CN102305930A - Method for inhibiting precipitation clutter in radar echo - Google Patents

Method for inhibiting precipitation clutter in radar echo Download PDF

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CN102305930A
CN102305930A CN201110146009A CN201110146009A CN102305930A CN 102305930 A CN102305930 A CN 102305930A CN 201110146009 A CN201110146009 A CN 201110146009A CN 201110146009 A CN201110146009 A CN 201110146009A CN 102305930 A CN102305930 A CN 102305930A
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clutter
snow
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杨大宁
张旭升
杨世光
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Xinnuo Beidou Hangke Information Technology Xiamen Co ltd
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ZHENJIANG GUANGNING NAVIGATING ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,首先输入雷达回波图像并根据雨雪噪声分布公式对雷达回波图像进行模式匹配,识别出不同信号的分布区域;接着根据不同信号区域杂波的分布特性,对疑似目标使用染色点的方式标记;然后使用过滤器对疑似雨雪杂波信号进行分离,并对分离出的疑似雨雪杂波信号进行雨雪杂波识别,对雨雪杂波中的隐藏小目标进行二次扫描分离后将非雨雪杂波小目标传回到目标信号所在的雷达回波图像中,同时将识别出的雨雪杂波滤除;最后将处理后的雷达回波图像中的目标信号适当增强后输入到显示系统中。本发明可对雨雪等恶劣天气下的雷达回波图像进行有效的杂波去除,具有很强的实用性。

Figure 201110146009

The invention discloses a method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes. Firstly, the radar echo image is input and the radar echo image is pattern matched according to the rain and snow noise distribution formula to identify the distribution areas of different signals; The distribution characteristics of clutter in different signal areas, the suspected target is marked with dyeing points; then the filter is used to separate the suspected rain and snow clutter signals, and the separated suspected rain and snow clutter signals are identified by rain and snow clutter , the hidden small target in the rain and snow clutter is separated by secondary scanning, and the non-rain and snow clutter small target is sent back to the radar echo image where the target signal is located, and the identified rain and snow clutter is filtered out; Finally, the target signal in the processed radar echo image is properly enhanced and input to the display system. The invention can effectively remove the clutter from the radar echo image under bad weather such as rain and snow, and has strong practicability.

Figure 201110146009

Description

一种抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法A Method of Suppressing Rain and Snow Clutter in Radar Echo

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种杂波抑制方法,具体的说是一种抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法。 The invention relates to a clutter suppression method, in particular to a method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes.

背景技术 Background technique

雷达的基本原理相对简单,它以辐射电磁能量并检测反射体(目标)反射的回波的方式工作。回波信号的特性提供有关目标的信息。通过测量辐射能量传播到目标并返回的时间可得到目标的距离。目标的方位通过方向性天线〔具有窄波束的天线〕测量回波信号的到达角来鉴定。 The basic principle of radar is relatively simple, it works by radiating electromagnetic energy and detecting the echoes reflected by reflectors (targets). The characteristics of the echo signal provide information about the target. The distance to the target is obtained by measuring the time it takes for the radiant energy to travel to the target and back. The bearing of the target is identified by measuring the angle of arrival of the echo signal from a directional antenna (antenna with a narrow beam).

在在雷达微波发射和接收过程中,由于自然原因产生的雨雪,使得雷达微波在发射和接收过程中会有杂波产生,特别是回波图像,由于雨雪杂波的存在,对专业人员分析雷达回波图像造成了一定的困扰。传统导航雷达多采用模拟电路滤波器的方式对信号杂波进行降噪处理。但是这样的处理方式很难区分小目标与杂波。根据实际测试,在雨雪影响较大的环境下,传统的滤波器会将近距离小目标与杂波一同滤除。这样的处理大大影响了船员对周围目标的判断,增加了航行风险。 In the process of radar microwave transmission and reception, due to the rain and snow generated by natural reasons, there will be clutter in the process of radar microwave transmission and reception, especially the echo image. Due to the existence of rain and snow clutter, it is difficult for professionals Analyzing radar echo images caused some confusion. Traditional navigation radars mostly use analog circuit filters to reduce signal clutter noise. However, it is difficult to distinguish small targets from clutter with such a processing method. According to the actual test, in the environment with great influence of rain and snow, the traditional filter will filter out the short-distance small target and clutter together. Such treatment greatly affects the crew's judgment on surrounding targets and increases the risk of navigation.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种应用性强、效果好的抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes with strong applicability and good effect against the defects of the prior art.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案解决的: The purpose of the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions:

一种抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,所述的方法步骤如下: A method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes, the steps of the method are as follows:

