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: design a kind of permanent magnetic bearing rigidity measuring device, this device can be measured in the different loads situation, between the sound magnet ring radially, between axial relative displacement and sound magnet ring radially, axial acting force; And no matter static in rotating shaft or can work when rotating, can measure static parameter and the dynamic parameter of Permanent-magnet bearing, can provide reliable experimental basis for the theoretical research work of Permanent-magnet bearing.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical matters employing is: comprise pedestal and the drive part, the measure portion that are contained on pedestal.Drive part is motor, thereby its output shaft is by spring coupling and rotating shaft connection drive shaft.Measure portion comprises radial displacement transducer, Permanent-magnet bearing assembly, rotating shaft, load bearings, guide holder, power sensor and shaft position sensor, and an end of rotating shaft adopts the self-aligning ball bearing supporting, and the other end adopts the supporting of Permanent-magnet bearing assembly; By radial displacement transducer and shaft position sensor, measure respectively rotating shaft in the radially displacement of both direction and axial direction; Decide the radially power of both direction and axial direction of magnetic ring component by force sensor measuring, thereby measure the support stiffness of Permanent-magnet bearing.
Described Permanent-magnet bearing assembly is by moving magnetic ring component and decide magnetic ring component and consist of, wherein: moving magnetic ring component is arranged in rotating shaft by set nut by moving magnetic ring component retainer, decides magnetic ring component and is arranged in the Permanent-magnet bearing bearing by the Permanent-magnet bearing end cap by deciding the magnetic ring component retainer.
Described moving magnetic ring component and decide magnetic ring component and superpose vertically by the multi-disc permanent-magnetic clamp, and be fixed on described retainer by clamping screw respectively.
Described permanent-magnetic clamp can be made by NdFeB material or other permanent magnetic materials, and magnetizing direction is not limit, and other permanent magnetic materials are aluminium nickel cobalt, ferrite or Rare-Earth Cobalt.
Described multi-disc permanent-magnetic clamp, wherein part replaces with aluminium ring or other non-magnet_conductible material rings of same size.Other non-magnet_conductible materials are copper or stainless steel.
The end of the permanent-magnetic clamp of described moving magnetic ring component is the moving magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop that non-magnet_conductible material is made; The end of deciding the permanent-magnetic clamp of magnetic ring component be non-magnet_conductible material make decide the magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop.
Described spring coupling can adopt LM type plum blossom spring coupling.
Described power sensor can adopt three-dimensional power sensor, and this sensor upper end is connected with the Permanent-magnet bearing bearing by screw, and the lower end is bolted on guide holder.
Described guide holder can adopt feed screw nut pair to realize the axial translation motion, adopts set nut to fix, in order to control the axial displacement of deciding magnet ring.
Described load bearings can adopt deep groove ball bearing, is arranged on the end of rotating shaft.
Described radial displacement transducer and shaft position sensor can adopt eddy displacement sensor, they respectively along rotating shaft radially, be disposed axially on the Permanent-magnet bearing end cap.
The present invention compared with prior art has advantages of following main:
1. can radial displacement and the axial displacement to Permanent-magnet bearing carry out real-time measurement in the Static and dynamic situation, and can be synchronous carry out radial and axial power, thereby measure the support stiffness of Permanent-magnet bearing Static and dynamic.
2. measured when not only can independently measure the radial and axial quiet Dynamic supporting stiffness of Permanent-magnet bearing but also can realize the both direction support stiffness.
3. can load and guide holder is regulated and to be realized radial and axial continuous accurate loading by load bearings, thereby measure support stiffness with the variation relation of deciding displacement between magnetic ring component and moving magnetic ring component.
4. can be by the permanent-magnetic clamp of changing different direction of magnetization and physical dimension or the stiffness measurement of realizing the Permanent-magnet bearing of different direction of magnetization, different structure, different size and different magnet ring logarithms with non-magnet_conductible material ring replacement permanent-magnetic clamp.
5. this apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate, measurement data points is many, reliable measuring data, can provide experimental basis for Permanent-magnet bearing design.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of permanent magnetic bearing rigidity measuring device provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of figure.
Fig. 4 is Permanent-magnet bearing overlaying structure schematic diagram (sectional view) in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is for deciding the structural representation of monolithic permanent-magnetic clamp in magnetic ring component and moving magnetic ring component.
Fig. 7 is the left view of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is self-aligning ball bearing seat structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is displacement transducer location arrangements figure.
Figure 10 is experimental provision static axial stiffness experiment structural representation.
Figure 11 is experimental provision passive radial Rigidity Experiment structural representation.
