CN102325085A - Three-level multi-user quantum signaling transmission method based on entanglement swapping - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-level multi-user quantum signaling transmission method based on entanglement swapping. A primary quantum signaling swapper corresponding to a calling subscriber is provided with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) entanglement source used for generating two entanglement particles (1) and (4), wherein the entanglement particle (4) is sent to the calling subscriber and the entanglement particle (1) is sent to a quantum signaling centrex; a primary quantum signaling swapper corresponding to a called subscriber is also provided with an EPR entanglement source used for generating two entanglement particles (2) and (3); the entanglement particle (3) is sent to the called subscriber and the entanglement particle (2) is sent to the quantum signaling centrex; different particle states of two entanglement particles represent different types of quantum signaling; and in the quantum signaling centrex, quantum signaling swapping between the called subscriber and the calling subscriber is finished through Bell state measurement performed by the entanglement particles (2) and (1).

Description

Based on three grades of multi-user quantum signal transmission methods that tangle exchange

Technical field

The present invention relates to quantum communications and quantum information science field, specifically, is a kind of based on three grades of multi-user quantum signal transmission methods that tangle exchange.

Background technology

Signaling is any communication system essential important component, and quantum communications are no exception.Three grades of quantum signaling transmission are the key technologies that realize multi-user quantum communication.Yet the research of at present relevant quantum signaling does not launch as yet, and three grades of quantum signal transmission methods are blank of this area.

In multi-user comm, signaling is meant a series of signal architecture that meets certain standard and the set of agreement.Signaling must have versatility.In order to accomplish communication task, the various software and hardwares in the network (like communication terminal, switch, modulator-demodulator, router, gateway and various computer programs etc.) must move under the united and coordinating of signaling without any confusion.Therefore, we can say there is not the communication network of signaling, perhaps the unusual network of signaling system is impossible accomplish communication task.

In traditional communication network, all signalings all are to be made up by different current impulses to represent.And in the quantum communications network, various quantum signalings are to represent through different quantum states.So the quantum signaling is different with traditional communication signaling in itself.

Current, about the research of quantum communications, mainly concentrate on and how to improve key distribution protocol, how to prolong the coverage of quantum communications, how to obtain aspects such as high-quality light source.Along with deeply carrying out of quantum communications research, the quantum communications mode of point-to-point must carry out the transition to multi-user's quantum communications network.Like this, the research of quantum signal transmission method, exploitation and realization are the problems that must relate to.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency that is directed against prior art provides a kind of based on three grades of multi-user quantum signal transmission methods that tangle exchange.

A kind of based on three grades of multi-user quantum signal transmission methods that tangle exchange; Comprise the user in quantum signaling centrex, elementary quantum signalling exchange, the quantum communications network; Each user realizes communicating by letter with all the other users with quantum signaling centrex through each self-corresponding elementary quantum signalling exchange, and said user is divided into calling subscriber and called subscriber; The corresponding elementary quantum signalling exchange of calling subscriber is provided with EPR and tangles the source, is used to produce two and tangles particle (1) and (4), wherein tangles particle (4) and sends to the calling subscriber, tangles particle (1) and sends to quantum signaling centrex; The corresponding elementary quantum signalling exchange of called subscriber also is provided with EPR and tangles the source, is used to produce two and tangles particle (2) and (3), tangles particle (3) and sends to the called subscriber, tangles particle (2) and sends to quantum signaling centrex; Two are tangled the different different quantum signaling of particle state representative of particle; At quantum signaling centrex, through tangling particle (2) and tangling particle (1) and carry out the quantum signaling exchange that Bel's attitude is measured completion called subscriber and calling subscriber.

Described method, said quantum signaling comprise the demand signalling of called subscriber's address signaling, quantum communications, called prompting signaling, link release signaling, routing state indication signaling.

In the quantum communications field, still there are not any standard and research report about the quantum signaling.The present invention's support that not only can provide the necessary technical for the formulation of following quantum signaling standard, and can promote the research and development of quantum information safety, quantum secret communication and the quantum multimedia information system network platform.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is three grades of multi-user quantum signaling transmission network basic frameworks;

Fig. 2 is the exchange process that tangles of quantum signaling;

Fig. 3 is for exchanging the transmission course that realizes quantum signaling between A1 and the B2 through tangling.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.

