CN102320380B - Ejector capable of directly releasing energy by using superconducting magnet - Google Patents
Ejector capable of directly releasing energy by using superconducting magnet Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ejector capable of directly releasing energy by using a superconducting magnet, belonging to the field of a superconducting technology. The ejector comprises a low-temperature container shell, superconducting drive coils, an armature, a superconducting power supply, a supporting frame and an armature low-temperature container; the low-temperature container shell is a hollow and sealed container and multiple levels of superconducting drive coils are installed on the inner wall of the low-temperature container shell; and the ejection coil is distributed on the axis in a pipeline which is composed of the superconducting drive coils and the low-temperature container shell. The armature can flexibly move on the axis; each level of the superconducting drive coil is equipped with one superconducting power supply or several levels of the superconducting drive coils are equipped with one power supply. The ejector capable of directly releasing energy by using the superconducting magnet has the advantages that: the superconducting energy storage property is directly utilized and the superconducting power supply with smaller power can be used for charging a magnetic field to the superconducting drive coils, so that the electromagnetic drive force is stronger than that of the traditional design scheme which utilizes an impulse power supply to charge the fixed drive coil and is repelled with the armature. In the invention, the conversion process of the energy is simplified and the utilization efficiency of the energy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to superconduction electrical technology field, particularly a kind of superconducting magnet is directly released energy ejector.
Background technology
Ejector is mainly used in aircraft takeoff process, also can be applied in the high speed accelerator device of other large mass objects.Electromagnetic ejection system all adopted the mode of operation of pulse power power supply in the past, and its power supply and driving process are separated, and system effectiveness is low.Because high power pulsed source technical requirements is higher, ripe electromagnetic ejection system is very rare.Separately have and utilize superconducting magnetic energy storage as the design plan of the pulse power, but have no the scheme of utilizing the energy release process of superconducting magnetic energy storage directly to drive ejection system." coilgun " forms power valve by a series of fixing drive coils (drive coil), and its inside (also can in its outside) launches coil (armature).When launching coil and enter drive coil, by switch, high power pulsed source is added on corresponding drive coil, in drive coil, produce stronger pulsed magnetic field.According to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, in launching coil, can induce powerful counter-current and backing field simultaneously.Launch coil and repel propulsive effort by obtaining huge electromagnetism.A series of fixing drive coils one by one repulsion launch coil, finally can make the object of larger quality form very large kinematic velocity.
Adopt the pulse power to drive the electromagnetic driving system of a series of fixed drive coils to there are many uniquenesses.Owing to adopting coaxial electrical field drives form, fixed drive coil with launch suspension naturally between coil, saved the high guide rail of material performance requirement.Advantage is on the other hand that the propulsive effort of electromagnetic field generation is very strong, the large mass objects of suitable driving.Based on some generally acknowledged advantages and some insoluble technical matterss are optimized, redesign a kind of more perfect system significance very large.
In Electromagnetic Drive structure, as shown in Figure 1, the general conventional wires by copper one class of original drive coil 1 is made at present.For realizing fast, magnetize, its number of turn seldom.A series of original drive coils 1 are arranged in tubular according to coaxial manner.The original coil 2 that launches is number of turn coils seldom, can be also a solid conductive material.High-voltage pulse power source 3 is MW class intense pulsed power supplies.General work voltage is more than ten thousand volts, and working pulse electric current is more than kilo-ampere.Studying at present and adopting recent development to make this high-voltage pulse power source.Such as using flywheel technology stored energy, then be converted into pulse electric energy with single-stage power generation machine.Can also use superconducting magnet energy storage or chemical power to make high-voltage pulse power source.High-voltage pulse power source pulse power used is megawatt magnitude, is one of technical barrier of restriction Electromagnetic Drive structural development and breakthrough.
In known Electromagnetic Drive structure as shown in Figure 1, when launching coil 2, be moved in a series of original drive coils 1, the original corresponding drive coil 1 in coil 2 positions that launches, under the driving of high-voltage pulse power source 3, can produce very strong pulsed magnetic field.Meanwhile, in original coil 2 inside of launching, can induce counter-current.The powerful repulsive force producing can promote original launching in the next stage that coil 2 enters original drive coil 1.Repeat aforementioned activities, high-voltage pulse power source 3 orders give drive coil 1 power supply, and repulsive force constantly accelerates the original coil 2 that launches.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of superconducting magnet and directly releases energy ejector.