(1)扫描雷达回波,获得雷达回波图像; (1) Scan the radar echo to obtain the radar echo image;

(2)在雷达回波图像的基础上,根据雨雪噪声分布公式对雷达回波图像进行模式匹配,识别出不同信号的分布区域;  (2) On the basis of the radar echo image, the radar echo image is pattern-matched according to the rain and snow noise distribution formula, and the distribution area of different signals is identified;

(3)根据不同信号区域的杂波分布特性,对疑似目标使用染色点的方式标记; (3) According to the clutter distribution characteristics of different signal areas, the suspected targets are marked with colored points;

(4)使用过滤器对疑似雨雪杂波信号进行分离; (4) Use filters to separate suspected rain and snow clutter signals;

(5)对分离出的疑似雨雪杂波信号进行雨雪杂波识别,并对其中雨雪杂波的隐藏小目标进行二次扫描,根据扫描信息,进一步分离雨雪杂波中的非雨雪杂波小目标并将非雨雪杂波小目标传回到目标信号所在的雷达回波图像中,同时将识别出的雨雪杂波滤除; (5) Carry out rain and snow clutter recognition on the separated suspected rain and snow clutter signals, and perform a second scan on the hidden small targets in the rain and snow clutter, and further separate the non-rain clutter in the rain and snow clutter according to the scanning information. Small snow clutter targets and non-rain and snow clutter small targets are returned to the radar echo image where the target signal is located, and the identified rain and snow clutter are filtered out;

(6)将处理后的雷达回波图像中的目标信号适当增强后输入到显示系统中。 (6) Appropriately enhance the target signal in the processed radar echo image and input it into the display system.

所述步骤(2)中的雨雪噪声分布公式为: The rain and snow noise distribution formula in the step (2) is:

Figure 261985DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure 261985DEST_PATH_IMAGE001

其中,P为回波强度值;σN为本圈回波强度参数;σN-1为上圈回波强度参数;M为扫描点距离扫描图像中心点的距离;λ为波长。 Among them, P is the echo intensity value; σ N is the echo intensity parameter of this circle; σ N-1 is the echo intensity parameter of the upper circle; M is the distance between the scanning point and the center point of the scanning image; λ is the wavelength.

所述步骤(2)中的雨雪噪声分布公式为:

Figure 271398DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The rain and snow noise distribution formula in the step (2) is:
Figure 271398DEST_PATH_IMAGE002

    其中,f(x)为雨雪强度值;μ=0;σ=1.8;x表示扫描点距离雷达中心的距离。 Among them, f(x) is the rain and snow intensity value; μ=0; σ=1.8; x represents the distance between the scanning point and the center of the radar.

所述步骤(2)中的信号分布区域为矩形分布区域、圆形分布区域和多边形分布区域。 The signal distribution area in the step (2) is a rectangular distribution area, a circular distribution area and a polygonal distribution area.

所述步骤(3)中的杂波分布特性是指:近距离杂波近似于正态分布,而远距离杂波近似于瑞利分布。 The clutter distribution characteristic in the step (3) means that the short-distance clutter approximates a normal distribution, and the long-distance clutter approximates a Rayleigh distribution.

所述步骤(5)中的雨雪杂波识别方式为:首先通过杂波分布曲线判断出雨雪杂波集中出现区域;然后在区域中找出反射最强的目标点,通过对强目标点周围目标的弱化,找出杂波中的小目标;最后通过帧相关累积判断,确认小目标。 The identification method of rain and snow clutter in the step (5) is as follows: firstly judge the area where the rain and snow clutter is concentrated through the clutter distribution curve; then find the target point with the strongest reflection in the area, Weaken the surrounding targets to find out the small targets in the clutter; finally, confirm the small targets through the frame correlation accumulation judgment.

本发明相比现有技术有如下优点: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

本发明通过对雨雪产生的形态及其回波衰减特性分析,利用数据挖掘中的先进算法,对雷达回波图像进行模式匹配,然后将符合雨雪特性的回波进行离散处理,从而逐步减弱雨雪回波,达到雨雪杂波抑制的目的;并且由于目标回波持续时间长、分布密集,因此可以被算法识别出,并有效的加强小目标。 The present invention analyzes the form of rain and snow and its echo attenuation characteristics, and uses advanced algorithms in data mining to perform pattern matching on radar echo images, and then discretely processes echoes that meet the characteristics of rain and snow, thereby gradually weakening the The rain and snow echo can achieve the purpose of rain and snow clutter suppression; and because the target echo has a long duration and dense distribution, it can be identified by the algorithm and effectively strengthen small targets.

