CN102302945B - Method for preparing propene by catalytic cracking - Google Patents

Method for preparing propene by catalytic cracking Download PDF

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CN102302945B
CN102302945B CN2011102942988A CN201110294298A CN102302945B CN 102302945 B CN102302945 B CN 102302945B CN 2011102942988 A CN2011102942988 A CN 2011102942988A CN 201110294298 A CN201110294298 A CN 201110294298A CN 102302945 B CN102302945 B CN 102302945B
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catalyst
zsm
reaction
molecular sieve
propylene
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CN102302945A (en
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郭洪臣
张小乐
刘春燕
常旭生
刘家旭
梁翠翠
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry, and relates to a method for preparing propene by catalytic cracking, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly synthesizing molecular sieve ZSM-5 crystal nuclei, and preparing a silicon source, seed crystals, templating agent and deionized water into a colloidal liquid; preparing an aluminum source, inorganic acid or alkali and deionized water into a solution; while stirring, adding the solution into the colloidal liquid to prepare a uniform gel; carrying out hydrothermal crystallization on the gel, and stopping crystallization before the crystallization induction period finishes; and preparing the molecular sieve ZSM-5 crystal nuclei into a catalytic cracking catalyst which is used for preparing propylene and isobutylene by cracking olefins. The molecular sieve ZSM-5 crystal nuclei catalyst only has a weak acid center; the crystal grains are very tiny and do not need any modification treatment, and hydrogen transfer aromatization and other side reactions can be obviously inhibited without any negative pressure or diluent gas condition, thereby enhancing the selectivity of the target product, simplifying the catalytic cracking technique and lowering the catalyst cost.

Description

A kind of method of preparing propylene by catalytic cracking
Technical field
The invention belongs to petrochemical industry, relate to a kind of method of preparing propylene by catalytic cracking, be specifically related to the method that the catalyst of a kind of preparation of new catalyst and gained is applied to produce propylene and isobutene.
Background technology
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the general name of C3, C4 hydrocarbon, is mainly derived from the manufacture gas of crude oil processing, associated gas, gas field associated gas.The LPG that China produces comes catalytic cracking to produce gasoline apparatus more than 95%, steam cracking is produced the oil refining processing unit (plant)s such as ethylene unit, platforming production aromatic device and hydrocracking, coking.In recent years, along with the continuous enlarging of domestic refinery and newly-built, liquefied gas output constantly increases.
Approximately having Chinese every year the LPG more than 70% to be used as domestic fuel burns.Therefore, the chemical utilization rate of LPG is low.On the other hand, along with the fast development of natural gas in domestic fuel market, civil LPG will reduce gradually.Therefore, the C4 liquefied gas is converted into chemical products with high added-value, has important economic implications.
Propylene is one of important petrochemical industry basic material.In recent years, along with increasing rapidly of the demands such as its downstream derivative polypropylene, acrylonitrile, expoxy propane, especially under the powerful pulling of polypropylene demand, propylene demand worldwide is more and more vigorous.Therefore, the correlation technique of exploitation propylene enhancing is significant.
At present, the source of propylene mainly contains: the accessory substance of ethylene plant's steam cracking, catalytic cracking accessory substance, the techniques such as low-carbon alkene disproportionation, dehydrogenating propane and methanol conversion MTP.The steam cracking process exists feed naphtha restriction and high energy consumption problem; Catalytic cracking by-product propylene is an important channel, is contradiction but produce propylene with producing gasoline, and often causes diesel quality to worsen; The low-carbon alkene dismutation will consume valuable ethene resource, and the energy consumption of dehydrogenating propane technology is very high, and the economy of the two is but not good; Methanol conversion technology (MTP) is also in experimental stage, and its investment is large, and the impact of environment is still waiting examination.But, the advantage such as carbon four and above olefins by catalytic cracking propylene enhancing method thereof have raw material sources extensive, and reaction condition is gentle, and technique is simple, and is easy to operate.
Isobutene also is one of very important petrochemical industry basic material.Isobutene is mainly for the production of chemical products such as methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), the tert-butyl alcohol, polyisobutene.In recent years, along with the raising of environmental requirement, harsher to the requirement of decreasing by gasoline olefin technology.This is so that the demand rapid growth of methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), and then causes the demand of isobutene to increase severely.
Therefore, if produce simultaneously propylene and isobutene with cheap C4 liquefied gas, will have very outstanding meaning.