This ejector comprises low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell, superconduction drive coil, launches coil, superconduction power supply, bracing frame and launch coil low-temperature (low temperature) vessel;
Wherein, low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell is the airtight container of hollow, conventionally can make tubular, multistage superconduction drive coil is arranged on by bracing frame on the inwall of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell, on the pipe interior axis of superconduction drive coil and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell formation, arranges and launches coil.Launch coil can be on axis flexible motion; Every one-level superconduction drive coil is equipped with a superconduction power supply, or what superconduction drive coil is equipped with a power supply;
Launch coil and adopt superconducting coil or common normal conductor coil or metal ring conductor, when launching coil, adopt in the situation of superconducting coil, need to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel be installed outward launching coil;
Superconduction drive coil adopts high-temperature superconducting magnet or adopts cryogenic magnet, the working current of the every one-level of superconduction drive coil select from tens peaces to kilo-ampere, the number of turn of every one-level changes to thousands of circles from hundreds of circle; Because what use is zero resistance superconducting coil, on energy release rate, can not produce the impact of significant adverse.
Described superconduction drive coil at least adopt five release when different can winding;
Described low-temperature (low temperature) vessel is inner to be used liquid nitrogen, liquid helium cryogenic liquid or uses fefrigerator conduction methods for cooling.
The working process of this ejector: first superconduction power supply charges to all superconduction drive coils.Because the inductance of every grade of superconduction drive coil is larger, charging duration can grow to several seconds, even a few hours.Working current is raised to working current value gradually from zero.In the inner powerful magnetic field that produces tesal (T) magnitude of superconduction drive coil.After having charged, ejector can keep the long time.During this period of time, superconduction drive coil is consumed energy not.Energy consumption only limits to superconduction and is derived from body.Launch beginning, launch coil and first from one end, approach superconduction drive coil.Corresponding one-level superconduction drive coil is cut off the electricity supply by switch at once.According to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, can induce at once an equidirectional electric current launching coil inside, form powerful magnetic field in the same way.Launching between coil and a series of superconduction drive coil, because high-intensity magnetic field attracts to produce powerful attractive force.Gravitation sucks in next stage superconduction drive coil with the form suspending fast by launching coil.While entering next stage superconduction drive coil, corresponding superconduction drive coil is cut off the electricity supply simultaneously.Such process successively goes on, and launches coil and just can constantly accelerate, and realizes electromagnetic launch object.The energy being stored in superconduction drive coil through the long period discharges one by one within very short time.Utilize feature that superconducting magnet can rapid discharge to realize the quick output of megawatt-grade high-power, macro-energy.Along with launching the raising of coil kinematic velocity, the power cut off time interval of corresponding superconduction drive coil is shorter and shorter, to the velocity of discharge, requires more and more higher.Driving process is controlled by position probing program.
Advantage of the present invention: replaced often leading small inductor fixed drive coil with large inductance superconducting energy storage drive coil.Advantage comprises the following aspects: (1) superconducting magnet energy storage is a large characteristic of superconductor technology, has unique technical advantage.Outstanding feature of the present invention is directly to have utilized superconducting energy storage characteristic.(2) magnetic field of superconducting magnet is very strong, and the magnetic field force producing is larger.(3) the Electromagnetic Drive ejector of report all adopts repulsive force to drive at present, and the present invention's employing is that magnetic attraction drives.(4) the superconduction power supply of wanting required for the present invention is also completely different, simple more than high-voltage pulse power source.Superconduction source technology belongs to more conventional, has multiple commodity on market.The superconduction power supply of smaller power can be to the superconduction drive coil field of magnetizing.(5) launching induced field in coil attracts mutually with the magnetic field that all the other whole fixed drive coils that do not discharge produce.Than existing, utilize fixed drive coil and launch the design plan that coil repels mutually and have more powerful electromagnetic actuation force.(6) directly utilize superconducting magnetic energy storage to carry out Electromagnetic Drive, simplified the energy conversion process of utilizing the pulse power, improved energy utilization efficiency.Theoretical energy conversion efficiency can reach 100%.More by drive coil 4 numbers of turn of superconducting wire coiling, inductance is larger.Because superconducting wire does not have resistance, working current can be easy to reach more than 100 amperes.Than the large order of magnitude of the density of current of conventional coil, the large tens～hundred times of energy of storing.The pulse energy that former cause power supply can be provided like this, transfers to directly and being provided by superconduction drive coil 4.Because superconduction drive coil inductance is larger, with small-power power to the time of the stored energy cost of charging in superconducting coil can be long.The time gap that general large mass objects is launched is longer, has enough time for charging.Because there is no resistance, after being full of, superconducting coil energy can keep not occurring for a long time loss.In Electromagnetic Drive process, drive coil may be as little to millisecond discharge time, is conducive to realize fast driving.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is current Electromagnetic Drive ejector structural representation;
Fig. 2 is that superconducting magnet of the present invention is directly released energy ejector structural representation;
Fig. 3 is current Electromagnetic Drive assembly system and the comparison of the direct Electromagnetic Drive assembly system of superconducting energy storage control block diagram;
Fig. 4 is mini-test ejector trim designs figure of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the direct Electromagnetic Drive gravitation of the small-sized superconducting energy storage of the present invention analytic curve;
Fig. 6 is the large-scale Electromagnetic Drive ejector of the present invention trim designs figure;
In figure: 1 original drive coil, the 2 original coils, 3 high-voltage pulse power sources, 4 superconduction drive coils, 5 of launching launch coil, 6 and launch coil low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, 7 low-temperature (low temperature) vessels, 8 supporting constructions, 9 superconduction power supplys.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with Figure of description in conjunction with specific embodiments.