Embodiment 1

Fig. 1 is the structure of three grades of multi-user quantum signaling transmission networks, comprises that the QSCS that is arranged in the center is a quantum signaling centrex, the QSS that is centered around around the QSCS is each user of elementary quantum signalling exchange, quantum communications network.

In Fig. 1, the QSCS that is positioned at the center is quantum signaling centrex (QSCS:Quantum Signaling Center Switcher), and QSCS is in the superlative degree of signaling transmission network, i.e. third level signalling point; Being centered around QSCS QSS on every side is elementary quantum signalling exchange (QSS:Quantum Signaling Switcher), and QSS is in the intergrade of signaling transmission network, i.e. second level signalling point; A1, A2, B1, B2 etc. are each users in the quantum communications network, and each user is in the minimum one-level of signaling transmission network, i.e. first order signalling point.So, constitute three grades of complete multi-user quantum signaling transmission networks by quantum communications user, QSS and QSCS.

Three grades of complete multi-user quantum signaling transmission networks can comprise a plurality of QSS.6 QSS are arranged among Fig. 1.Not only be interconnected between the different QSS, and each user and QSCS are connected into a huge quantum signaling transmission network.

The effect of QSCS is: through the measurement to quantum state, accomplish the quantum signaling exchange between the different QSS;

The effect of QSS is: it is right to tangle particle through generation, between quantum user and QSCS, tangles distribution, realizes the function of exchange of quantum signaling;

In Fig. 1, A1 representes different quantum users with B2.When A1 need carry out quantum communications with B2, at first need in the presence of QSS1, QSCS and QSS4, accomplish A1 and transmit to the quantum signaling between the B2.

Embodiment 2

Present embodiment has provided in three grades of multi-user quantum communication networks, the definition of various quantum signalings, expression and transmission method.

In conjunction with Fig. 1, specific as follows:

The different quantum signaling that user A1 is produced is represented through different quantum states.The classification of these quantum signalings, function and transmission method are following:

(1) demand signalling of quantum communications

The quantum communications demand signalling is sent by calling subscriber A1, representes through quantum state

.A1 sends to QSS1; When QSS1 receives the quantum state

that A1 sends, the state of A1 is become operating state by idle condition.Quantum state

can be expressed as:

Wherein | H>horizontal polarization state of expression quantum, | V>the perpendicular polarization state of expression quantum, α and β are coefficients, their satisfy as follows and concern:

‖α‖ ²+‖β‖ ²＝1?(2)

The α and the β that satisfy (2) formula have infinite a plurality of.A given α just can obtain a β.Different quantum states has been represented in different α and the combination of β, has also just represented different quantum signalings.Below various quantum signalings can represent by α different in (1) formula and (2) formula and the combination of β.

(2) called subscriber address indication signaling

In the given quantum signaling transmission network of Fig. 1, each user has a unique user identifier, is similar to the telephone number in the classical communication network.This user identifier is exactly a station address, and it has indicated the on-site quantum network grade of user, and the sensible QSS of quantum signaling.

When calling subscriber A1 need carry out quantum communications with B2, B2 was as the called subscriber, and the station address information of B2 is sent by A1, supplied QSS1, QSCS and QSS4 to confirm that quantum communication link uses.

(3) link release signaling

When the quantum communications of being carried out as calling subscriber A1 and B2 finished, the two all can send the link release signaling A1 and B2.Like this, their state transfers idle condition to by operating state.Signalling exchange also indicates relevant equipment to discharge shared communication link.

(4) called prompting signaling

Called prompting signaling is sent by QSS4, and prompting B2 has call arrival.When B2 began to communicate by letter, its state transferred operating state to by the free time.