Following discloses patent and Introduction of Literatures the technology of carbon four and above olefin catalytic cracking to produce propylene thereof:
Patent CN1506343A (2004) has disclosed a kind of method with carbon four and above olefin catalytic cracking to produce propylene thereof.Its technical characterictic is: adopting silica alumina ratio is that 50～1000 ZSM-48 type molecular sieve is the catalyst activity main body, is 400～600 ℃ in reaction temperature, and reaction pressure is 0～0.15MPa, and the liquid phase volume air speed is 10～50h -1Under the condition, Propylene Selectivity reaches 53.4%, and propene yield reaches 39.6%.
Patent CN1651364A (2005) has disclosed a kind of hydrocarbon feed by containing C4～C6 alkene and has produced the particularly method of propylene of light olefin.Its technical characterictic is: olefin feedstock contacts with the MCM-22 molecular sieve catalyst, is that 450～650 ℃, reaction pressure are that 0.1～10atm, weight space velocity are 1～50h in reaction temperature -1Under the condition, reacted 1 hour, butene conversion is 76.80%, and propene yield is 34.0%; Reacted 10 hours, butene conversion is 66.09%, and propene yield is 29.9%; In ten hours, butene conversion has reduced by 10 percentage points.As seen, the MCM-22 molecular sieve is better to the initial activity of olefin cracking, but its poor stability.
It is that the aperture silicoaluminophosphamolecular molecular sieves of 0.3～0.56nm is the method for catalyst propylene enhancing, ethene that patent US6049017 (2000), CN1915936A (2005), CN1762931A (2006) have disclosed respectively with the aperture.Its technical characterictic is: in fluidized-bed reactor, be 400～650 ℃ in reaction temperature, reaction pressure is 0～0.5MPa, and weight space velocity is 0.1～50h -1, water vapour/raw material weight ratio is under 0～5 condition, carbon four and above alkene thereof catalytic cracking for producing propylene using and ethene on SAPO-34, and butene conversion is 75.3%, the total recovery of its propylene and ethylene can reach 40%.But these data are that it obtains in the pulse microreactor, only have the reaction result of 0.5～10min.
It is that the mesopore silicoaluminophosphamolecular molecular sieves of 0.6～0.65nm is catalyst with the aperture that patent CN1927783A (2005) has disclosed a kind of, the method for catalytic cracking for producing propylene using.Its technical characterictic is: in fluidized-bed reactor, by the SAPO-11 catalyst, be 400～650 ℃ in reaction temperature under rich olefins raw material and the steam concurrent conditions, reaction pressure is 0～0.5MPa, and weight space velocity is 0.1～50h -1, water vapour/raw material weight ratio is under 0～5 condition, productivity of propylene is 35%.
Patent CN101448769A (2009) has disclosed a kind of method that is prepared propylene by hydrocarbon feed, and wherein said hydrocarbon feed is the hydrocarbon feed that comprises C6 alkene.Its technical characterictic is: make raw material and have 10 yuan of ring passages, silica alumina ratio is 10～200 one-dimensional channels zeolite contact, and described zeolite is selected from TON type, MTT type and EU-2/ZSM-48 zeolite.
Open source literature catalysis journal 2003,24 (2): 119～122 has been introduced the cracking reaction performance of C 4 olefin on the AlSi-ZSM-48 zeolite molecular sieve after the etherificate.The result shows: the total recovery of propylene and two kinds of alkene of ethene can reach more than 40% on the ZSM-48 molecular sieve.But the synthesis condition of AlSi-ZSM-48 is harsh, easily association ZSM-5 and other stray crystal.
Open source literature petrochemical industry 2004,33 (Z1): 336～338 have introduced the response characteristic of butylene at SAPO-34 molecular sieve catalytic cracking propylene/ethylene.The result shows: propylene and ethene have higher selectively on the SAPO-34 molecular sieve, are 620 ℃ in reaction temperature, and reaction pressure is 0.1MPa, WHSV=3.5h -1Under the condition, butene conversion is 80%, and Propylene Selectivity reaches 45.6%.But the easy carbon distribution inactivation of catalyst, reaction stability is relatively poor.
Open source literature Applied Catalysis A:General 288 (2005) 134-142 have introduced the Y of Different Pore Structures, Beta, MCM-22, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-5, the catalytic pyrolysis performance of C4 alkene on the SAPO-34 equimolecular sieve catalyst.The result shows: middle pore zeolite can suppress hydrogen migration, obtains higher propylene and ethylene selective.But catalytic stability is poor, only has the ZSM-5 catalyst to show preferably combined reaction performance.
