CN102318512B - 一种调控油菜种皮颜色的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种调控油菜种皮颜色的方法。该方法是在油菜收割前8-15天，选择阴天或晴天的黄昏，用充分混匀后的含60-80mg/L脱落酸（AbscisicAcid）和0.5-0.8g/L的吐温40（Tween40）的溶液，喷洒油菜角果。通过该方法可以减少种皮色素的合成，降低种皮色素的含量，增加种皮透明度，促进油菜黄籽的形成，提高油菜的品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业应用生物技术领域，特别是涉及一种调控油菜种皮颜色的方法。
背景技术
研究表明，在相同遗传背景下，黄色种皮油菜（黄籽油菜）与黑色种皮油菜（黑籽油菜）相比具有种皮薄、含油量高、油中色素少而透明等优点。因此在油菜育种和栽培中获得种皮色素少，黄籽度高的油菜一直是油菜育种家们最关心的问题。
无论是黄籽油菜还是黑籽油菜种子的胚都是黄色的，油菜黄籽度高低取决于种皮的颜色。前人的许多研究报道了油菜种皮颜色的变化时期和种皮颜色的空间差异，但没有探究造成种皮颜色差异的内在原因；有研究报道种子发育过程中种皮色素物质的差异，认为是多酚的含量导致的种皮颜色的变化，有些研究认为木质素是引起种皮色泽差异的物质之一，我们研究认为种皮中花色素、原花色素和黑色素等是导致油菜种皮颜色差异的主要原因。植物体内的色素是通过一系列生化反应合成的，种皮色素与其他物质代谢相互关联，各代谢过程都需要酶的催化，各代谢都有特定的代谢产物，代谢产物影响了油菜种皮颜色的表型。
在拟南芥中，种皮颜色的变化与控制类黄酮（flavonoid）合成基因的变异有关。我们在研究油菜种皮颜色形成的生物途径时，在芥菜型油菜中克隆了类黄酮合成途径中的基因，然后以芥菜型油菜黄黑籽近等基因系授粉10天，20天的种皮为材料，对类黄酮合成途径中的基因进行了差异表达分析（RT-PCR,Northern杂交），发现黄黑籽种皮的类黄酮合成途径中二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因（DFR）、花色素合成酶基因（ANS）和花色素还原酶基因（ANR）等基因在黄黑籽种皮中表达有差异，在黄籽油菜的种皮中没有检测到这3个基因的表达，同时还发现种皮颜色的深浅与DFR等基因的表达量呈正相关，表达量越大，色素积累越多，种皮颜色越深。我们在研究植物激素对油菜种皮颜色形成的影响时，发现脱落酸（Abscisic Acid）能够抑制DFR等基因的表达，从而降低种皮中的色素含量，使种皮颜色变浅甚至透明。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种调控油菜种皮颜色的方法，通过该方法可以调控种皮颜色形成相关基因的表达，减少色素的合成，降低种皮色素的含量，增加种皮透明度，促进油菜黄籽的形成，提高油菜的品质。
本发明所采用的技术方案：选择阴天或晴天的黄昏，用充分混匀后的含60-80mg/L脱落酸（Abscisic Acid）和0.5-0.8g/L的吐温40（Tween 40）的溶液，喷洒收割前8-15天的油菜角果。
所述脱落酸的最佳浓度为75mg/L，所述吐温40的最佳浓度为0.7g/L。
本发明的有益效果：通过该方法处理的甘蓝型黑籽油菜材料，其种皮的黑色素和花色素含量分别下降了30-40%和45-55%；处理的芥菜型黑籽油菜材料，其种皮的黑色素和花色素含量分别下降了40-45%和50-60%；处理的甘蓝型黄籽材料，其种皮的黑色素和花色素含量分别下降了25-35%和35-50%，黄籽率提高了25-40%。
本发明是基于申请人前期的研究成果而产生的，操作简单，使用的试剂量少且成本低，降低油菜种皮色素含量的效果明显，可以提高油菜的黄籽率，从而提高菜油的品质。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取0.5亩的甘蓝型黑籽油菜田块，在收割前8天的阴天，用充分混匀后的含70mg/L脱落酸（Abscisic Acid）和0.7g/L的吐温40（Tween 40）液体，喷洒油菜角果，收获后种皮的黑色素和花色素含量分别下降35%和52%。
实施例2
取0.1亩的芥菜型黑籽油菜田块，在收割前10天的晴天的黄昏，用充分混匀后含60mg/L脱落酸和0.5g/L吐温40的液体，喷洒油菜角果，收获后种皮的黑色素和花色素含量分别下降43%和52%。
实施例3
取2亩的甘蓝型黄籽油菜田块，在收割前15天的晴天的黄昏，用充分混匀的含80mg/L脱落酸和0.8g/L的吐温40的液体，喷洒油菜角果，收获后种皮中的黑色素和花色素含量分别下降了32%和37%，黄籽率提高31%。
Claims (2)
1. 一种调控油菜种皮颜色的方法，其特征在于，油菜收割前8-15天，选择阴天的黄昏或者晴天的黄昏，用充分混匀后的含60-80mg/L脱落酸（Abscisic Acid）和0.5-0.8g/L的吐温40（Tween 40）的溶液，喷洒油菜角果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调控油菜种皮颜色的方法，其特征在于，所述脱落酸的最佳浓度为75mg/L，所述吐温40的最佳浓度为0.7g/L。
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| EP2394508A1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2011-12-14 | Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | Low fiber yellow canola seeds comprising high oleic, low linolenic oil |
| WO2010011809A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Valent Biosciences Corporation | Salts, aqueous liquid compositions containing salts of s-(+)-abscisic acid and methods of their preparation |
| CN102134587B (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-08-22 | 湖南科技大学 | 一种油菜种子发育极早期种皮颜色鉴定试剂盒及鉴定方法 |
| CN102226193B (zh) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-06-19 | 西南大学 | 甘蓝型油菜及其亲本物种白菜和甘蓝mybl2基因家族及其应用 |
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