CN102305491B - Swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration machine - Google Patents

Swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102305491B
CN102305491B CN201110253057.9A CN201110253057A CN102305491B CN 102305491 B CN102305491 B CN 102305491B CN 201110253057 A CN201110253057 A CN 201110253057A CN 102305491 B CN102305491 B CN 102305491B
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magnetic
working medium
permanent magnet
heat exchanger
magnetic working
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CN102305491A (en
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曾德长
柏占
郑志刚
钟喜春
刘仲武
余红雅
邱万奇
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/084871 priority patent/WO2013029328A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • F25B2321/0021Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a static fixed magnet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Abstract

The invention discloses a swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration machine, which comprises a permanent magnet magnetic field source system, a magnetic working medium turntable system, a fluid heat exchange system and a motion control system, wherein the motion control system controls a turntable box of the magnetic working medium turntable system to rotate so as to drive a magnetic working medium to get in or get out a magnetic field space; the magnetic working medium positioned in the magnetic field space is magnetized to release heat; heat transmission fluid flows towards a hot-end heat exchanger so as to transmit the heat produced by the magnetic working medium to the hot-end heat exchanger; the hot-end heat exchanger transmits the heat to a high temperature space; the magnetic working medium which is not positioned in the magnetic field space is demagnetized to absorb heat; the heat transmission fluid flows towards a cold-end heat exchanger; and the magnetic working medium absorbs the heat from a low temperature closed space through the fluid and the cold-end heat exchanger, so that a refrigeration effect at room temperature can be achieved and the structure of the magnetic refrigeration machine is simplified. The swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration machine has the advantage of simple structure of a reciprocating room temperature magnetic refrigeration machine and the advantage of high efficiency of a rotary room temperature magnetic refrigeration machine.

Description

Swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic refrigerator, relate in particular to a kind of swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration.
Background technology
At present, room temperature magnetic refrigerating research is worldwide actively developed, and mainly concentrates on the preparation of magnetic refrigerating material and the research aspect of Magnetic refrigerator.
(1) Gd and compound thereof.The most typical material of making magnetic kind of refrigeration cycle working medium is lanthanide rare metal gadolinium Gd at present.The Curie temperature of Gd is 293K, approaches room temperature, and has larger magnetothermal effect.
(2) perovskite and perovskite-like compounds.In recent years, in the calcium titanium ore manganose oxide with super large magnetothermal effect, find large magnetic entropy change simultaneously, caused therefrom the extensive concern to such material.The great advantage of this series compound is greatly to reduce with Gd and GdSiGe cost, stable chemical performance (need not consider anti-oxidation problem), and coercivity is little and resistivity is large.This series compound can regulate its Curie temperature to required scope by the doping of sample easily, but can cause magnetic entropy to become simultaneously, declines too much, and in addition, calcium titanium ore manganose oxide thermal conductivity is too low, is unfavorable for conducting heat, and practicality reduces.
(3) compound between rare earth-transition metal.Except above-mentioned GdSiGe series compound, between other rare earth-transition metal, compound also has larger magnetic entropy change, and can carry out easily the adjusting of Curie temperature by ion doping.For example MnFePAs, MnAsSb, NiMnGa, La (Fe, Si) 13deng.