Open source literature Applied Catalysis A:General 290 (2005) 191-199, Catalysis Communications2005; 6 (11): 742～746, SCI 2005,26 (6): 1140～1142, Industrial Catalysis the 15th volume supplementary issue, Catalysis Letters (2009) 130:204～210, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials (2009) 118:44-51 in 2007 introduced butylene cracking reaction performance on MCM-22.The MCM-22 molecular sieve obtains higher ethene, Propylene Selectivity because having the ten-ring structure similar to ZSM-5, but the supercage structure of its twelve-ring makes the catalyst carbon deposition inactivation fast, and stability is bad.
Open source literature Applied Catalysis A:General 299 (2006) 167～174 has introduced a kind of Hydrothermal Synthesis ZSM-48 and has used it for the method for butene cracking propylene processed.The author has synthesized the ZSM-48 of a series of Different Silicon aluminum ratios, and has investigated butylene is produced propylene in the ZSM-48 cracking performance.The result shows: compare with HZSM-5, HZSM-48 shows the selective of better propylene and ethylene, especially low silica-alumina ratio; But the easier carbon distribution inactivation of HZSM-48 by contrast.
The open source literature gas chemical industry 2007,32 (3): 5～10 have introduced ZSM-5 on the continuous fixed bed reactors of normal pressure, the 1-butylene catalytic pyrolysis performance of SAPO-11 and MCM-22 molecular sieve.The result shows: although the duct of 3 kinds of catalyst and acidity there are differences, all can reach thermodynamical equilibrium between the butylene isomer in the pyrolysis product, can obtain better Propylene Selectivity in butene conversion 50%～70% scope; ZSM-5 shows better reactivity and stability in three kinds of catalyst.
Open source literature Journal of Molecular Catalysis 2007,21 (3): 193～199, Catalysis Communications 2005,6 (4), 297～300, Applied Catalysis A:General 274 (2004): 167～172 has introduced the reactivity worth of butane producing ethene, propylene through catalytic cracking on ZSM-23 molecular screen.The result shows: on the ZSM-23 zeolite molecular sieve, butanes conversion can reach 88%, and propene yield can reach 56%.But this catalyst reaction stability is bad, and the molecular sieve production cost is higher.
Open source literature Chemical Engineer 2007,137 (2) 14～16, Chemical Engineer 2007,145 (10) 11～13, Harbin Teachers' Univ.'s natural science journal 2010,26 (2): 57～60, the 1-butylene has been introduced in MCM-49 molecular sieve catalytic cracking propylene and ethylene reactivity worth in Reac Kinet Mech Cat (2010) 100:399～405.The result shows: be 580 ℃ in reaction temperature, 1-butylene dividing potential drop is 0.04MPa, WHSV=9.4h -1Under the condition, the overall selectivity of ethene and propylene can reach 72.9%, and ethene and propylene gross production rate can reach 57.3%.But having adopted pure 1-butylene is raw material, has increased the industrial production cost.
The open source literature Chemical Engineer 2007,140 (5): 07～09 has introduced the reactivity worth of 1-butylene preparing propylene by catalytic cracking and ethene on the Ba-MCM-49 molecular sieve catalyst.The result shows: an amount of barium is modified can suppress hydrogen migration and aromatisation side reaction to a certain extent, thereby has improved the selective of purpose product propylene and ethene.Be 580 ℃ in reaction temperature, 1-butylene dividing potential drop is 0.04MPa, WHSV=9.4h -1, react under 1 hour condition, when Ba content is 0.5%,, butene conversion reaches 75..39%, and ethene and productivity of propylene can reach 57.13%; When Ba content was 2%, butene conversion reached 68.19%, and ethene and productivity of propylene can reach 55.26%.But the increase of load capacity can make the duct of catalyst stop up, and stability is bad.
Open source literature petroleum journal 2009, supplementary issue (25): 28～31 have introduced the performance of butylene preparing propylene by catalytic cracking on the ITQ-13 molecular sieve.The result shows: in the butylene catalytic cracking reaction, can the establishment hydrogen migration and the side reaction such as aromatisation through the ITQ-13 molecular sieve of suitably silanization modification, and Propylene Selectivity increases.
