CN102315473A - Lithium ion flow redox battery - Google Patents
Lithium ion flow redox battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102315473A CN102315473A CN201110175924A CN201110175924A CN102315473A CN 102315473 A CN102315473 A CN 102315473A CN 201110175924 A CN201110175924 A CN 201110175924A CN 201110175924 A CN201110175924 A CN 201110175924A CN 102315473 A CN102315473 A CN 102315473A
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- lithium ion
- lithium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion flow redox battery, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The lithium ion flow redox battery comprises a positive electrode suspension tank, a negative electrode suspension tank and a battery reactor, wherein the positive electrode suspension tank contains the mixture of positive electrode composite material particles and an electrolyte; the negative electrode suspension tank contains negative electrode composite material particles and an electrolyte; the battery reactor comprises a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector and one layer or a plurality of layers of microporous separators; the microporous separators separate the positive electrode current collector from the negative electrode current collector in an insulation mode so as to respectively form a positive electrode chamber and a negative electrode chamber; the positive electrode chamber is communicated with the positive electrode suspension tank through a seal pipeline; and the negative electrode chamber is communicated with the negative electrode suspension tank through a seal pipeline. Compared with a full vanadium flow redox battery, the lithium ion flow redox battery has the advantage of high energy density, the adoption of the environmentally-friendly and non-toxic electrolyte and low cost, and is applicable to large-scale energy storage of power grids.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion flow battery that can be used for extensive energy storage, belong to technical field of lithium ion.
Background technology
The extensive use of electric energy is considered to one of human maximum achievement of 20th century.Power industry becomes one of national most important basic industry.Modern power systems develops to the direction of big electrical network, big unit, keeps the stability of electrical network to become more and more important for electric power system.Be to realize stable power-supplying, develop that the scale energy storage technology is significant efficiently.
All-vanadium flow battery can be realized the storage and the release of electric energy through the variation of valence of the active vanadium ion in the positive and negative electrode solution.The both positive and negative polarity active substance solution of all-vanadium flow battery is divided in two holding vessels, promotes down at liquid pump, and solution takes place respectively to reduce and oxidation reaction on the electrode of PEM both sides through the closed conduit pile of flowing through.Therefore, but the power output of all-vanadium flow battery and stored energy capacitance independent design, and this is the unique distinction that flow battery significantly is different from other chemical cell, also is the maximum technical advantage that flow battery might be applied to extensive energy storage simultaneously.But all-vanadium flow battery exists major defect: the electrolyte of all-vanadium flow battery can produce waste gas, dust and waste water in manufacture process, and the sulfuric acid waste that especially contains vanadium is dealt with improperly may polluted river water or underground water, forms environmental pollution.In addition, other condemned MAT'L of vanadium cell, especially plastics/graphite composite conducting plate is difficult to get into production link again through the mode of circular regeneration.
The tradition lithium ion battery is a kind of rechargeable battery that relies on lithium ion between positive and negative electrode, to move work, and the electrolyte of battery is immobilising, is sealed in cell inside.Though it have high voltage, specific energy big, have extended cycle life, memoryless, pollute characteristics such as little, operating temperature range height; But the cost of high capacity lithium ion battery and safety in utilization are outstanding problems always, hindered its its as the sizable application of electrical network energy-storage system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the advantage of comprehensive flow battery and lithium ion battery, designs a kind of safety and environmental protection, power density is big, energy efficiency is high, cost is low lithium ion flow battery.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following manner:
Lithium ion flow battery of the present invention is made up of anodal pool of suspension, negative pole pool of suspension, cell reaction device, liquid pump and closed conduit.Wherein, anodal pool of suspension holds the mixture of anode composite material particle and electrolyte, and the negative pole pool of suspension holds the mixture of anode material particle and electrolyte.Mixture flows between pool of suspension and cell reaction device through closed conduit under liquid pump promotes.The cell reaction device can be the structure of " just interior outward negative ": the plus plate current-collecting body that comprises tubular construction; Placing tubular construction outer field is the plastic insulation shell; Place tubular construction inside that bar-shaped negative current collector is arranged, place one or more layers microporosity separator between plus plate current-collecting body and the negative current collector.Wherein, The plus plate current-collecting body material can be selected stainless steel, aluminium alloy or electrically conductive graphite for use; The negative current collector material can be selected the metal material of stainless steel, copper alloy, electrically conductive graphite or other surface plating lithium alloy for use; The cell reaction device also can be the structure of " outer negative in just ": comprise the negative current collector of tubular construction, placing tubular construction outer field is the plastic insulation shell, places tubular construction inside that bar-shaped plus plate current-collecting body is arranged; Place one or more layers microporosity separator between negative current collector and the plus plate current-collecting body; In the partition pores is the nonconducting electrolyte of electronics, and above-mentioned microporosity separator separates plus plate current-collecting body and negative current collector insulation, and forms anode chamber and negative pole chamber respectively.Anode chamber is imported and exported through closed conduit and is communicated with anodal pool of suspension, and the negative pole chamber is imported and exported through closed conduit and is communicated with the negative pole pool of suspension.