In the present invention, superconducting magnetic ejector as shown in Figure 2.Multistage superconduction drive coil 4 is arranged in tubular according to coaxial manner.Because the application force in working process is very large, between superconduction drive coils 4 at different levels, must there is powerful support.Because the working environment of superconduction needs low temperature, in the outside of superconduction drive coil 4, surround higher shell a---low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 7 of adiabatic requirement.Between low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 7 and superconduction drive coil 4, also must adopt strong supporting construction 8.The cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium can be used in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 7 inside, also can use fefrigerator conduction methods for cooling.Low temperature and supporting construction 8 all belong to comparative maturity, attainable ordinary skill.On the pipe interior axis of superconduction drive coil 4 and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 7 formations, arrange and launch coil 5.Launch coil 5 can be on axis flexible motion.In working process, because launching coil 5, magnetic suspension effect understands by magnetically confined on axis.Do not need to adopt very strong guide rail, but can select better simply supporting form to make supplemental support.Launch coil 5 and can adopt superconducting coil, also can adopt common normal conductor coil or simple metal ring conductor.In the situation that launching coil 5 employing superconducting coil, also need to use and launch coil low-temperature (low temperature) vessel 6.Because superconducting energy storage charge power supply is different from high-voltage pulse power source 3 completely.The high constant-current source that superconduction power supply 9 is power, voltage is relatively little.Every one-level superconduction drive coil 4 can be equipped with a superconduction power supply 9, also can be equipped with a power supply by what superconduction drive coil 4.A superconducting magnet is directly released and can be had five above superconduction drive coils 4 by ejector.
In the present invention, with large inductance superconducting energy storage drive coil 4, replaced often leading small inductor fixed drive coil 1.More by drive coil 4 numbers of turn of superconducting wire coiling, inductance is larger.Because superconducting wire does not have resistance, working current can be easy to reach more than 100 amperes.Than the large order of magnitude of the density of current of conventional coil, the large tens～hundred times of energy of storing.The pulse energy that former cause power supply can be provided like this, transfers to directly and being provided by superconduction drive coil 4.Because superconduction drive coil 4 inductance are larger, with small-power power to the time of the stored energy cost of charging in superconducting coil can be long.The time gap that general large mass objects is launched is longer, has enough time for charging.Because there is no resistance, after being full of, superconducting coil energy can keep not occurring for a long time loss.In Electromagnetic Drive process, drive coil may be as little to millisecond 4 discharge times, is conducive to realize fast driving.
Working process of the present invention: first a series of superconduction power supplys 9 charge to all superconduction drive coils 4.Because the inductance of every grade of superconduction drive coil 4 is larger, charging duration can grow to several seconds, even a few hours.Working current is raised to working current value gradually from zero.In the inner powerful magnetic field that produces tesal (T) magnitude of superconduction drive coil 4.After having charged, ejector can be stablized the long time.During this period of time, superconduction drive coil 4 is consumed energy not.Energy consumption only limits to superconduction power supply 9 self.Launch beginning, launch coil 5 and first from one end, approach superconduction drive coil 4.Corresponding one-level superconduction drive coil 4 is cut off the electricity supply by switch at once.According to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, can induce at once an equidirectional electric current launching coil 5 inside, form powerful magnetic field in the same way.Launching between coil 5 and a series of superconduction drive coil 4, because high-intensity magnetic field attracts to produce powerful attractive force.Gravitation sucks in next stage superconduction drive coil 4 with the form suspending fast by launching coil 5.While entering next stage superconduction drive coil 4, corresponding superconduction drive coil 4 is cut off the electricity supply simultaneously.Such process successively goes on, and launches coil 5 and just can constantly accelerate, and realizes electromagnetic launch object.The energy being stored in superconduction drive coil 4 through the long period discharges one by one within very short time.Utilize feature that superconducting magnet can rapid discharge to realize the quick output of megawatt-grade high-power, macro-energy.Along with launching the raising of coil 5 kinematic velocitys, the power cut off time interval of corresponding superconduction drive coil 4 is shorter and shorter, to the velocity of discharge, requires more and more higher.Driving process is controlled by position probing program.