Open source literature petrochemical industry 2009,38 (11): 1174～1179 have introduced the reaction rule of butylene catalytic pyrolysis preparing ethylene and propylene on SAPO-34.The result shows: compare with ZSM-5, SAPO-34 molecular sieve diene selective is higher, but less stable.Be 600 ℃ in reaction temperature, WHSV=2.53h -1, water hydrocarbon specific mass is than 0.75 o'clock, and butene conversion is more than 70%, propene yield about 30%.
In sum, ZSM-5 shows higher activity, stability and anti-carbon deactivation than other molecular sieve in the butylene catalytic cracking reaction.Therefore, mainly concentrate on the research of ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst in the research aspect the technological development of olefins by catalytic cracking producing light olefins.
Following discloses patent and bibliographical information the method that carbon four and above olefins by catalytic cracking thereof are produced low-carbon alkene on the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst.
Disclosed among the patent EP0109059A1 (1984) and a kind of C4～C12 alkene has been converted into the method for propylene.Its technical characterictic is: adopt silica alumina ratio to be not more than 300 ZSM-5 molecular sieve, reaction is that 400～600 ℃ and alkene air speed are greater than 50h in temperature -1Carry out under the condition, but propylene selectively only has 37.98%.
Patent WO9929805A1 (1999) has disclosed a kind of method of producing propylene with C4 and the above olefin feedstock of C4.Its technical characterictic is: the employing silica alumina ratio is 600～2000 high silica alumina ratio ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and reaction is 540～580 ℃ in temperature, and the weight space velocity of raw material is 8.5～25h -1Carry out under the condition, propylene initial stage yield is 29.2%, reacts after 500 hours, and propene yield is 23.1%.
It is the method that raw material is produced propylene with carbon four or carbon four above alkene that patent CN1284109A (2001) has disclosed a kind of.Its technical characterictic is: employing sial atomic ratio is catalyst greater than 180 hydrothermal modification ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and carbon four cracking conversion ratios only have 54%, and propene yield only is 29%.In addition, catalyst will pass through Steam treatment/dealuminzation preliminary treatment, and production cost is higher.
Patent CN1490288A (2004) has disclosed a kind of method with carbon four and above olefin catalytic cracking to produce propylene thereof.Its technical characterictic is, in the building-up process of type ZSM 5 molecular sieve, added the halogen sodium salt in crystallization process, and the halogen sodium salt is selected from least a among NaF, NaCl or the NaBr.This catalyst is used for carbon four with its above olefin catalytic cracking to produce propylene process, and propene yield reaches 38.2%.
Patent CN1611472A (2005) has disclosed a kind of ZSM-5 molecular sieve of little crystal grain, high silica alumina ratio that adopts as the method for Catalyst Production propylene.Its technical characterictic is: with carbon four and above olefin feedstock thereof, be 100～1000 at silica alumina ratio, particle diameter is not more than on 1 micron the type ZSM 5 molecular sieve catalyst and reacts, and reaction temperature is 500 ℃, and weight (hourly) space velocity (WHSV) is 10h -1, the initial yield of propylene reaches 37.9%.
Patent CN1751008A (2006) has disclosed a kind of method of producing ethene and propylene.Its technical characterictic is: the alkene that contains at least a carbon number 4～12 in the raw material, and the saturated hydrocarbons that contains at least a carbon number 1～12 of 10～70wt.%, take ZSM-5 molecular sieve as catalyst, in the reaction pressure of 0.05～2MPa, mass space velocity is 32～256hr -1, 400～580 ℃ of reaction temperatures condition under carry out the hydrocarbon catalytic cracking reaction, butene conversion is 65～80%, productivity of propylene is about 30%.
Patent CN1927780A (2007) has disclosed a kind of method of producing propylene take carbon four～carbon eight alkene as the catalytic material cracking.Its technical characterictic is: take the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of silica alumina ratio as 10～180 as the catalyst activity main body, be 500 ℃ in reaction temperature, pressure 0.01～0.2MPa, weight space velocity are 10h -1React under the condition, the initial stage yield of purpose product propylene reaches 41%, selectively surpasses 55%.’
Patent CN1915924A (2007) has disclosed a kind of method of producing propylene take the high-crystallinity ZSM-5 molecular sieve as the catalyst cracking, and its technical characterictic is: the degree of crystallinity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve is greater than 90%, and silica alumina ratio is 200～600, binder free.580 ℃ of reaction temperatures, mix carbon quadruple amount air speed 30h -1Condition under react, olefin conversion reaches 81.2%, Propylene Selectivity can reach 42.1%.