The room temperature magnetic refrigerating model machine occurring at present mainly contains two kinds of forms, reciprocating room temperature magnetic refrigerating machine and rotary room-temperature magnetic refrigerators.Reciprocatingly have an inefficient shortcoming, rotary have complex structure, working medium dish to be subject to the shortcomings such as monolateral power effect.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, reciprocating room temperature magnetic refrigerating machine efficiency is low is subject to the shortcomings such as monolateral power effect with rotary room-temperature magnetic refrigerator complex structure, working medium dish, the invention provides a kind of swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration.Described technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration, comprises magnetic field of permanent magnet origin system, magnetic working medium rotating table system, fluid thermal exchange system, kinetic control system;
Magnetic field of permanent magnet origin system: be symmetrical arranged by two identical permanent magnet systems, described permanent magnet systems, comprise the E type magnetic conduction framework that provides the permanent magnet of excitation source and play magnetic conduction effect, the magnetic core of described magnetic conduction frame mid portion is divided into upper and lower two intervals by whole framework, and the outer end of described magnetic core is the platform structure of giving prominence to up and down; In upper and lower two intervals, be respectively equipped with one deck permeability magnetic material, the outer end of described permeability magnetic material is concordant with the outer end of magnetic core, inner and frame inner wall leaves gap, between permeability magnetic material and the platform of magnetic core, form the working clearance, in outer magnetic conduction framework region, by the definite direction of Halbach rotation theorem, insert in the intervals of business the permanent magnet of different magnetizing directions;
Magnetic working medium rotating table system: comprise rotating shaft and be fixed on eight magnetic working medium boxes in rotating shaft, magnetic working medium box divides two-layer up and down, four every layer, and be symmetrical arranged, its at the middle and upper levels in symmetrical two magnetic working medium boxes and lower floor two symmetrical magnetic working medium boxes lay respectively in four working clearances of two permanent magnet systems; In eight magnetic working medium boxes, place respectively magnetic working medium, magnetic working medium passes in and out magnetic field with the rotation of rotating shaft; Described four magnetic working medium boxes that are arranged in the working clearance connect and compose heating group magnetic working medium box successively by fluid line, and all the other four magnetic working medium boxes connect and compose heat absorption group magnetic working medium box successively by fluid line;
Described fluid thermal exchange system comprises hot-side heat exchanger, cryogenic seal space and is enclosed in cold-side heat exchanger wherein; By kinetic control system control, realize refrigeration, described process of refrigerastion is: fluid flows through heat absorption group magnetic working medium box along pipeline under the driving of water pump, the cold-side heat exchanger of flowing through again, the fluid that flows out cold-side heat exchanger flows through heating group magnetic working medium box, the hot-side heat exchanger of flowing through again, hot junction by heat loss in air.
Described kinetic control system: comprise programmable controller (PLC), stepper motor and magnetic valve, totally 4 of described magnetic valves, are divided into two groups; The control procedure of described kinetic control system is: when programmable controller order makes to enter field regions under the drive of one group of magnetic working medium box at stepper motor, now programmable controller order is opened one group of magnetic valve and water pump, completes a process of refrigerastion; Then programmable controller controls stepper motor turning cylinder rotates 90 degree, makes another group magnetic working medium box enter magnetic field; Programmable controller order switches to another group magnetic valve and opens, and completes second process of refrigerastion; Then programmable controller controls stepper motor turning cylinder oppositely turn 90 degrees, and repeats first process of refrigerastion, loops successively refrigeration.
Described permeability magnetic material is fixed on E type magnetic conduction framework.
Described outstanding berm width accounts for 30%~50% of magnetic core width.
Between the permanent magnet that described permeability magnetic material inner face and one side are filled, leave gap.
The width of described permeability magnetic material is identical with outstanding berm width.
The cross section of described permanent magnet system is fan-shaped.
Described permanent magnet is rare-earth Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet; Described conducting magnet core framework and permeability magnetic material are electrical pure iron.
Principle of the present invention is: shaft swing drives magnetic working medium turnover magnetic field space, magnetic working medium magnetization heat release in magnetic field space, heat transfer fluid flow is to hot-side heat exchanger, and what magnetic working medium was produced passes to hot-side heat exchanger by heat, and hot-side heat exchanger is passed to high-temperature space by heat again; , in the magnetic working medium demagnetization heat absorption of magnetic field space, heat-transfer fluid does not flow to cold-side heat exchanger, and magnetic working medium absorbs heat by fluid, cold-side heat exchanger from cryogenic seal space.
Effect and the advantage of technical scheme provided by the invention are:
(1) by the motion of motion control unit control magnetic working medium rotating disk box, utilize and control the control that solenoid directional control valve realization flows to heat-transfer fluid, by two of scripts independently Fluid Circulation be integrated into a Fluid Circulation, thereby complete the cyclic process of magnetic refrigerator, reach the refrigeration under room temperature, simplified magnetic refrigerator structure; Both there is the simple in structure of reciprocating room temperature magnetic refrigerating machine, had advantages of again that the efficiency of rotary room-temperature magnetic refrigerator was high.
(2), owing to having adopted two air gap permanent magnet body structures, the symmetrical fixed and arranged of 180 degree has reduced the suffered monolateral pulling force of magnetic, the axial force of magnetic working medium rotating disk effectively, has increased the service life of rotating disk.