Fig. 3 is for contrasting with control process of the present invention according to the control block diagram of the Electromagnetic Drive ejector of conventional thought formulation.Can see superconducting energy storage and Electromagnetic Drive are directly combined to the structure that can greatly simplify control process.
Fig. 4 is that small-sized superconducting magnetic drives ejector trim designs example.The outside electromagnetism iron pipe that adopts of superconducting magnet ejector of fixed drive coil surrounds, and can realize outside magnetic conduction, reduces ejector scale, increases stored energy.Can reduce stray magnetic field in addition, reduce magnetic dispersion.Adopt fefrigerator to conduct 6～10 groups of cooling fixed drive coils.1 kilowatt of each power supply maximum power, voltage is less than or equal to 5 volts, 100～200 amperes, electric current, the total energy storage of superconducting magnet can reach 100 kilojoules.Approximately 10 minutes charging energy-storing time.For inductance, be the fixed drive coil of 1 henry, release and can drive the shortest deadline to be less than 0.1 second.Ejector is maximum produces 30000 newton's propulsive efforts as shown in Figure 5, is the kinematic scheme of 600 kilograms for total mass, can produce 50 meter per seconds
2acceleration/accel.
Fig. 5 is that above-mentioned small-sized superconducting magnetic drives departmental level drive coil in ejector, is launching the propulsive effort analytic curve producing on coil.Wherein on optimum position, can produce 30000 newton's magnetic attractions.
Fig. 6 is that large-scale superconducting magnetic drives ejector trim designs figure.Drive ejector assembling the same with small-sized superconducting magnetic, the outside electromagnetism iron pipe that adopts of fixed drive coil superconducting magnet ejector surrounds.If adopting energy storage is 1,000,000 Jiao's drive coil unit, with 200 unit, form Electromagnetic Drive ejector.Propulsive effort can reach 1.2 * 10
6newton, for the object that launched of 30 tons of total masss, acceleration/accel is set as 40 meter per seconds
2, effectively catapulting distance is set as 80 meters, and minimum is launched second cosmic velocity and is set as under the condition of 80 meter per seconds (288 kilometers/hour), and the time of launching is only 2 seconds.If it is 30～120 seconds that energy storage ejector reaches the charging duration of 200,000,000 burnt energy storage, output power is about 6.7～1.7 megawatts.Average driving power if surpassing 48%, total energy efficiency both can produce 96,000,000 burnt kinetic energy, more than can reach 48 megawatts.
Claims (1)
1. directly release can an ejector for superconducting magnet, comprises low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell, superconduction drive coil, launches coil, superconduction power supply, bracing frame and launch coil low-temperature (low temperature) vessel; Wherein, low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell is the airtight container of hollow, multistage superconduction drive coil is arranged on by bracing frame on the inwall of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell, on the pipe interior axis forming, arranges and launches coil at superconduction drive coil and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel shell, launch coil can be on axis flexible motion; Described superconduction drive coil comprise at least five release when different can winding; Described low-temperature (low temperature) vessel is inner to be used liquid nitrogen, liquid helium cryogenic liquid or uses fefrigerator conduction methods for cooling, superconduction drive coil adopts high-temperature superconducting magnet or adopts cryogenic magnet, the working current of the every one-level of superconduction drive coil select from tens peaces to kilo-ampere, the number of turn of every one-level changes to thousands of circles from hundreds of circle; Every one-level superconduction drive coil is equipped with a superconduction power supply, or what superconduction drive coil is equipped with a power supply; Launch coil and adopt superconducting coil or common normal conductor coil or metal ring conductor, when launching coil, adopt in the situation of superconducting coil, need to low-temperature (low temperature) vessel be installed outward launching coil;
It is characterized in that:
First superconduction power supply charges to all superconduction drive coils; Working current is raised to working current value, the powerful magnetic field that produces tesal magnitude in superconduction drive coil inside gradually from zero; After having charged, ejector can keep the long time, during this period of time in, superconduction drive coil is consumed energy not;
Launch beginning, launch coil and first from one end, approach superconduction drive coil, corresponding one-level superconduction drive coil is cut off the electricity supply by switch at once, according to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, can induce at once an equidirectional electric current launching coil inside, form powerful magnetic field in the same way, launching between coil and a series of superconduction drive coil, because high-intensity magnetic field attracts to produce powerful attractive force, gravitation sucks in next stage superconduction drive coil with the form suspending fast by launching coil, while entering next stage superconduction drive coil, corresponding superconduction drive coil is cut off the electricity supply simultaneously, such process successively goes on, launching coil just can constantly accelerate, realize electromagnetic launch object.
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| CN110384936B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-04-13 | 成都泰隆游乐实业有限公司 | Waterproof electromagnetic ejection motor and water amusement equipment |
| CN114572415A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-06-03 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Launching device and method for aircraft takeoff |
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