Patent CN101092326 (2007) has disclosed a kind of take the method for ZSM-5 molecular sieve as the Catalyst Production propylene.Its technical characterictic is: raw material is C4 or the above alkene of C4, is 400～600 ℃ in reaction temperature, and take the absolute manometer reaction pressure as 0.01～0.3MPa, weight space velocity is 2～50h -1Under the condition, reaction is take the ZSM-5 zeolite of silica alumina ratio as 20～350 as catalyst, and olefin conversion can reach 80%, and productivity of propylene is 30～50%.
It is the method for Catalyst Production propylene with ZSM-5 molecular sieve that patent CN101279882A (2008) has disclosed a kind of.Its technical characterictic is: take C4 or its above alkene as raw material, contact with the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst and to produce propylene, ethene.Behind the product separation, C1 and C2 component loop back reactor, and the ratio of C1 and the circulation of C2 component can change between 5～99%.
Open source literature petroleum journal (petrochemical industry) 1994,10 (3): 97～101, the catalysis journal 2004,25 (7): 571～576 have introduced the impact of steam treatment temperature and time on ZSM-5 molecular sieve acidity and catalyzing butene cracking performance thereof.The result shows: steam treatment can reduce acid amount and the acid strength of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, obviously improves the selective and yield of propylene and ethene in the product, suppresses the production of accessory substance aromatic hydrocarbons and low-carbon alkanes.With the non-framework aluminum that produces in the citric acid water vapor removing processing procedure, can improve the appearance carbon ability in the duct of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, thereby improve the stability of catalyst.
Open source literature petrochemical industry 2005,34 (Z1): 100～101 have introduced the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of Different Silicon aluminum ratio to the impact of C4 hydrocarbon preparing propylene by catalytic cracking.The result shows: with the increase of silica alumina ratio, catalyst activity is downward trend, and propene yield presents the again downward trend that rises first, and Propylene Selectivity and yield reach respectively 45% and 39% when silica alumina ratio is 300 left and right sides.
Open source literature catalysis journal 2004,25 (8): 602～606 has been introduced grain size the C4 olefin cracking has been produced catalyst activity and stable impact in the propylene process.The characteristics such as the result shows: it is short that the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of little crystal grain (0.2～0.3 micron of particle diameter) has micropore, and the large and aperture of external surface area is many, thereby show stronger appearance carbon ability and stable preferably.Be 550 ℃ in reaction temperature, normal pressure, mass space velocity=10h -1Under the condition, the once through yield of initial reaction stage propylene can reach 38%.
In sum, the zeolite crystal of other element of adding and synthesizing high-silicon aluminum ratio, little crystallite dimension can obtain preferably reaction effect in synthetic.But olefin conversion mostly between 60～80%, the overall selectivity 50～70% of propylene and ethene.
The research discovery, in the reaction of producing propylene with C _ 4 alkene catalytic pyrolysis, the polymerization of butylene--be cracked into the main reaction process, the side reaction processes such as simultaneous isomerization, hydrogen migration, cyclisation, dehydrogenation, aromatisation and coking.And above-mentioned side reaction is the main cause that affects the purpose selectivity of product.Main reaction needs weak acid centre, and strong acid center then is the activated centre of hydrogen migration and aromatisation side reaction.In order to suppress hydrogen migration and aromatisation side reaction, scholars are by carrying out the strong acid center that catalyst surface is removed in various modifications to the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst.
Following patent and Introduction of Literatures come the acidity of modulation ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve catalyst to come the method for increased low carbon olefine output by element modified.
Patent CN1274342A (2000) has disclosed a kind of method of producing ethene and propylene by catalyzed conversion from the hydrocarbon feed that contains C4～C12 alkene.Its technical characterictic is: adopt Alkali-Metal Na, K and the metal Cu of IB family, Ag modify catalyst by ion-exchange, impregnating means, prepare the ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst that does not substantially contain proton.Employing is taken out the remaining carbon four that mixes for raw material, is 600 ℃ in reaction temperature, and weight space velocity is 16.3h -1Condition under, Propylene Selectivity is 47.5%, propene yield is 34.0%.
Patent CN1490287A (2004) has disclosed a kind of method of producing propylene.Its technical characterictic is: catalyst is selected from the silica-rich zeolite of ZRP series or ZSM-5 class, and silica alumina ratio is 50～300, and modified component is selected from least a in oxide, alkaline earth oxide and the rare-earth oxide of molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, phosphorus; Preferred rare earth metal is lanthanum, and alkaline-earth metal is calcium.Take the hydrocarbon mixture of carbon containing four or C 5 monoolefin as raw material, at low temperature, do not add under the condition of diluent gas, butene conversion is 78.3%, and propene yield is 27.46%, and yield of ethene is 7.94%.