The anode composite material particle of lithium ion flow battery is the composite particles of positive electrode active materials and conductive adhesive.Wherein positive electrode active materials is the LiFePO 4 (LiFePO that contains lithium
4), doped lithium manganese oxide (Li
0.9~1.2M
0~0.2Mn
2O
4, M is one or more elements among Na, Mg, Ca, Ni, the Co), lithium and cobalt oxides (LiCoO
2), lithium-nickel-cobalt-oxygen thing (LiNi
0.8Co
0.2O
2), lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxidation thing (LiNi
1/3Mn
1/3Co
1/3O
2Or LiNi
2/5Mn
2/5Co
1/5O
2) and other contain one or more mixtures of lithium metal oxide; Conductive adhesive is one or more mixtures of the Kynoar (PVDF), acrylate glue (LA132), butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) and other conducting polymer materials that are mixed with metal or material with carbon element conductive agent.
The anode material particle of lithium ion flow battery is the composite particles of negative active core-shell material and conductive adhesive.Wherein, negative active core-shell material be can reversible embedding lithium acieral, silicon-base alloy, kamash alloy, Li-Ti oxide (Li
4Ti
5O
12), one or more mixtures of material with carbon element; Conductive adhesive is one or more mixtures of the Kynoar (PVDF), acrylate glue (LA132), butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) and other conducting polymer materials that are mixed with metal or material with carbon element conductive agent.
The electrolyte of lithium ion flow battery adopts lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF
6) or biethyl diacid lithium borate (LiB [(OCO)
2]
2, LiBOB) being dissolved in the solution of organic solvent, the concentration of solution is smaller or equal to 2mol/L.Described organic solvent comprises one or more mixed solvents of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC).
Above-mentioned microporosity separator can be formed by stacking one or more complex superposition with the nonconducting micropore ceramics material of electronics in the organic barrier film of micropore.Microporosity separator also can be the gel polymer electrolyte composite material of polymeric matrix, the organic plasticizer of liquid and the compound formation of lithium salts three parts.
With infusion pump suspension is circulated during the work of lithium ion flow battery, suspension flows between pool of suspension and cell reaction device through closed conduit under liquid pump promotes, and flow velocity can be regulated according to suspension concentration and ambient temperature.
Characteristics of the present invention have:
1) the present invention is as flow battery, has that scale is big, power output and characteristics such as stored energy capacitance is independently of one another, the life-span is long, cost is low.
2) the present invention is as lithium ion battery, has the voltage height, characteristics such as specific energy is big, specific power is big, environmental protection, operating temperature range are big.
3) the both positive and negative polarity reaction than all-vanadium flow battery can only take place on the battery lead plate face; The present invention is through the concentration of electrode composite material particle in the adjustment electrode suspension; Make suspension have network electronic conductivity; Reaction can take place at the suspension in the cell reaction device when discharging and recharging thus, can improve charge greatly.
4) than full vanadium cell with sulfuric acid that severe corrosive is arranged as electrolyte, electrolyte of the present invention adopts organic solvent, corrosivity is very little, and then the corrosion resistance of materials such as barrier film, electrode, electrolytic cell, pump is required to reduce greatly.
