CN102305572B - Connection structure and connection method of heat exchange tube and tube plate - Google Patents
Connection structure and connection method of heat exchange tube and tube plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102305572B CN102305572B CN 201110125812 CN201110125812A CN102305572B CN 102305572 B CN102305572 B CN 102305572B CN 201110125812 CN201110125812 CN 201110125812 CN 201110125812 A CN201110125812 A CN 201110125812A CN 102305572 B CN102305572 B CN 102305572B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a connection structure of a heat exchange tube and a tube plate. The connection structure comprises the tube plate and the heat exchange tube. The connection structure is characterized in that: a section of annular sealing groove and a section of internal thread are formed on an inner wall of a heat exchange tube hole in the tube plate; a distance between the internal thread and a heat exchange tube orifice (namely an end face of the tube plate) is smaller than the distance between the annular sealing groove and the heat exchange tube orifice; an O-shaped sealing ring is sleeved on the inner section of the heat exchange tube hole of the heat exchange tube; and the O-shaped sealing ring is placed in the annular sealing groove and in fit with the annular sealing groove and the heat exchange tube. The connection structure also comprises a threaded plug, wherein threads which are in fit with the internal thread of the tube hole in the tube plate are formed on an outer wall of the threaded plug; a hollow hole is formed inside the threaded plug; the inner wall of the hole is in fit with the outer wall of the heat exchange tube; a shrinkage step is arranged in the hole; a clearance is reserved between the step and the heat exchange tube orifice; and the material hardness of the threaded plug is lower than that of the tube plate. In the situation that the heat expansion amount of the heat exchange tube cannot influence the connection of the tube plate and the heat exchange tube, the connection structure has excellent sealing performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology of shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the pressure vessel (steel), especially a kind of structure and method that heat exchanger tube, tube sheet are linked together.
Background technology
In shell-and-tube heat exchanger design and the manufacturing, the connection between tube-to-tube sheet connection is crucial.General requirement to connecting is: good airproof performance, if produce leakage in the junction, then two kinds of (medium) fluids are understood seepages together, and are accidents caused; Enough anti-pulling-out forces are arranged, otherwise under the effect of thermal (temperature difference) stress and tube side and shell side pressure reduction, can the connection of tube-to-tube sheet connection be pulled, perhaps heat exchanger tube is broken.
Existing shell-and-tube heat exchanger heat exchanger tube and the existing connected mode of tube sheet have expanded joint, welding, expanded and welded tube joint and use.
Expanded joint is with tube expander or passes through explosive expanding; The tube end and the tubesheet holes that penetrate in the tubesheet holes are swollen; Make pipe reach plastic deformation, tubesheet holes generation strain, the tube sheet elastic restoring force combines tube-to-tube sheet connection securely; Reach and not only seal but also can two purposes of anti-pulling-out force, its structure is as shown in Figure 1.The process of expanded joint is comparatively complicated, and tube sheet work under the effect of thermal (temperature difference) stress and tube side and shell side pressure reduction for a long time, and mouthful easy inefficacy of expanding is in generation slit, junction or pull.
Welding directly is welded in heat exchanger tube on the tube sheet exactly, and is as shown in Figure 2.The advantage of welding is: do not slot in the tubesheet holes, so make simpler; Connect reliably, still can keep sealing under the high temperature; Welding plays certain booster action to tube sheet.Its shortcoming is: have certain clearance (formation dead band) between tube-to-tube sheet connection; Inner fluid does not flow in the gap; Be easy to generate couple corrosion, adopt when the two ends pipe under the situation of welding, if thermal expansion amount is big; And, then be easy to tube sheet and pipe are pulled or pipe is broken because technological reason can not adopt expansion joint to carry out thermal compensation again.
