CN102304269A - Inorganic salt whisker reinforced resin based automobile braking composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Inorganic salt whisker reinforced resin based automobile braking composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102304269A
CN102304269A CN201110202086A CN201110202086A CN102304269A CN 102304269 A CN102304269 A CN 102304269A CN 201110202086 A CN201110202086 A CN 201110202086A CN 201110202086 A CN201110202086 A CN 201110202086A CN 102304269 A CN102304269 A CN 102304269A
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parts
powder
whisker
calcium sulfate
anhydrous calcium
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高诚辉
何福善
林有希
洪臻超
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Fuzhou University
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Fuzhou University
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Abstract

The invention provides an inorganic salt whisker reinforced resin based automobile braking composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite friction material is prepared from the following raw materials: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker, pyrophyllite powder, phenolic resin, copper powder, graphite powder and alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pre-treating the raw materials; mixing and stirring the raw materials; carrying out hot-press formation; and cooling so as to obtain a finished product. In the invention, the anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker (the molecular formula is CaSO4) which has extremely low price is utilized to reinforce phenolic resin, pyrophyllite the molecular formula of which is {Al4[Si8O20](OH)4} is selected as a filling material of a hybrid fiber braking friction material, and appropriate friction-increasing and antiwear agents are also used, so that a synergic and coupling effect among a matrix, the whisker and the filling material are exerted, thus a novel automobile braking composite material which has the advantages of good heat resistance, good friction factor stability, small wear rate, good braking effect and low cost is obtained.

Description

A kind of inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base vehicle braking composite material and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material technology field, relate to a kind of novel inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base composite friction material, more specifically relate to brake(-holder) block material as in the automotive friction drift stop and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the fast updating of the high speed development and the product of global automotive industry, the research of aspect such as safe, comfortable and environmental-protecting performance that People more and more is devoted to.On March 20th, 2009; General Office of the State Council's issue " automobile industry adjustment and development planning "; One of object of planning wherein is exactly that brake system of car will be realized autonomy-oriented in interior key components and parts technology, and the NVH gordian techniquies such as (vibration, noise, ride comforts) in designing and developing the breakthrough car load is grabbed as main task.Analyze according to national automobile industry authoritative institution, in the five-year, the average growth rate of Chinese automobile aftermarket demand will be more than 15%.This has brought unprecedented opportunities for the development of brake facing industry.Simultaneously, propose in the national Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan end strives the concentration degree of friction materials industry is improved more than 20% again, and the enterprise's ratio through the international quality management system authentication reaches more than 70%.Develop and publish the friction materials new standard of adopting by equation international standard ISO15484, and make friction materials enterprise directly carry out international standard and foreign advanced standard above 30%.Therefore, exploitation high-performance environment protection type automobile is very urgent with brake facing.
Traditional asbestos brake material because friction process asbestos decomposes produces heat fading and asbestos toxic by strict limit production of many countries and use.Thereafter the semimetal braking sheet that occurs because of shortcomings such as metal easy-to-rust, high heating and cost height, frictional noises, and fails to replace fully asbestos formula brake material.Novel assorted fibre strengthens brake friction material, and leeway is big, technology simple, starting material obtain convenient receiving certainly because of its performance is regulated and control, and wherein metal whisker reinforced composite has become very active in a matrix material research field aspect.The excellent properties that metal whisker reinforced composite shows has also promoted the development and the exploitation of various whiskers greatly, and the existing whisker type that oneself comes out has kind more than 100, but most of high-quality whisker costs an arm and a leg, and has greatly limited their application.With calcium, magnesium salts is that the Study on Material Selection that synthesizes the polymer matrix composites wild phase of the whisker of inorganic salt cheaply of representative provides more wide field.The inorganic salt whisker is as a kind of novel strongthener, has very excellent physical and mechanical property, many special functions such as fire-retardant in addition, anticorrosion, insulation, vibration damping, suction ripple.Simultaneously inorganic salt itself are the compositions of soil, sea lake salt, and are good with physical environment Harmony, and it is much little to compare harm from Biodegradable and environmental safety aspect and glass etc.Compare with other whisker, production cost reduces significantly, in polymer modification, has higher cost performance, has development prospect.