In figure: 1. motor; 2. spring coupling; 3. self-aligning ball bearing bearing; 4. radial displacement transducer; 5. Permanent-magnet bearing assembly; 6. rotating shaft; 7. load bearings; 8. guide holder; 9. power sensor; 10. shaft position sensor; 11. pedestal; 12. Permanent-magnet bearing end cap; 13. decide the magnetic ring component retainer; 14. decide magnetic ring component; 15. Permanent-magnet bearing bearing; 16. decide the magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop; 17. moving magnetic ring component; 18. moving magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop; 19. moving magnetic ring component retainer; 20. set nut; 21. key; 22. clamping screw; 23. permanent-magnetic clamp; 24. bearing spider; 25. self-aligning ball bearing; 26. self-aligning ball bearing end cap; 27. axial restraint support.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but be not limited to following described content.
The present invention is a kind of permanent magnetic bearing rigidity measuring device, its structure as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, comprise pedestal 11 and the drive part, the measure portion that are contained on pedestal 11, wherein: drive part is motor 1, thereby its output shaft connects drive shafts by spring coupling 2 and rotating shaft 6.Measure portion comprises radial displacement transducer 4, Permanent-magnet bearing assembly 5, rotating shaft 6, load bearings 7, guide holder 8, power sensor 9 and shaft position sensor 10, and an end of rotating shaft 6 adopts the self-aligning ball bearing supporting, and the other end adopts 5 supportings of Permanent-magnet bearing assembly; By radial displacement transducer 4 and shaft position sensor 10, measure respectively rotating shaft 6 in the radially displacement of both direction and axial direction; Measure by power sensor 9 and decide the radially power of both direction and axial direction of magnetic ring component 14, thereby measure the support stiffness of Permanent-magnet bearing.
Described Permanent-magnet bearing assembly 5, its structure be as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5: by Permanent-magnet bearing end cap 12, Permanent-magnet bearing, Permanent-magnet bearing bearing 15 with consist of.Permanent-magnet bearing is by deciding magnetic ring component 14 and moving magnetic ring component 17 consists of.Moving magnetic ring component 17 is fixed on some (for example 4) permanent-magnetic clamps 23 on moving magnetic ring component retainer 19 by moving magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop 18 and clamping screw 22, then is arranged in rotating shaft 6 by key 21 and set nut 20.Decide magnetic ring component 14 and by deciding magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop 16 and clamping screw 22, some (for example 4) permanent-magnetic clamps 23 are fixed on and decide on magnetic ring component retainer 13, then be arranged in Permanent-magnet bearing bearing 15, and complete axial restraint by Permanent-magnet bearing end cap 12.During work, Permanent-magnet bearing will bear the main shaft deadweight and add Main Loads such as measuring load.
Above-mentioned moving magnetic ring component 17 can be formed by stacking vertically by multi-disc (for example 4) permanent-magnetic clamp, and every permanent-magnetic clamp 23(claims again magnet ring) structure as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the magnet of this permanent-magnetic clamp is the permanent magnet of cirque structure, Fang Junke magnetizes arbitrarily.Moving magnet ring is enclosed within rotating shaft, and the radial displacement of this moving magnet ring is controlled by radial load.
Above-mentioned decide magnetic ring component 14 and can be formed by stacking vertically by multi-disc (for example 4) permanent-magnetic clamp, every permanent-magnetic clamp 23(is weighed magnet ring again) structure as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, this magnet of deciding magnet ring is the permanent magnet of cirque structure, Fang Junke magnetizes arbitrarily.Decide magnet ring and be connected with guide holder 8 by power sensor 9, this axial displacement of deciding magnet ring is controlled by guide holder; Can read and decide three direction component that magnet ring is subject to, be i.e. the moving interaction force of deciding between magnet ring; Power by measuring simultaneously Permanent-magnet bearing and can draw its rigidity along the displacement of force direction; Drive by driving motor and can realize Permanent-magnet bearing dynamically and the measurement of static rigidity.
Above-mentioned moving magnetic ring component 17 and decide in magnetic ring component 14, the part permanent-magnetic clamp can replace with aluminium ring or other non-magnet_conductible material rings of same size, thereby realizes the Permanent-magnet bearing assembly 5 of different pairs permanent-magnetic clamp composition is measured.
Above-mentioned moving magnet ring magnetism-isolating loop 18 can be made by aluminium or other non-magnet_conductible materials (as copper, stainless steel etc.).