Under HTHP or the occasion of gapped corrosion, the sealing property occasion of having relatively high expectations, the heat exchanger that bears workplaces such as vibrations, fatigue load; Because the pipe end condition of work is abominable; In order to obtain better to connect effect, when connecting heat exchanger tube and tube sheet, should adopt expanded and welded tube joint and usage, the structure of welding position is as shown in Figure 3; Comprise tube sheet 1, heat exchanger tube 2 and expansion arc 3, the end of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet 1 weld together.Those skilled in the art also progressively improve expanded and welded tube joint and usage in the production implementation process; For example Chinese invention patent 201010197217.8; Disclosed expanded and welded tube joint and usage in a kind of weldering system technology of double tube plate heat exchanger equipment; The tube sheet that adopts this structure to be connected with method can improve the anti-fatigue performance of tube-to-tube sheet connection joint, eliminates corrosion and stress corrosion that the gap produces, so service life is than simple expanded joint or weld much longer.
When needs guarantee tube sheet and heat exchanger tube is not influenced by the thermal expansion amount of heat exchanger tube and can not on equipment, expansion joint be set owing to the device structure reason time, above-mentioned syndeton and method are just no longer suitable.Therefore, being connected of pipe under the specific process conditions that does not allow to weld with expanded joint and tube sheet just becomes the difficult problem that shell-and-tube heat exchanger manufactures and designs.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and be different from the conventional another kind of heat exchanger tube that connects and the syndeton and the method for attachment of tube sheet; It is identical and pressure is equal basically to be used for solving the medium of shell-and-tube heat exchanger equipment at the tube sheet two ends; The resistance drop that pressure differential just produces owing to the pipeline of flowing through; Its resistance drop is very little, greatly in 0.2MPa; The tube sheet two ends allow under the applying working condition of micro-leakage situation; And in the time of can not on equipment, expansion joint being set owing to the device structure reason, do not allow to adopt the method for expanded joint or welding to come the tube sheet of tube connector shell heat exchanger and heat exchanger tube not influenced by the thermal expansion amount of heat exchanger tube to guarantee tube sheet and heat exchanger tube.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
The syndeton of a kind of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet; Comprise tube sheet and heat exchanger tube; It is characterized in that: the heat exchange pore inwall on tube sheet has one section annular seal groove and one section internal thread; Wherein internal thread is nearer than the position of ring packing slot pitch heat exchanger tube mouth apart from the position of the heat exchange mouth of pipe (that is tube sheet end face), is positioned at heat exchanger tube to be with " O " type sealing ring on the heat exchange pore inner segment, and " O " type sealing ring is placed in the annular seal groove and cooperates with annular seal groove and heat exchanger tube; This syndeton also comprises a screw plug; The screw plug outer wall have with tube sheet on the screw thread that matches of pore internal thread, there is the hole of a hollow screw plug inside, the inwall in hole cooperates with the heat exchanger tube outer wall; And the step that a contraction is arranged in the hole; Leave the gap between this step and the heat exchange mouth of pipe, this gap is in order to guarantee the needed space of heat exchanger tube free wxpansion, and the material hardness of screw plug is lower than tube sheet.
The method of attachment of a kind of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet comprises the steps:
A. tube sheet is processed, the tube sheet face should with the heat exchanger tube axis normal, and on tube sheet processing heat exchange pore;
B. in the heat exchange pore, process annular seal groove, on this groove apart from the nearest end face of tube sheet opening and the distance between the tube sheet opening greater than 20 mm, and more than the big 3mm of external diameter of the width of groove than " O " type sealing ring;
C. machining internal thread in the heat exchange pore, the length of internal thread is more than or equal to 20mm;
D. choose heat exchanger tube, heat exchanger tube is a high accuracy level drawn tube, and does not allow splicing; Requiring heat exchanger tube to surpass by root visits and the water pressure test; Surfaces externally and internally to pipe is handled, and makes the inside and outside smooth surface of pipe, straight, the oxide skin of cleaning surfaces externally and internally;
E. heat exchanger tube is penetrated the heat exchange pore, and on the section of penetrating suit " O " type sealing ring, screw plug is enclosed within outside the heat exchanger tube, rotation is packed in the heat exchange pore on the tube sheet.