Calcium sulfate crystal whiskers related in this patent is set about research the seventies in 20th century by states such as Japan and the United States, morals, and begin progressively to use the eighties in 20th century.China also following closely; And at the beginning of 21 century, carried out suitability for industrialized production; Wherein the upright high novel material Ltd in Shenyang is the enterprise of domestic suitability for industrialized production the earliest, and bright East Africa, Luoyang metallic substance scientific and technological development ltd is the maximum enterprise of domestic industry production production capacity.Anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker is claimed crystal whisker of gypsum again, is the fibrous single crystal of anhydrous calciumsulphate, can be slightly soluble in water and its aqueous solution and be neutral, has good enhancement function and flame retardant resistance simultaneously.Therefore compare with other inorganic crystal whiskers, anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker is nontoxic green material, can be used for doing in resin, plastics, rubber, coating, paint, papermaking, pitch, friction and the sealing material strengthening and toughening agent or functional type filler; Again can be directly as the high insulating material of filtering material, lagging material, fire-resistant heat insulating material, infrared reflection material and covered electric cable.In a word, anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker has the fabulous ratio of performance to price, is that a kind of Application Areas is wide, the very wide type material of market outlook, also be receive much concern in the world at present, extremely rising inorganic salt crystal whisker materials.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base automobile brake composite friction material and preparation method thereof.(molecular formula is CaSO to utilize the very cheap anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of price 4) strengthen resol, and { molecular formula is Al to select pyrophyllite for use 4[ Si 8O 20(OH) 4As the filler of assorted fibre brake friction material; Be equipped with again that suitable increasing rubs, anti-wear agent, the collaborative coupling between performance matrix, whisker, the filler, thus obtain good heat resistance; Stable friction factor property is good; Wear rate is little, good braking effect, the new automobile braking composite material that cost is low.
The present invention implements through following technique means:
A kind of raw material of inorganic salt Whisker composite material for reinforcing automobile brake friction comprises anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker, pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder.
The mass fraction of raw material is: 20~60 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 5~30 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 10~30 parts in resol, 5~15 parts of copper powders, 5~20 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 2~30 parts of aluminum oxide powders.
The raw material optimum formula according to parts by weight is: 8~15 parts of 40~50 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 8~15 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 18~25 parts in resol, 7~12 parts of copper powders, 5~10 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.
The preparation method of inorganic salt Whisker composite material for reinforcing automobile brake friction of the present invention, according to described raw material weight proportioning, preparation process is:
A) raw materials pretreatment: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was placed in the baking oven under 189 ℃~195 ℃ temperature oven dry 2 hours; Under 50 ℃~60 ℃ temperature, dried 0.5 hour in the resol placement baking oven, other raw materials are placed in baking ovens and under 100 ℃ of temperature, were dried 2 hours;
B) getting the dried anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of step a), pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder adds successively and stirred together in the container in the mixer 3~5 minutes; The material outward appearance uniformity that obtains, whisker, filler and resin homodisperse;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 150 ℃~160 ℃ hot pressing die die cavitys; Hot-forming under 10~15 MPa pressure, the hot pressing soaking time was perhaps pressed 1~1.5 minute/millimeter definite hot pressing soaking time according to the thickness of goods in 3~5 minutes; In begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exhaust 4~6 times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 160~200 ℃ in half a hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 4~12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
The stirrer of step b) is the stirrer that blade and horizontal bar are housed, and main axis rotation speed is 1000~2000 rev/mins.