(3) mode that turning cylinder swings with the amplitude of 90 degree is moved, and the fluid line that connects magnetic working medium rotating disk box is almost motionless, has avoided tangling of pipeline, and fluid-duct-system is simplified greatly, has reduced cost.
(4) magnetic working medium rotating disk box internal flow pipeline adopts multi-stag series connection, has further like this simplified pipeline structure and can realize step-feeding refrigeration.
(5) permanent magnet systems tool of the present invention has the following advantages: have the symmetrical structure of two air-gaps, can to two parts magnetic working medium, carry out excitation (demagnetization) simultaneously, thereby can make room-temperature magnetic refrigerator structure compacter, efficient; Air-gap magnetic field intensity good uniformity, has reduced the heat exchange between working medium in excitation (demagnetization) process of magnetic working medium, thereby improves refrigerating efficiency; There is the symmetrical structure of two air-gaps, install and properly can greatly reduce axial force, reduce input power, improve refrigerating efficiency; There is larger gap field space, be conducive to load more magnetic working medium, improve the refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of permanent magnet systems of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration permanent magnet systems structural representation used.
Fig. 3 is that swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration excitation source permanent magnet is arranged schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is working medium rotating disk box fluid circuit wiring schematic diagram in swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration.
Fig. 5 is the swing type motion schematic diagram of swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration.
Fig. 6 is swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration principle schematic.
Fig. 7 is the magnetic line of force distribution map of magnet structure.
Fig. 8 is the scatter chart of magnetic field intensity in the working clearance.
The specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly highlight explanation, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
The present embodiment provides a kind of swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration, comprises magnetic field of permanent magnet origin system, magnetic working medium rotating table system, fluid thermal exchange system, kinetic control system.
Magnetic field of permanent magnet origin system: be symmetrical arranged by two identical permanent magnet systems, this permanent magnet systems, cross-section structure as shown in Figure 1, three-dimensional structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, comprise the E type magnetic conduction framework 9 that provides the permanent magnet of excitation source and play magnetic conduction effect, the magnetic core 3 at described magnetic conduction framework 9 middle parts is divided into upper and lower two intervals by whole framework, and the outer end of described magnetic core 3 is the platform structure of giving prominence to up and down; Described outstanding berm width accounts for 40% of magnetic core width.In upper and lower two intervals, be respectively equipped with two-layer permeability magnetic material 1,5, described permeability magnetic material 1,5 is fixed on E type magnetic conduction framework 9.The outer end of described permeability magnetic material 1,5 is concordant with the outer end of magnetic core 3, inner and framework 9 inwalls leave gap, between the platform 4,2 that permeability magnetic material 1,5 and magnetic core are given prominence to up and down, form the working clearance, between outer permeability magnetic material 1,5 and framework 9, by the definite direction of Halbach rotation theorem, insert in the intervals of business the permanent magnet 6,7,8,10,11,12 of different magnetizing directions.Between described permeability magnetic material 1,5 inner faces and the permanent magnet 8,10 of filling, leave gap, and the width of permeability magnetic material is identical with outstanding up and down platform 4,2 width, with this, increases size and the uniformity in magnetic field.Described permanent magnet is rare-earth Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet; Described conducting magnet core framework and permeability magnetic material are electrical pure iron.The curve on Fig. 8 top represents the magnetic field distribution of working clearance above, and the curve of bottom represents the magnetic field distribution of working clearance below.The fan-shaped permanent magnet working clearance that visible rotary type magnetic refrigerating device is used is very large, and magnetic refrigeration working substance Metal Gd is all filled in this space, and its quality reaches 3100g.Dwindle the size of working clearance or increase magnet relative size, the magnetic field intensity of working clearance will further increase.In magnetic refrigerator, adopt two cover magnet systems and two groups of magnetic working medium, for this structure, the axial magnetic pull that whole system is produced and radially magnetic pull are zero substantially.
As shown in Figure 3, the permanent magnet systems 180 shown in two identical Fig. 1 is spent to symmetrical fixed and arranged, layout can better be brought into play the advantage of two air-gap fields like this, reduces magnetic working medium rotating disk box axial force and the monolateral power of magnetic.Magnetic working medium rotating disk box is installed in the plane of two-layer magnetic gap, and turning cylinder is positioned on central axis for driving magnetic working medium turnover magnetic field.