Preferably, before the B step, increase the pressure testing step, confirm the minimum length of heat exchange pore internal thread and screw plug, comprise the steps:
1) assembling structure for pressure test; Structure for pressure test comprises the obturator with mouth of pipe; Part wall in the obturator is the test wall, and this test wall is identical with the material and the thickness of heat exchange tube sheet, and the heat exchange pore is used in the processing test on the test wall; Processing is tested with annular seal groove and internal thread in testing with the heat exchange pore then, and with being fixed therein after the heat exchanger tube shutoff;
2) cover " O " type sealing ring on heat exchanger tube is enclosed within screw plug outside the heat exchanger tube, and rotation is packed test on the test wall into in the heat exchange pore;
3) inject the liquid pressurization from the mouth of pipe then, boost to test pressure, stop to suppress; Carry out pressurize, between hold period, observe the liquid leak case of heat exchange pipe end; If do not satisfy instructions for use, then increase the screw plug screw-in length and satisfy instructions for use until the liquid amount of leakage;
4) screw-in length of the qualified rear thread plug of record pressure testing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following: the present invention is connected heat exchanger tube and tube sheet with screw plug with the syndeton that " O " type sealing ring cooperates; Because screw plug can be installed at last; Make annular seal groove processing become more convenient with " O " type sealing ring assembling process; Guarantee processing and assembly precision; Can guarantee the good seal performance of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet, solved the problem that independent employing " O " type sealing ring can't reach seal request, and the thermal expansion amount of heat exchanger tube can not influence being connected of tube sheet and heat exchanger tube.
Description of drawings
The present invention will explain through example and with reference to the mode of accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of expanded joint structure in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a welded sketch map in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is the sketch map of expanded and welded tube joint and usage syndeton in the prior art.
Fig. 4 adopts the part sketch map that heat exchanger tube is connected with tube sheet in specific embodiment of the inventive method.
Fig. 5 is the sketch map of an experiment utensil using in the inventive method.
The specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1 of the present invention, the syndeton of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet, as shown in Figure 4; Main body is combined by tube sheet 1, heat exchanger tube 2, screw plug 5, " O " type sealing ring 4, and the heat exchange pore inwall on tube sheet 1 has one section annular seal groove and one section internal thread, and wherein internal thread is nearer than the position of ring packing slot pitch heat exchanger tube mouth apart from the position of the heat exchange mouth of pipe (that is tube sheet end face); Be positioned at heat exchanger tube 2 and be with " O " type sealing ring 4 on the heat exchange pore inner segment; " O " type sealing ring 4 cooperates with annular seal groove and heat exchanger tube, and this syndeton also comprises a screw plug 5, screw plug 5 outer walls have with tube sheet on the screw thread that matches of pore internal thread; There is the hole of a hollow screw plug inside; The inwall in hole cooperates with heat exchanger tube 2 outer walls, and the step of a contraction is arranged in the hole, leaves the gap between this step and the heat exchange mouth of pipe; This gap is in order to guarantee the needed space of heat exchanger tube free wxpansion, and the material hardness of screw plug is lower than tube sheet.