Than prior art, the present invention is toughener with the anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker, based on the composite Materials Design method; Use has the laminate structure pyrophyllite powder as filler; Purpose provides a kind of good heat resistance, the rubbing factor good stability, and wear rate is little; Braking effect is good, novel inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base automotive brake friction material that cost is low and preparation method thereof.Therefore have following advantage:
1) anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker have HS, high-modulus, H.T., high-insulativity, abrasion performance, high temperature resistant, acid and alkali-resistance, anticorrosive, be easy to surface treatment, be prone to and many good physicochemical properties such as polymkeric substance is compound, nontoxic.Its yardstick circle has the active effect of the enhancement and the small sized particles of like fibrous concurrently between fiber and nano particle, integrate the two advantage of fortifying fibre and ultra-fine inorganic filler.Therefore, the micro-enhancement of whisker to resol brought into play in the adding of anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker, improved the supporting capacity of matrix material, in friction process, plays to carry main effect, reduced the surface of friction pair adhesion, stoped the thermal distortion of matrix resin.
2) trickle (mean diameter 1~4mm of anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker size; Mean length 50~200mm; Average aspect ratio 10~200); Its orientation does not have macrofiber and chopped strand regular, on microcosmic, guarantees its isotropy in the strongthener, can guarantee the precision of product size and outward appearance.Add other batchings and be powder; Compare other fiber-like strongtheners; Anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker is pressed the proper ratio uniform mixing with resol and filler more easily, effectively reduces the clustering phenomena of fiber and powdered material whipping process.Help each component uniform distribution, thereby obtain the material of the relative homogeneous of character.Help to improve the matrix material tribological property.
3) anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker abundant raw material, synthesis technique are simple, cost is very cheap.Compare with strongthener such as spun glass simultaneously, anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker has significantly reduced the wearing and tearing to equipment (especially batch mixing equipment) because of lower surface hardness, trickle structure and good flowability.Adopt the new automobile braking composite material of its preparation to have high performance price ratio, greatly reduce production cost and equipment loss, its application potential is huge.
4) pyrophyllite in powder is a kind of particular fillers of Fujian high yield, and its molecular structure is incomplete synusia shape, has the stability of good lubricity and frictional coefficient, and price is very cheap, is suitable for doing brake material.Anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker and pyrophyllite in powder synergy help matrix material heat resistanceheat resistant decline in the high temperature friction process, and the frictional coefficient of remaining valid also reduces wear rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the composite friction material CHASE test-results summary of the present invention's preparation, wherein a: the MV during normal temperature must be greater than 0.25; B: the MV during high temperature must be greater than 0.15.
Embodiment
The composition of raw materials of composite friction material according to parts by weight is: 20~60 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 5~30 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 10~30 parts in resol, 5~15 parts of copper powders, 5~20 parts of Graphite Powder 99s, 2~30 parts of aluminum oxide powders.
Optimum material proportion is: 8~15 parts of 40~50 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 8~15 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 18~25 parts in resol, 7~12 parts of copper powders, 5~10 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.
According to described raw material weight proportioning, preparation process is:
A) raw materials pretreatment: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was placed in the baking oven under 189 ℃~195 ℃ temperature oven dry 2 hours; Under 50 ℃~60 ℃ temperature, dried 0.5 hour in the resol placement baking oven, other raw materials are placed in baking ovens and under 100 ℃ of temperature, were dried 2 hours;
B) getting the dried anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of step a), pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder adds successively and stirred together in the container in the mixer 3~5 minutes; The material outward appearance uniformity that obtains, whisker, filler and resin homodisperse;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 150 ℃~160 ℃ hot pressing die die cavitys; Hot-forming under 10~15 MPa pressure, the hot pressing soaking time was perhaps pressed 1~1.5 minute/millimeter definite hot pressing soaking time according to the thickness of goods in 3~5 minutes; In begin in hot pressing 20~60 seconds, must open die cavity, exhaust 4~6 times;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 160~200 ℃ in half a hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 4~12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
The stirrer of step b) is the stirrer that blade and horizontal bar are housed, and main axis rotation speed is 1000~2000 rev/mins.
Through embodiment the present invention is further described below, but the present invention is not limited in these examples.