本发明能够对在大雨或者大雪等恶劣天气下的回波图像进行有效的杂波去除,具有很强的应用性,并且能为海洋研究、船舶导航等相关领域专业研究人员提供有效的雷达图像处理。 The present invention can effectively remove clutter from echo images in severe weather such as heavy rain or heavy snow, has strong applicability, and can provide effective radar image processing for professional researchers in ocean research, ship navigation and other related fields .

附图说明 Description of drawings

附图1为未处理的雷达回波图像; Accompanying drawing 1 is unprocessed radar echo image;

附图2为处理后的雷达回波图像; Accompanying drawing 2 is the radar echo image after processing;

附图3为雷达回波图像中小目标增强后的图像; Accompanying drawing 3 is the image after the small target enhancement in radar echo image;

附图4为杂波的分布曲线示意图; Accompanying drawing 4 is the distribution curve schematic diagram of clutter;

附图5为本发明的流程示意图。 Accompanying drawing 5 is the schematic flow chart of the present invention.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

如图1-5所示:一种抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,该方法步骤如下:首先扫描雷达回波,获得雷达回波图像;然后在雷达回波图像的基础上,根据雨雪噪声分布公式:

Figure 538432DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
或者
Figure 675015DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,对雷达回波图像进行模式匹配,识别出矩形、圆形和多边形信号的分布区域;接着根据不同信号区域的近距离杂波近似于正态分布、远距离杂波近似于瑞利分布的分布特性,对疑似目标使用染色点的方式标记;第四步使用过滤器对疑似雨雪杂波信号进行分离;第五步对分离出的疑似雨雪杂波信号进行雨雪杂波识别:先通过杂波分布曲线判断出雨雪杂波集中出现区域,接着在区域中找出反射最强的目标点并通过对强目标点周围目标的弱化,找出杂波中的小目标,然后通过帧相关累积判断,确认并分离小目标,并将小目标传回到目标信号所在的雷达回波图像中,同时将识别出的雨雪杂波滤除;最后将处理后的雷达回波图像中的目标信号适当增强后输入到显示系统中。 As shown in Figure 1-5: a method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes, the steps of the method are as follows: first scan the radar echoes to obtain radar echo images; then on the basis of the radar echo images, according to Rain and snow noise distribution formula:
Figure 538432DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
or
Figure 675015DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, pattern matching is performed on the radar echo image, and the distribution areas of rectangular, circular, and polygonal signals are identified; then, according to the distribution of close-range clutter in different signal areas, which approximates a normal distribution, and long-distance clutter approximates a Rayleigh distribution characteristics, use dyeing points to mark the suspected targets; the fourth step uses the filter to separate the suspected rain and snow clutter signals; the fifth step performs rain and snow clutter identification on the separated suspected rain and snow clutter signals: The clutter distribution curve judges the area where the rain and snow clutter is concentrated, and then finds the target point with the strongest reflection in the area, and finds the small target in the clutter by weakening the targets around the strong target point, and then through frame correlation Accumulate judgment, confirm and separate the small target, and send the small target back to the radar echo image where the target signal is located, and at the same time filter out the identified rain and snow clutter; finally, the target in the processed radar echo image The signal is properly enhanced and input to the display system.

本发明在使用时,附图1和附图2为处理前后的雷达回波图像,其中白色部分为雷达回波,通过对比附图1和附图2中的白色部分可知,附图2中的白色部分被大大加强,即雷达回波中的部分杂波被剔除;同时经过对比附图1和附图2中的数据可知,雷达回波信号中的雨雪杂波由235减弱到2。由以上分析可知,本发明通过对雨雪产生的形态及其回波衰减特性分析,利用数据挖掘中的先进算法,对雷达回波图像进行模式匹配,然后将符合雨雪特性的回波进行离散处理,从而减弱雨雪回波,达到雨雪杂波抑制的目的;并且由于目标回波持续时间长、分布密集,因此可以被算法识别出,并有效的加强小目标,加强后的小目标如图3中的白色区域所示。 When the present invention is in use, accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2 are radar echo images before and after processing, wherein the white part is the radar echo, by comparing the white part in accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, it can be seen that in accompanying drawing 2 The white part is greatly enhanced, that is, part of the clutter in the radar echo is eliminated; at the same time, by comparing the data in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it can be seen that the rain and snow clutter in the radar echo signal is reduced from 235 to 2. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the present invention analyzes the form of rain and snow and its echo attenuation characteristics, and uses advanced algorithms in data mining to carry out pattern matching on radar echo images, and then discretize the echoes that meet the characteristics of rain and snow. processing, so as to weaken the rain and snow echo and achieve the purpose of rain and snow clutter suppression; and because the target echo lasts for a long time and is densely distributed, it can be identified by the algorithm and effectively strengthen the small target. The strengthened small target such as Shown in white area in Figure 3.