Below will combine the specific embodiment of heat exchange tube sheet in the combination ammonia cooler that technical scheme of the present invention and beneficial effect are set forth:
Choose tube sheet, the material requirements of tube sheet 1: tube sheet material is mainly confirmed by factors such as the feasibility of the service condition (comprising design temperature, design pressure, dielectric property and operating feature) of equipment, material welding performance, manufacturing process and economic rationalities.The medium that is used to make up ammonia cooler is: shell side exhaust gas, tube side circulating air; Tube sheet two ends media operation temperature: the hot junction is 38 ℃, and cold junction is-6 ℃; The design temperature at tube sheet two ends is-20～66 ℃; The operating pressure at tube sheet two ends is 14.1MPa, and the design pressure at tube sheet two ends is 15.5MP, and the design pressure of this tube sheet is pressed the pressure reduction of 0.25MPa and confirmed; Selected tube sheet material is 16MnDIV, and the chemical composition of forging and mechanical performance should meet the regulation among the JB4727 " low-temperature pressure container is used the low-alloy steel forging ".The thickness requirement of tube sheet 1: tube plate thickness carries out the definite thickness that needs of intensity calculating according to the applying working condition of equipment; And the annular seal groove that pore need be processed on tube sheet and internal thread syndeton confirm be connected length (i.e. the structural thickness of needs); Get the final thickness of its said two devices thickness sum as tube sheet, tube plate thickness is 75mm in this example.
Processing heat exchange pore on tube sheet 1, the heat exchange pore spread pattern of tube sheet 1: according to requiring among the GB151: the arrangement mode of heat exchanger tube has equilateral triangle, square, corner equilateral triangle, four kinds of arrangement modes of corner square; Comb mode in this example is an equilateral triangle; The heat exchange pore is 267-φ 19.25
; Heat exchanger tube specification φ 19 * 2; After the drilling of tubesheet permission bridge width of (bore eventually side)>=96% necessary>=19.75mm;, the minimum bridge width of permission (≤4% bridge number) is 10.48mm.The heat exchange pore of tube sheet 1 requires: for reducing flowing of medium, the size and the tolerance of tube sheet pore are confirmed according to regulation among the GB151 according to the heat exchanger tube specification.
The requirement of annular seal groove: the external diameter of groove is chosen according to the specification of " O " type sealing ring, and the diameter of its groove is more bigger than " O " type sealing ring.Hole in this example is φ 28.7
+ 0.050, the external diameter φ 28.65 of " O " type sealing ring
+ 0.1, the internal diameter of " O " type sealing ring is φ 18.65
+ 0.1, more smaller than heat exchanger tube external diameter; The width of groove is than the big 3mm of " O " type sealing ring, and groove is confirmed after reach has been confirmed according to experimental result in the position of pore.Reserve certain clearance between tube sheet 1 and screw plug 5 assemblings; Mainly be the space length size in order to guarantee that heat exchanger tube needs owing to thermal expansion, because the material of heat exchanger tube and heat exchanger shell is different, its thermal expansion amount is also different under the operation operating mode; In heat exchanger, often be employed in the method that adds expansion joint on the shell-side cylinder; And the particularity of combination ammonia cooler technology can not be employed in the method that adds expansion joint on the shell-side cylinder, and this gap is exactly the space of reserving for the thermal expansion of heat exchanger tube, and it is 4mm that the combination ammonia cooler is reserved thermal expansion length; Promptly after installation, the distance between the medial surface of the step of screw plug 5 and the heat exchanger tube open end is 4mm.
The heat exchanger tube internal thread hole of tube sheet 1 requires: the length of internal thread hole is one of important factor of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet sealing effectiveness, and internal thread length is 22mm in this example.The thread size tolerance is pressed GB/T196-2003, and tolerance is pressed GB/197-2003.
The requirement of heat exchanger tube 2: choose according to high accuracy level drawn tube; Do not allow splicing; Require to surpass the spy and the water pressure test by root, heat exchanger tube external diameter and wall thickness deviation are controlled by the tight person of GB151 and heat exchange tube material both criteria, are the sealing that guarantees tube sheet and pipe; The surfaces externally and internally of pipe must be smooth, bright straight; Do not allow buckling phenomenon to exist, impression, pit, crackle can not be arranged, fold, scab, layering, pull and any defective existence that influence poling such as concavo-convex, the oxide skin of surfaces externally and internally must be removed totally.Be used to make up that flow media is that circulating air, the outer flow media of pipe are exhaust gas in the pipe of heat exchanger tube of ammonia cooler, medium temperature is-6～38 ℃, and selected heat exchanger tube is material 20 steel, and the tube material standard must meet material standard GB6479-2000.