Embodiment 1
Get following composition proportion: 10 parts of 30 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 10 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 20 parts in resol, 12 parts of copper powders, 8 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.Prepare friction materials by following process step:
A) raw materials pretreatment: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was placed in the baking oven under 189 ℃ of temperature oven dry 2 hours, and resol was placed in the baking oven under 60 ℃ of temperature oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 100 ℃ of temperature oven dry 2 hours;
B) get the dried anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of step a), pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder and add stirring together in the container in the mixer successively; Main axis rotation speed is 1000 rev/mins; Churning time is 5 minutes, obtains the uniform material of component;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 160 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, hot-forming under 10 MPa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 5 minutes; Open the die cavity exhaust 4 times in begin in hot pressing 50 seconds;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 160 ℃ in half a hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
Embodiment 2
Get following composition proportion: 10 parts of 40 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 8 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 22 parts in resol, 12 parts of copper powders, 10 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.Prepare friction materials by following process step:
A) raw materials pretreatment: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was placed in the baking oven under 190 ℃ of temperature oven dry 2 hours; Under 50 ℃ of temperature, dried 0.5 hour in the resol placement baking oven, pyrophyllite powder, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99, aluminum oxide powder are placed in the baking oven and under 100 ℃ of temperature, were dried 2 hours;
B) get the dried anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of step a), pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder and add stirring together in the container in the mixer successively; Main axis rotation speed is 1500 rev/mins; Churning time is 4 minutes, obtains the uniform material of component;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 155 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, hot-forming under 14 MPa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 3 minutes; Open the die cavity exhaust 5 times in begin in hot pressing 60 seconds;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 180 ℃ in half a hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 8 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
Embodiment 3
Get following composition proportion: 14 parts of 50 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 15 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 25 parts in resol, 12 parts of copper powders, 5 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.Prepare friction materials by following process step:
A) raw materials pretreatment: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was placed in the baking oven under 195 ℃ of temperature oven dry 2 hours, and resol was placed in the baking oven under 50 ℃ of temperature oven dry 0.5 hour, and other raw materials were placed in baking ovens under 100 ℃ of temperature oven dry 2 hours;
B) get the dried anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of step a), pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder and add stirring together in the container in the mixer successively; Main axis rotation speed is 2000 rev/mins; Churning time is 3 minutes, obtains the uniform material of component;
C) material after the step b) stirring is put into 150 ℃ of hot pressing die die cavitys, hot-forming under 15 MPa pressure, hot pressing soaking time 4 minutes; Open the die cavity exhaust 5 times in begin in hot pressing 60 seconds;
D) goods after hot-forming are warmed up to 200 ℃ in half a hour in baking oven with step c), are incubated 4 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
Embodiment 4
Get following composition proportion: 2 parts of 20 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 5 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 10 parts in resol, 15 parts of copper powders, 5 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Get following composition proportion: 30 parts of 60 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 30 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 30 parts in resol, 15 parts of copper powders, 20 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.Its preparation method is identical with embodiment 2.
The tribological property test:
Adopt the CHASE trier of industrial applications U.S. Link company production the most widely that the above matrix material sample of processing is tested, experimentation is operated in strict accordance with ANS SAE J661 test procedure.The Properties of Friction Materials judgement criteria ISO 15484 of Organisme International de Normalisation carries out classification: C according to the frictional coefficient of brake facing to it and representes between 0.15~0.25; E representes that frictional coefficient is 0.25~0.35; F representes that frictional coefficient is 0.35~0.45, and G is illustrated between 0.45~0.55.During according to high temperature and the classification during low temperature, the rank of evaluation brake facing is EF or EE level like common semimetallic brake facing, and sleeping carriage brake facing major part is the FF level.
The main result of CHASE test is as shown in Figure 1.
The experimental result of the composite friction material sample that as can be seen from Figure 1, the present invention developed all meets the regulation of U.S. VESCR V-3 standard.Normal temperature frictional coefficient and pyritous frictional coefficient MV have characterized the integral level of frictional coefficient, and test result all is in more than the F level, can be rated as the FF level and more than, promptly reach the grade of sleeping carriage brake facing, performance surpasses common semi-metallic brake pad.In the CHASE test, test simultaneously through sample being carried out twice heat fading and twice recovery; The result shows: twice decline in the sample is all comparatively desirable with recovery experiment performance; Stability is all more than 90%, this more comprehensively reflect composite friction material have good fade resistance can with normal restorability; Abrasive manner is comparatively stable simultaneously, and wear rate is between 6.5~9.5%, and microstructure analysis revealed material is main with adhesive wear mainly.In sum, the composite friction material that the present invention developed has the excellent friction performance, can satisfy actual request for utilization fully, has high cost performance.