Described self-aligning ball bearing bearing 3, its structure be as shown in Figure 8: be comprised of bearing spider 24, self-aligning ball bearing 25 and self-aligning ball bearing end cap 26.Self-aligning ball bearing 25 is arranged in rotating shaft 6, and is fixed on bearing spider 24 by self-aligning ball bearing end cap 26.Bearing spider 24 is bolted on pedestal 11 by 4.
Described radial displacement transducer 4 is eddy displacement sensor, adopts two, is fixed on the Permanent-magnet bearing end cap 12 of Permanent-magnet bearing assembly 5.The probe of radial displacement transducer 4 points to the measured circle side face of rotating shaft 6, and position as shown in Figure 9.
Described shaft position sensor 10 is eddy displacement sensor, and it is fixed on the Permanent-magnet bearing end cap 12 of Permanent-magnet bearing assembly 5.The probe of shaft position sensor 10 points to the end face of moving magnetic ring component retainer 19, and position as shown in Figure 9.
Described power sensor 9 is three-dimensional power sensor, claims again three-component power sensor.This sensor upper end is connected with Permanent-magnet bearing assembly 5 by 4 screws, and the lower end is bolted on guide holder 8 by 4.
Described load bearings 7 adopts deep groove ball bearing, is arranged on the end of rotating shaft 6.Counterweight hangs over this bearing outer ring and realizes loading.
Described guide holder 8 adopts feed screw nut pair to realize the axial translation motion, adopts set nut to fix, and this guide holder is bolted on pedestal 11 by 4.This guide holder can be controlled the axial displacement of deciding magnet ring.
The present invention is used for the dynamic rate of Permanent-magnet bearing and measures and the static rigidity measurement.
Static axial stiffness removes motor 1, spring coupling 2 when measuring, and adds axial restraint support 27, and its structure as shown in figure 10; Remove motor 1, spring coupling 2 during the passive radial stiffness measurement, its structure as shown in figure 11.
When dynamic rate is measured, add motor 1, spring coupling 2, its structure as shown in Figure 1.
Permanent magnetic bearing rigidity measuring device provided by the invention by the dismounting of drive part, can be tested the rigidity of the Permanent-magnet bearing under dynamic and static condition.The course of work under the brief description different condition.
1. dynamic rate is measured:
One end of rotating shaft 6 adopts 3 supportings of self-aligning ball bearing bearing, and the other end adopts the Permanent-magnet bearing supporting.The self-aligning ball bearing axle head is connected with motor 1 by spring coupling 2, and Permanent-magnet bearing axle head load bearings is not hung counterweight.To power sensor 9 zeroing: regulate the position of guide holder 8, the sensor axial force of exerting all one's strength reading is zero, then the make progress reading zeroing of both direction power of diameter.After power sensor zeroing work is completed, 3 displacement transducers (two radial displacement transducers 4, shaft position sensor 10) are carried out initial position setting.Load required radial load after completing on load bearings 7, adjust simultaneously guide holder 8 and load required axial load.Until stable rear actuating motor 1, be adjusted to required rotating speed, record power sensor 9 and 3 data that displacement transducer is surveyed.
2. static axial stiffness is measured:
One end of rotating shaft 6 adopts 3 supportings of self-aligning ball bearing bearing, and the other end adopts the Permanent-magnet bearing supporting.Permanent-magnet bearing axle head load bearings is not hung counterweight.To power sensor 9 zeroing: regulate guide holder 8 positions, the sensor axial force of exerting all one's strength reading is zero, then adds that at the Permanent-magnet bearing axle head axial restraint bar is fixed axial displacement, then the make progress reading zeroing of both direction power of diameter.After power sensor zeroing work is completed, 3 displacement transducers (two radial displacement transducers 4, shaft position sensor 10) are carried out initial position setting.After completing, adjusting guide holder 8 positions obtain required axial displacement, read power sensor axial force, record power sensor 9 and 3 data that displacement transducer is surveyed.
3. passive radial/axial rigidity is measured:
One end of rotating shaft 6 adopts 3 supportings of self-aligning ball bearing bearing, and the other end adopts the Permanent-magnet bearing supporting.Permanent-magnet bearing axle head load bearings is not hung counterweight, calculates the load of Permanent-magnet bearing end carrying.The power sensor is carried out initial position setting: regulate guide holder 8 positions, exert all one's strength sensor axial force reading and horizontal direction radial force reading are zero, make the reading of vertical direction radial force for calculating the Permanent-magnet bearing load value of gained.After power sensor adjustment work is completed, 3 displacement transducers (two radial displacement transducers 4, shaft position sensor 10) are carried out initial position setting.By load required radial load on load bearings, adjust simultaneously guide holder 8 and load required axial load after completing, record power sensor 9 and 3 data that displacement transducer is surveyed.