Magnetic working medium rotating table system: comprise rotating shaft and be fixed on eight rotating disk boxes in rotating shaft, according to the feature of excitation source, design magnetic working medium rotating disk box is double-decker, every one deck is divided into again 4, and be symmetrical arranged, load magnetic working medium (Metal Gd) in rotating disk box, its at the middle and upper levels in symmetrical two rotating disk boxes and lower floor two symmetrical rotating disk boxes lay respectively in four working clearances of two permanent magnet systems; Described magnetic working medium is magnetic refrigerating material, and magnetic working medium passes in and out magnetic field with the rotation of rotating shaft; When refrigerator operation, always have the magnetic working medium of half in excitation heat release like this, half, in demagnetization heat absorption state, has improved refrigerating efficiency with traditional rotary photo ratio.
For clear explanation magnetic working medium rotating disk box fluid circuit wiring situation, as shown in Figure 4, bilevel box body is placed in same plane and is illustrated, dotted portion is magnet position, can simple and easyly represent between field regions, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 for being mounted with the capsule of magnetic working medium.Just excitation in magnetic field of magnetic working medium 1,3,5 and 7 in Fig. 4, allows heat, solid line represent the heat exchanging fluid pipeline being connected successively with 51,3,7, finally leads to hot junction and carries out heat exchange.Remaining magnetic working medium 2,4,6 and 8 also adopts similar method to be connected, as dotted line represents.The method that adopts step-feeding to be connected in series, links together the magnetic working medium capsule of bilevel excitation (demagnetization) state with pipeline, the method has been simplified fluid circuit layout greatly, can realize classification refrigeration simultaneously.
Why room-temperature magnetic refrigerator provided by the present invention is called swing type, its maximum feature be exactly its motion mode neither traditional reciprocating linear type neither be traditional rotary, but adopt similar the swing of the pendulum formula.During operation, turning cylinder is first rotated counterclockwise 90 degree, the temporary 4S of turning cylinder, and through-flow body, then dextrorotation turn 90 degrees, turning cylinder suspends 4S again, through-flow body, so circular flow.Shuttle-type feature is exactly to exist pipeline to be entangled with the problem of winding, needn't be equipped with complicated fluid flat valve, and therefore fluid circuit can be accomplished as reciprocating simple; Owing to being the quick location that angular movement can realize magnetic working medium box, improve the running frequency of refrigeration machine simultaneously.
Described fluid thermal exchange system comprises hot-side heat exchanger, cryogenic seal space and is enclosed in cold-side heat exchanger wherein; By kinetic control system control, realize refrigeration, described kinetic control system: comprise programmable controller, stepper motor and magnetic valve, totally 4 of described magnetic valves, are divided into two groups.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, process of refrigerastion is further described:
As shown in Figure 5 be magnetic working medium rotating disk box top section, under initial state, 1,3 excitation heat releases, 2,4 demagnetization heat absorptions, be rotated counterclockwise after 90 degree, 1,3 demagnetization heat absorptions, 2,4 excitation heat releases, turning cylinder suspends, through-flow body heat transferring, dextrorotation turn 90 degrees and gets back to original position again, the operation of circulation above-mentioned steps, thereby the refrigeration of realization.
As shown in Figure 6, from diagram initial state, start:
1. magnetic working medium capsule 1,3,5,7 is in excited state, and magnetic working medium capsule 2,4,6,8 is in demagnetized state.
2. by programmable controller controls, open water pump, magnetic valve K2 and K3, shut electromagnetic valve K1, K4, fluid (direction of arrow is fluid motion direction) under the driving of pump flows through 2,4,6,8 passes to cold junction by low temperature, the fluid that flows out cold junction flows through 1,3,5,7 and takes its liberated heat to hot junction, hot junction is by heat loss in air, and fluid flows out hot junction and completes a circulation.After passing away, the heat that fluid produces magnetic working medium switches off the pump.
3. programmable controller controls stepper motor drives turning cylinder to be rotated counterclockwise 90 degree, and magnetic working medium capsule 1,3,5,7 is in demagnetized state, and magnetic working medium capsule 2,4,6,8 is in excited state.