In addition; The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned assembly and preparation method; Be equally applicable to other assembly and preparation method; As long as utilize anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker as the fortifying fibre of resin base automotive brake friction material and use pyrophyllite in powder to come assembly and preparation, all belong to protection scope of the present invention as the filler component of automotive brake friction material.

Claims (5)

1. inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base vehicle braking composite material is characterized in that: the raw material of said braking composite material comprises that anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker, pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder form.
2. inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base vehicle braking composite material according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the composition of raw materials of said composite friction material according to parts by weight is: 20~60 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers; 5~30 parts of pyrophyllite in powder; 10~30 parts in resol, 5~15 parts of copper powders, 2~30 parts of 5~20 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.
3. inorganic salt Whisker reinforced resin-base vehicle braking composite material according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the raw material optimum formula of said composite friction material according to parts by weight is: 8~15 parts of 40~50 parts of anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers, 8~15 parts of pyrophyllite in powder, 18~25 parts in resol, 7~12 parts of copper powders, 5~10 parts of Graphite Powder 99s and aluminum oxide powders.
4. preparation method like claim 1,2 or 3 described inorganic salt Whisker composite material for reinforcing automobile brake friction, it is characterized in that: according to described raw material weight proportioning, preparation process is:
A) raw materials pretreatment: anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker was dried 2 hours under 189 ℃~195 ℃ temperature, and resol was dried 0.5 hour under 50 ℃~60 ℃ temperature, and other raw materials were dried 2 hours under 100 ℃ of temperature;
B) getting the dried anhydrous calcium sulfate whisker of step a), pyrophyllite in powder, resol, copper powder, Graphite Powder 99 and aluminum oxide powder adds successively and stirred together in the container in the mixer 3~5 minutes; The material outward appearance uniformity that obtains, whisker, filler and resin homodisperse;
C) material after step b) is stirred is put into 150 ℃~160 ℃ hot pressing die die cavitys, and is hot-forming under 10~15 MPa pressure, and hot pressing soaking time 3~5 minutes is opened the die cavity exhaust 4~6 times in 20~60 seconds of beginning in hot pressing;
Goods with step c) after hot-forming are warmed up to 160~200 ℃ in half a hour, be incubated 4~12 hours, with stove cooling cooling, obtain finished product then.
5. the preparation method of inorganic salt Whisker composite material for reinforcing automobile brake friction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the mixer of said step b) is the mixer that blade and horizontal bar are housed, and the speed of mainshaft is 1000~2000 rev/mins.
CN201110202086A 2011-07-19 2011-07-19 Inorganic salt whisker reinforced resin based automobile braking composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN102304269A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102925105A (en) * 2012-10-10 2013-02-13 西北工业大学 Calcium-sulfate-whisker-reinforced carbon fiber resin-base friction material and preparation method thereof
CN105202083A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-30 山东大学 Train brake pad/brake shoe with stable braking performance and preparation method thereof
CN105546000A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-05-04 江苏贝事特汽车配件有限公司 High-strength and high-tenacity brake pad

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CN101177601A (en) * 2007-11-27 2008-05-14 信义集团公司 Method for preparing brake block by calcium sulfate crystal whisker
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102925105A (en) * 2012-10-10 2013-02-13 西北工业大学 Calcium-sulfate-whisker-reinforced carbon fiber resin-base friction material and preparation method thereof
CN105202083A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-30 山东大学 Train brake pad/brake shoe with stable braking performance and preparation method thereof
CN105546000A (en) * 2015-12-31 2016-05-04 江苏贝事特汽车配件有限公司 High-strength and high-tenacity brake pad

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Application publication date: 20120104