(5) routing state indication signaling

When equipment fault or Route Blocking occurring in the quantum communication network, send the routing state indication signaling by local QSS.This signaling is issued QSCS and remaining QSS, is used to select alternate route.For example, in Fig. 1, when calling subscriber A1 need carry out quantum communications with B2,, then can pass through the routing state indication signaling, with original communication route, promptly if equipment fault or Route Blocking between QSS1, QSCS and QSS4, occur $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;\mathrm{QSCS}\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2,$ Adopt alternate route $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_2\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_3\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2$ Substitute, also can pass through another alternate route $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_6\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_5\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2$ Accomplish communication.

More than various quantum signalings, all be to represent through different quantum states.Promptly above-mentioned (1)～(5) are totally five kinds of quantum signalings, can be represented by α different in (1) formula and (2) formula and the combination of β.

Embodiment 3

Present embodiment provides the method for accomplishing the transmission of above five kinds of quantum signalings through the quantum entanglement exchange.

In the transmittance process of the quantum signaling that above-mentioned A1 and B2 carry out, no matter be between A1 and QSS1, or between QSS1 and QSCS and the QSS4, the transmission of quantum signaling is accomplished through the quantum entanglement exchange.

Fig. 2 has provided the exchange process that tangles of quantum signaling.In Fig. 2, there are two EPR to tangle the source, i.e. EPR-Source-1 and EPR-Source-2. Particle 1 and 4 is a pair of particles that tangle, and is produced by EPR-Source-1; Particle 2 and 3 be another to tangling particle, produce by EPR-Source-2.Different particle states has been represented different quantum signalings.Measure (Bell State Measurement) through particle 1 and 2 being carried out Bel's attitude, can realize particle 1,2,3 and 4 quantum state tangle exchange.The transmission that is the quantum signaling is to exchange through tangling of different particle states to realize.

The above-mentioned result who tangles exchange can be expressed as:

$|\mathrm{\&Psi;}{\&rang;}_{1234}=|{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}^{+}{\&rang;}_{14}\&CircleTimes;|{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}^{+}{\&rang;}_{23}$

$=|{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}^{+}{\&rang;}_{12}\&CircleTimes;|{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}^{+}{\&rang;}_{34}+|{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}^{-}{\&rang;}_{12}\&CircleTimes;|{\mathrm{\&Phi;}}^{-}{\&rang;}_{34}+$

$|{\mathrm{\&Psi;}}^{+}{\&rang;}_{12}\&CircleTimes;|{\mathrm{\&Psi;}}^{+}{\&rang;}_{34}+|{\mathrm{\&Psi;}}^{-}{\&rang;}_{12}\&CircleTimes;|{\mathrm{\&Psi;}}^{-}{\&rang;}_{34}---\left(3\right)$

This shows that the quantum entanglement exchange through Fig. 2 can realize tangling each other of particle 4 and 3, accomplishes the transmission of quantum signaling.

In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, with reference to Fig. 3.Fig. 3 representes to utilize the transmission course of tangling quantum signaling between exchange realization calling subscriber A1 and the called subscriber B2.

In Fig. 3, can find out that quantum signaling centrex (QSCS) is concentrated realization with the function that Bel's attitude is measured (Bell State Measurement), i.e. the function of the central function of exchange of quantum signaling and Bel's attitude measurement concentrates in together realization.

In Fig. 3; It can also be seen that; Two elementary quantum signalling exchanges (QSS1 and QSS4) and two concentrated realizations of function that EPR tangle the source, promptly QSS1 and EPR tangle source 1 (EPR-Source-1) and concentrate setting, and QSS4 and EPR tangle the concentrated setting in source 2 (EPR-Source-2).Like this, just can elementary quantum signaling function of exchange be concentrated with the preparation function of tangling attitude and realize.

Embodiment 4

Present embodiment is on the basis of the foregoing description, and the general process of realizing that the quantum signaling is transmitted is provided.We are that example be elaborated as calling subscriber, B2 as the called subscriber with A1.