4. programmable controller controls is opened water pump, magnetic valve K1 and K4, shut electromagnetic valve K2 and K3, fluid flows through 1,3,5,7 under the driving of pump passes to cold-side heat exchanger by low temperature, the fluid that flows out cold-side heat exchanger flows through 2,4,6,8 and takes its liberated heat to hot-side heat exchanger, hot junction is by heat loss in air, and fluid flows out hot junction and completes a circulation.After passing away, the heat that fluid produces magnetic working medium switches off the pump.
5. kinetic control system control step motor drives turning cylinder dextrorotation to turn 90 degrees, and gets back to step 1..The above step of circular flow realizes refrigeration.

Claims (8)

1. a swing type room temperature magnetic refrigeration, is characterized in that, comprises magnetic field of permanent magnet origin system, magnetic working medium rotating table system, fluid thermal exchange system, kinetic control system;
Magnetic field of permanent magnet origin system: be symmetrical arranged by two identical permanent magnet systems, described permanent magnet systems, comprise the E type magnetic conduction framework that provides the permanent magnet of excitation source and play magnetic conduction effect, the magnetic core of described magnetic conduction frame mid portion is divided into upper and lower two intervals by whole framework, and the outer end of described magnetic core is the platform structure of giving prominence to up and down; In upper and lower two intervals, be respectively equipped with one deck permeability magnetic material, the outer end of described permeability magnetic material is concordant with the outer end of magnetic core, inner and frame inner wall leaves gap, between permeability magnetic material and the platform of magnetic core, form the working clearance, in outer magnetic conduction framework region, by the definite direction of Halbach rotation theorem, insert in the intervals of business the permanent magnet of different magnetizing directions;
Magnetic working medium rotating table system: comprise rotating shaft and be fixed on eight magnetic working medium boxes in rotating shaft, magnetic working medium box divides two-layer up and down, four every layer, and be symmetrical arranged, its at the middle and upper levels in symmetrical two magnetic working medium boxes and lower floor two symmetrical magnetic working medium boxes lay respectively in four working clearances of two permanent magnet systems; In eight magnetic working medium boxes, place respectively magnetic working medium, magnetic working medium passes in and out magnetic field with the rotation of rotating shaft; Described four magnetic working medium boxes that are arranged in the working clearance connect and compose heating group magnetic working medium box successively by fluid line, and all the other four magnetic working medium boxes connect and compose heat absorption group magnetic working medium box successively by fluid line;
Described fluid thermal exchange system comprises hot-side heat exchanger, cryogenic seal space and is enclosed in cold-side heat exchanger wherein; By kinetic control system control, realize refrigeration, described process of refrigerastion is: fluid flows through heat absorption group magnetic working medium box along pipeline under the driving of water pump, the cold-side heat exchanger of flowing through again, the fluid that flows out cold-side heat exchanger flows through heating group magnetic working medium box, then the hot-side heat exchanger of flowing through.
2. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described kinetic control system: comprise programmable controller, stepper motor and magnetic valve, totally 4 of described magnetic valves, are divided into two groups; The control procedure of described kinetic control system is: when programmable controller order makes to enter field regions under the drive of one group of magnetic working medium box at stepper motor, now programmable controller order is opened one group of magnetic valve and water pump, completes a process of refrigerastion; Then programmable controller controls stepper motor turning cylinder rotates 90 degree, makes another group magnetic working medium box enter magnetic field; Programmable controller order switches to another group magnetic valve and opens, and completes second process of refrigerastion; Then programmable controller controls stepper motor turning cylinder oppositely turn 90 degrees, and repeats first process of refrigerastion, loops successively refrigeration.
3. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described permeability magnetic material is fixed on E type magnetic conduction framework.
4. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described outstanding berm width accounts for 30%~50% of magnetic core width.
5. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 4, is characterized in that, between the permanent magnet that described permeability magnetic material inner face and one side are filled, leaves gap.
6. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the width of described permeability magnetic material is identical with outstanding berm width.
7. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the cross section of described permanent magnet system is fan-shaped.
8. magnetic refrigerator according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described permanent magnet is rare-earth Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet; Described conducting magnet core framework and permeability magnetic material are electrical pure iron.
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PCT/CN2011/084871 WO2013029328A1 (en) 2011-08-30 2011-12-29 Swinging magnetic refrigerator under room temperature

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