Claims (6)

1.一种抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,其特征在于所述的方法步骤如下: 1. a method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes is characterized in that described method steps are as follows: (1)扫描雷达回波,获得雷达回波图像; (1) Scan the radar echo to obtain the radar echo image; (2)在雷达回波图像的基础上,根据雨雪噪声分布公式对雷达回波图像进行模式匹配,识别出不同信号的分布区域;  (2) On the basis of the radar echo image, the radar echo image is pattern-matched according to the rain and snow noise distribution formula, and the distribution area of different signals is identified; (3)根据不同信号区域杂波的分布特性,对疑似目标使用染色点的方式标记; (3) According to the distribution characteristics of clutter in different signal areas, the suspected targets are marked with colored points; (4)使用过滤器对疑似雨雪杂波信号进行分离; (4) Use filters to separate suspected rain and snow clutter signals; (5)对分离出的疑似雨雪杂波信号进行雨雪杂波识别,并对其中雨雪杂波的隐藏小目标进行二次扫描,根据扫描信息,进一步分离雨雪杂波中的非雨雪杂波小目标并将非雨雪杂波小目标传回到目标信号所在的雷达回波图像中,同时将识别出的雨雪杂波滤除; (5) Carry out rain and snow clutter recognition on the separated suspected rain and snow clutter signals, and perform a second scan on the hidden small targets in the rain and snow clutter, and further separate the non-rain clutter in the rain and snow clutter according to the scanning information. Small snow clutter targets and non-rain and snow clutter small targets are returned to the radar echo image where the target signal is located, and the identified rain and snow clutter are filtered out; (6)将处理后的雷达回波图像中的目标信号适当增强后输入到显示系统中。 (6) Appropriately enhance the target signal in the processed radar echo image and input it into the display system. 2.根据权利要求1所述的抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中的雨雪噪声分布公式为: 2. The method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution formula of rain and snow noise in the step (2) is:                                                                   
Figure 562690DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 
                                                                  
Figure 562690DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 
其中,P为回波强度值;σN为本圈回波强度参数;σN-1为上圈回波强度参数;M为扫描点距离扫描图像中心点的距离;λ为波长。 Among them, P is the echo intensity value; σ N is the echo intensity parameter of this circle; σ N-1 is the echo intensity parameter of the upper circle; M is the distance between the scanning point and the center point of the scanning image; λ is the wavelength.
3.根据权利要求1所述的抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中的雨雪噪声分布公式为: 3. The method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echo according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution formula of rain and snow noise in the step (2) is:                        
Figure 280111DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
                       
Figure 280111DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
    其中,f(x)为雨雪强度值;μ=0;σ=1.8;x表示扫描点距离雷达中心的距离。 Among them, f(x) is the rain and snow intensity value; μ=0; σ=1.8; x represents the distance between the scanning point and the center of the radar.
4.根据权利要求1所述的抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(2)中的信号分布区域为矩形分布区域、圆形分布区域和多边形分布区域。 4. The method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echo according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal distribution area in the step (2) is a rectangular distribution area, a circular distribution area and a polygonal distribution area. 5.根据权利要求1所述的抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)中的杂波分布特性是指:近距离杂波近似于正态分布,而远距离杂波近似于瑞利分布。 5. The method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the clutter distribution characteristics in the step (3) refer to: close-range clutter is approximately normal distribution, and Distant clutter approximates a Rayleigh distribution. 6.根据权利要求1所述的抑制雷达回波中雨雪杂波的方法,其特征在于所述步骤(5)中的雨雪杂波识别方式为:首先通过杂波分布曲线判断出雨雪杂波集中出现区域;然后在区域中找出反射最强的目标点,通过对强目标点周围目标的弱化,找出杂波中的小目标;最后通过帧相关累积判断,确认小目标。 6. The method for suppressing rain and snow clutter in radar echoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the identification method of rain and snow clutter in the step (5) is: firstly judge the rain and snow clutter through the clutter distribution curve The area where the clutter is concentrated; then find the target point with the strongest reflection in the area, and find the small target in the clutter by weakening the targets around the strong target point; finally, confirm the small target through the frame correlation accumulation judgment.
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CN112881988A (en) * 2021-01-11 2021-06-01 西北工业大学 Clutter simulation display method in navigation radar simulation training system

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