5) hypertoxicity of high price vanadium ion in the all-vanadium flow battery, both positive and negative polarity material of the present invention adopts lithium salts and graphite granule, and electrolyte adopts organic solvent, and toxicity is very little.
6) expensive than the static traditional high capacity lithium ion battery of electrolyte; The present invention can practice thrift a large amount of battery diaphragms, Copper Foil and aluminum foil material; Battery volume energy density and mass energy density also are significantly increased; Cell preparation needn't be used battery manufacturing equipments such as expensive coating machine, slicing machine, lamination machine, so the cost of material of battery and manufacturing cost reduce greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of lithium ion flow battery, among the figure: the anodal pool of suspension of 1-; 2-negative pole pool of suspension; 3-cell reaction device; The 4-liquid pump; The 5-closed conduit; The 6-plus plate current-collecting body; 7-plastic insulation shell; The 8-negative current collector; The 9-microporosity separator; The 10-anode chamber; 11-negative pole chamber.
Fig. 2 is the A cross section structure sketch map of cell reaction device, among the figure: the 6-plus plate current-collecting body; 7-plastic insulation shell; The 8-negative current collector; The 9-microporosity separator; The 10-anode chamber; 11-negative pole chamber.
Embodiment
Lithium ion flow battery of the present invention is made up of anodal pool of suspension 1, negative pole pool of suspension 2, cell reaction device 3, liquid pump 4 and closed conduit 5, and is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.Wherein, anodal pool of suspension 1 holds the mixture of anode composite material particle and electrolyte, and negative pole pool of suspension 2 holds the mixture of anode material particle and electrolyte.Mixture flows between pool of suspension and cell reaction device 3 through closed conduit 5 under liquid pump 4 promotes.Cell reaction device 3 comprises the plus plate current-collecting body 6 of tubular construction, places the outer field plastic insulation shell 7 of tubular construction, places the inner bar-shaped negative current collector 8 of tubular construction, places one or more layers microporosity separator 9 between plus plate current-collecting body 6 and the negative current collector 8.8 insulation separate microporosity separator 9 with negative current collector with plus plate current-collecting body 6, and form anode chamber 10 and negative pole chamber 11 respectively, are the nonconducting electrolyte of electronics in the hole of microporosity separator 9.The import and export of anode chamber 10 are communicated with anodal pool of suspension 1 through closed conduit, and the import and export of negative pole chamber 11 are communicated with negative pole pool of suspension 2 through closed conduit.
The battery operated principle of the present invention: when battery discharge; The lithium ion of the anode material granule interior in the negative pole chamber 11 takes off embedding and goes out; Get into electrolyte, and arrive anode chamber 10, be embedded into the anode composite material granule interior through microporosity separator 9 inner micro channels; Meanwhile, the electronics of the anode material granule interior in the negative pole chamber 11 flows into negative current collector 8, and gets into plus plate current-collecting body 6 through the completion acting back, external circuit of battery, embeds the anode composite material granule interior at last.The process of battery charge is in contrast: the lithium ion of the anode composite material granule interior in the anode chamber 10 takes off embedding and goes out, and gets into electrolyte, and arrives negative pole chamber 11 through microporosity separator 9 inner micro channels, is embedded into the anode material granule interior; Meanwhile, the electronics of the anode composite material granule interior in the anode chamber 10 flows into plus plate current-collecting body 6, and through getting into negative current collector 8 behind the charge circuit of outside batteries, embeds the anode material granule interior at last.In above-mentioned discharge and charging process; Anode composite material particle in the anode chamber 10 is in mobile state; And through between particle and the particle contact and particle contacts with the surface of plus plate current-collecting body 6; Form network-like electron conduction passage, the anode material particle in the negative pole chamber 11 also similarly.Like this, constituted a complete cell reaction system.
Claims (10)
1. lithium ion flow battery; It is characterized in that: said lithium ion flow battery comprises anodal pool of suspension, negative pole pool of suspension and cell reaction device; Anodal pool of suspension holds the mixture of anode composite material particle and electrolyte; The negative pole pool of suspension holds the mixture of anode material particle and electrolyte; Said cell reaction device comprises plus plate current-collecting body, negative current collector and one or more layers microporosity separator, and microporosity separator separates plus plate current-collecting body and negative current collector insulation, and forms anode chamber and negative pole chamber respectively; The import and export of anode chamber is communicated with anodal pool of suspension through closed conduit respectively, and the import and export of negative pole chamber is communicated with the negative pole pool of suspension through closed conduit respectively.
2. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said anode composite material particle is the composite particles of positive electrode active materials and conductive adhesive, and positive electrode active materials is that the LiFePO 4 that contains lithium, doped lithium manganese oxide, lithium and cobalt oxides, lithium-nickel-cobalt-oxygen thing, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxidation thing and other contain one or more mixtures of lithium metal oxide; Conductive adhesive is one or more mixtures of the Kynoar, acrylate glue, butadiene-styrene rubber and other conducting polymer materials that are mixed with metal or material with carbon element conductive agent.
3. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said anode material particle is the composite particles of negative active core-shell material and conductive adhesive; Wherein, negative active core-shell material is acieral, silicon-base alloy, kamash alloy, Li-Ti oxide that can reversible embedding lithium, one or more mixtures of material with carbon element; Conductive adhesive is one or more mixtures of the Kynoar, acrylate glue, butadiene-styrene rubber and other conducting polymer materials that are mixed with metal or material with carbon element conductive agent.
4. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said electrolyte adopts lithium hexafluoro phosphate or biethyl diacid lithium borate to be dissolved in the solution of organic solvent; The concentration of solution is smaller or equal to 2mol/L, and said organic solvent comprises one or more mixed solvents of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate.
5. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the plus plate current-collecting body of said cell reaction device is a tubular construction; Place tubular anode collection body structure outer be the plastic insulation shell, place tubular plus plate current-collecting body inside configuration that bar-shaped negative current collector is arranged; Or said cell reaction device comprises the negative current collector of tubular construction; Place tubular negative pole currect collecting body structure outer be the plastic insulation shell; Place tubular negative current collector inside configuration that bar-shaped plus plate current-collecting body is arranged; Wherein, plus plate current-collecting body material selection stainless steel, aluminium alloy or electrically conductive graphite a kind of, a kind of in the metal material of negative current collector material selection stainless steel, copper alloy, electrically conductive graphite or other surface plating lithium alloy.
6. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: microporosity separator is that quantity is no less than the organic barrier film of two-layer micropore and is formed by stacking; The organic diaphragm material of micropore is polyethylene, polypropylene, Kynoar or the nonconducting polymeric material of other electronics; Aperture≤0.50 μ the m that wherein has the organic barrier film of one deck micropore at least, porosity>=30%; In the hole of microporosity separator is the nonconducting electrolyte of electronics.
7. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: microporosity separator is the nonconducting micropore Al of electronics
2O
3Ceramic material, micropore SiO
2Ceramic material, micropore TiO
2Ceramic material, micropore ZrO
2The nonconducting micropore ceramics material of ceramic material or other electronics, the aperture of microporosity separator≤2.0 μ m; In the hole of microporosity separator is the nonconducting electrolyte of electronics.
8. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: microporosity separator is the gel polymer electrolyte composite material of the nonconducting polymeric matrix of electronics, the organic plasticizer of liquid and the compound formation of lithium salts three parts, is the nonconducting electrolyte of electronics in the hole of microporosity separator.
9. according to claim 6,7 or 8 described lithium ion flow batteries, it is characterized in that: microporosity separator is the composite microporous dividing plate of any two or three in the organic barrier film of micropore, micropore ceramics material and the gel polymer electrolyte composite material; In the hole of composite microporous dividing plate is the nonconducting electrolyte of electronics.
10. lithium ion flow battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on closed conduit, be provided with liquid pump, positive and negative pool of suspension mixture is flowing between positive and negative pool of suspension and cell reaction device under the liquid pump effect.
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CN102664268A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-12 | 北京好风光储能技术有限公司 | Composite electrode active particle and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN103117406A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-22 | 北京好风光储能技术有限公司 | Lithium flow battery reactor and electrode suspension liquid lithium intercalated synthesis method |
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CN104716373A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 中国人民解放军63971部队 | Flow battery with negative electrode of titanium pair |
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