When calling subscriber A1 desire is carried out quantum communications with called subscriber B2, accomplish the transmission tasks of quantum signaling by following steps:

The first step is through the station address information of called subscriber's address signaling inquiry B2.The station address information of B2 is sent by A1, supplies QSS1, QSCS and QSS4 to confirm that quantum communication link uses.Pass through by A1 $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{QSS}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;\mathrm{QSCS}\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{QSS}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2$ Quantum chain road direction B2 sends the demand signalling of quantum communications;

When calling subscriber A1 and called subscriber B2 carry out quantum communications,, then can pass through the routing state indication signaling, with original communication route, promptly if equipment fault or Route Blocking between QSS1, QSCS and QSS4, occur $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;\mathrm{QSCS}\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{QSS}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2,$ Adopt alternate route $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_2\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_3\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2$ Substitute, also can pass through another alternate route $A_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_1\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{QSS}}_6\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_5\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="QSS"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">QSS</figure-callout>}}_4\&DoubleRightArrow;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="HSA00000544497900011.png,HSA00000544497900013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2$ Accomplish communication.

This routing state indication signaling is sent by QSS1, and this signaling is issued QSCS and remaining QSS, is used to select alternate route.

In second step, send called prompting signaling to called subscriber B2 by the on-site elementary quantum signalling exchange QSS4 of called subscriber B2.This called prompting signaling prompting B2 has call arrival.When B2 began to communicate by letter, its state transferred operating state to by the free time.

In the 3rd step,, accomplish tangling each other of particle 1 and 4 by EPR-Source-1 at the QSS1 place.

The 4th step sent to calling subscriber A1 with particle 4, and particle 1 is sent to quantum signaling centrex (QSCS).

In the 5th step,, accomplish tangling each other of particle 2 and 3 by EPR-Source-2 at the QSS4 place.

The 6th step sent to called subscriber B2 with particle 3, and particle 2 is sent to quantum signaling centrex (QSCS).

In the 7th step, after QSCS receives the particle 2 that particle 1 that EPR-Source-1 sends and EPR-Source-2 send, particle 1 and 2 is carried out the measurement of Bel's attitude.The result who measures has just accomplished the quantum entanglement exchange, has realized tangling each other of particle 4 and 3.Promptly, just can realize remote control to particle 3 through manipulation to particle 4.And particle 4 and 3 different conditions have just been represented the different signalings of quantum communications.Like this, just realized the quantum signaling transmission between calling subscriber A1 and the called subscriber B2.

In the 8th step, calling subscriber A1 only need control the state of particle 4, just can realize the remote control to the state of the particle 3 at called subscriber B2 place.When the quantum communications of being carried out as calling subscriber A1 and B2 finished, the two all can send the link release signaling A1 and B2.Like this, their state transfers idle condition to by operating state.The quantum signalling exchange also indicates relevant equipment to discharge shared quantum communication link.Above-mentioned A1 and B2 two users' quantum signaling transmission finishes.

Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection range of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.

Claims (2)

1. one kind based on three grades of multi-user quantum signal transmission methods that tangle exchange; It is characterized in that; Comprise the user in quantum signaling centrex, elementary quantum signalling exchange, the quantum communications network; Each user realizes communicating by letter with all the other users with quantum signaling centrex through each self-corresponding elementary quantum signalling exchange, and said user is divided into calling subscriber and called subscriber; The corresponding elementary quantum signalling exchange of calling subscriber is provided with EPR and tangles the source, is used to produce two and tangles particle (1) and (4), wherein tangles particle (4) and sends to the calling subscriber, tangles particle (1) and sends to quantum signaling centrex; The corresponding elementary quantum signalling exchange of called subscriber also is provided with EPR and tangles the source, is used to produce two and tangles particle (2) and (3), tangles particle (3) and sends to the called subscriber, tangles particle (2) and sends to quantum signaling centrex; Two are tangled the different different quantum signaling of particle state representative of particle; At quantum signaling centrex, through tangling particle (2) and tangling particle (1) and carry out the quantum signaling exchange that Bel's attitude is measured completion called subscriber and calling subscriber.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said quantum signaling comprises the demand signalling of called subscriber's address signaling, quantum communications, called prompting signaling, link release signaling, routing state indication signaling.

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