The hardness of the material of screw plug 5 must be lower than tube sheet, and the screw plug material that is used to make up ammonia cooler in this example is 16Mn.
The material of " O " type sealing ring 4 must satisfy dielectric property (temperature, pressure, corrosivity), and appearance and size, material and performance indications are carried out selection according to " GB-1235-76 " standard.The material that is used to make up " O " type sealing ring 4 of ammonia cooler is a fluorubber, and its sizing material group is an III-1.
In order to confirm the length of internal thread, guarantee that leakage rate meets the demands before the internal thread in processing heat exchange pore, carried out following test:
1) assembling structure for pressure test; As shown in Figure 5, structure for pressure test comprises and has the mouth of pipe obturator 7 of (import 8, outlet 9), and the part wall in the obturator 7 is test wall 10; This test wall 10 is identical with the material and the thickness of heat exchange tube sheet 1; The heat exchange pore use in processing test on test wall 10, then test with the heat exchange pore in the processing test with annular seal groove and internal thread, an end of heat exchanger tube 2 is fixed (spot welding is fixed) in testing with the heat exchange pore after with blind plate 6 shutoff;
2) cover " O " type sealing ring on heat exchanger tube is enclosed within screw plug 5 outside the heat exchanger tube, and rotation is packed test on the test wall into in the heat exchange pore;
3) inject the liquid pressurization from the mouth of pipe then, boost to test pressure, stop to suppress; Carry out pressurize, between hold period, observe the liquid leak case of heat exchange pipe end; If do not satisfy instructions for use, then increase the screw plug screw-in length and satisfy instructions for use until the liquid amount of leakage;
Make an experiment after by above-mentioned steps component-assembled, the sealing of checking tube sheet and heat exchanger tube, following table is the test data under different reach situation in the present embodiment,
Test temperature is a normal temperature; Test pressure is confirmed according to the design pressure of product; Owing to be used for the tube sheet of this apparatus structure (" O " type sealing ring and be threaded) of product mix ammonia cooler is the pressure reduction design by 0.25MPa, so test pressure is 0.31MP.
Can find out at screw plug 5 and during greater than 22mm, can reach leak free effect with heat exchange pore matching thread length.And do not adopt screw plug 5; The mode that is employed in tube sheet 1 built-in " O " type sealing ring 4 seals heat exchanger tube and the very difficult technological requirement that guarantees " allowing the tiny leakage of very small amount " of tube sheet; And between the installation difficulty of built-in " O " type sealing ring 4 bigger, machining accuracy and sealing effectiveness are difficult to guarantee.
Disclosed all characteristics in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or the process except mutually exclusive characteristic and/or the step, all can make up by any way.
Disclosed arbitrary characteristic in this specification (comprising any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing) is only if special narration all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar purpose.That is, only if special narration, each characteristic is an example in a series of equivalences or the similar characteristics.
The present invention is not limited to the aforesaid specific embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination that discloses in this manual, and the arbitrary new method that discloses or step or any new combination of process.
Claims (1)
1. the method for attachment of heat exchanger tube and tube sheet,
Wherein, the heat exchange pore inwall on tube sheet has one section annular seal groove and one section internal thread, and wherein internal thread is nearer from the position of the heat exchange mouth of pipe than annular seal groove; Be positioned at heat exchanger tube and be with " O " type sealing ring on the heat exchange pore inner segment, " O " type sealing ring is placed in the annular seal groove and cooperates with annular seal groove and heat exchanger tube, also comprises a screw plug; The screw plug outer wall have with tube sheet on the screw thread that matches of pore internal thread; There is the hole of a hollow screw plug inside, and the inwall in hole cooperates with the heat exchanger tube outer wall, and the step of a contraction is arranged in the hole; Leave the gap between this step and the heat exchange mouth of pipe, the material hardness of screw plug is lower than tube sheet;
Heat exchanger tube comprised the steps: with being connected of tube sheet
A. tube sheet is processed, the tube sheet face should with the heat exchanger tube axis normal, and on tube sheet processing heat exchange pore;
B. in the heat exchange pore, process annular seal groove, on this groove apart from the nearest end face of tube sheet opening and the distance between the tube sheet opening greater than 20 mm, and more than the big 3mm of external diameter of the width of groove than " O " type sealing ring;
C. machining internal thread in the heat exchange pore, the length of internal thread is more than or equal to 20mm;
D. choose heat exchanger tube, heat exchanger tube is a drawn tube, and the exchange heat pipe surpasses by root to be visited and the water pressure test, and the surfaces externally and internally of pipe is handled, and makes the inside and outside smooth surface of pipe, straight, the oxide skin of cleaning surfaces externally and internally;
Heat exchanger tube is penetrated the heat exchange pore; And on the section of penetrating suit " O " type sealing ring; Said O " the type seal ring set is positioned on the heat exchange pore inner segment at heat exchanger tube; and " O " type sealing ring is placed in the annular seal groove and cooperates with annular seal groove and heat exchanger tube, and screw plug is enclosed within outside the heat exchanger tube, rotates in the heat exchange pore on the tube sheet of packing into;
It is characterized in that, before the B step, also comprise the pressure testing step, confirm the minimum length of heat exchange pore internal thread and screw plug, the pressure testing step is following:
1) assembling structure for pressure test; Structure for pressure test comprises the obturator with mouth of pipe; Part wall in the obturator is the test wall, and this test wall is identical with the material and the thickness of heat exchange tube sheet, and the heat exchange pore is used in the processing test on the test wall; Processing is tested with annular seal groove and internal thread in testing with the heat exchange pore then, and with being fixed therein after the heat exchanger tube shutoff;
2) cover " O " type sealing ring on heat exchanger tube; Said " O " type seal ring set heat exchanger tube be positioned at the test with heat exchange pore inner segment on; " O " type sealing ring is placed on test and cooperates with annular seal groove and heat exchanger tube with in the annular seal groove; Screw plug is enclosed within outside the heat exchanger tube, and rotation is packed the test of test on the wall into in the heat exchange pore;
3) inject the liquid pressurization from the mouth of pipe then, boost to test pressure, stop to suppress; Carry out pressurize, between hold period, observe the liquid leak case of heat exchange pipe end; If do not satisfy instructions for use, then increase the screw plug screw-in length and satisfy instructions for use until the liquid amount of leakage;
4) and write down the screw-in length of the qualified rear thread plug of pressure testing.
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| CN 201110125812 CN102305572B (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Connection structure and connection method of heat exchange tube and tube plate |
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| CN 201110125812 CN102305572B (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2011-05-16 | Connection structure and connection method of heat exchange tube and tube plate |
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| CN102706206B (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-10-30 | 江苏普格机械有限公司 | Connecting structure between heat exchange tube head and tube sheet in waste heat boiler |
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| CN202582346U (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-12-05 | 无锡市求新药化设备厂 | Connection structure for tube plates and heat exchange tube of double-tube-plate heat exchanger |
| CN108635896A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-10-12 | 无锡英罗唯森科技有限公司 | Packed tower barrel structure and stuffing rectification column |
| CN110836615A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-25 | 清华大学 | Method for blocking heat exchange tube |
| CN109855853B (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2024-02-02 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Test piece for expansion joint pull-out force test, expansion joint pull-out force test device and use method thereof |
| CN110987983B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2023-02-28 | 哈电集团（秦皇岛）重型装备有限公司 | Radiographic inspection process for weld joint of heat exchange tube and tube plate and sensitivity sample thereof |
| CN111521041B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-01 | 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 | Sleeving method of tube plate and heat exchange tube |
| CN115488461B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Brazing plug for blocking heat transfer pipe and blocking method |
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