Patent CN1506342A (2004) has disclosed that a kind of to adopt the ZSM type molecular sieve of load alkaline-earth metal be catalyst, and catalytic pyrolysis carbon four and above alkene thereof are produced the method for propylene.Its technical characterictic is: catalyst is that silica alumina ratio is 38～1000 ZSM-5 or ZSM-11 type molecular sieve, the alkaline-earth metal of load 0.1～10wt.%; The preferred bases earth metal is a kind of among Mg, Ca or the Ba.Be 550 ℃ in reaction temperature, liquid air speed 15h -1Condition under, purpose product propylene selectively reach 52.7%, propene yield is up to 34.0%.
Patent CN1611471A (2005) has disclosed a kind of take the method for modified ZSM-5 as the Catalyst Production propylene.Its technical characterictic is: adopting the molecular sieve of the ZSM-5 type of phosphorus modification, low silica-alumina ratio is catalyst, and phosphorus content is 0.1～5% by weight percentage.Be 530 ℃ in reaction temperature, weight space velocity 10h -1Under the condition, purpose product propylene selectively reach 54.7%, propene yield reaches 35.6%.
Patent CN1600757A (2005) has disclosed the method that a kind of hydrocarbon feed by containing C4～C6 alkene is produced propylene.Its technical characterictic is: adopt the zeolite catalyst of alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or rare earth metal dipping modified ZSM-5/ZSM-11, silica alumina ratio is greater than 30.Olefin feedstock is contacted with the catalyst of modification, is 500～650 ℃, reaction pressure 0.1～8atm, weight space velocity 1～50h in reaction temperature -1Under the condition, Propylene Selectivity is more than 60%, propene yield about 40%.
Patent CN1676213 (2005) has disclosed a kind of method that catalytic pyrolysis C4～C7 alkene is produced propylene on modification high silica ZSM-5 molecular sieve.Its technical characterictic is: take the zirconium dioxide of little crystal grain as carrier, make catalyst take the group vib metal oxide that comprises 1～20%wt.% as active component, wherein also contain alkaline earth oxide or rare-earth oxide auxiliary agent.Described zirconic average grain diameter is 10～100nm.Be that 440～470 ℃, 0.3MPa, raw material volume space velocity are 3.0h in reaction temperature -1Condition under, the C4 olefin conversion is 79～91wt%, the propylene once through yield is about 45%.
Patent CN101033166A (2007) discloses a kind of method take the carbon four that do not contain diolefin and carbon four above alkene as raw material production propylene.Its technical characterictic is: adopting the type ZSM 5 molecular sieve of heteropoly acid modification is catalyst, and wherein the consumption of heteropoly acid is 5～20%, 500 ℃ of reaction temperatures, and pressure 0.1～0.5MPa, the water oil quality is than 0.5～10, and weight space velocity is 3h -1Condition under, purpose product propylene selectively reach 46%, productivity of propylene is 37%.
Patent CN101172247A (2008) has disclosed a kind of method of producing propylene and ethene.Its technical characterictic is: select comprise silica (45～65wt.%) and modified component (10～15wt.%), at least two kinds the ZSM-5 type silica-rich zeolite that modified component is selected from zirconia, magnesia, tungsten oxide and the boron oxide is catalyst.Be 450 ℃ in reaction temperature, reaction pressure is 0.2MPa, and water hydrocarbon ratio is 0.6, and weight space velocity is 3h -1Under the condition, the conversion ratio of reactant is 86%, and propene yield is 35%, and yield of ethene is 8%.
Patent CN101239879A (2008) disclosed a kind of take butylene as raw material on modified ZSM-5 type molecular sieve the method for catalytic cracking for producing propylene using.Its technical characterictic is: butene feedstock at first with comprise following component: SiO 2Carrier and the tungsten oxide reaction of carrying 0.1～20%wt.% thereon; Reaction effluent and silica alumina ratio are at least 10 crystal aluminosilicate and contact, and produce propylene.
Patent CN101263095A (2008), CN101263096A (2008) have disclosed respectively hydrocarbon feed and have transformed the method for producing ethene and propylene by the modified ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve.Its technical characterictic is: adopt the metal pair zeolite molecular sieve zsm-5 of at least a IB family to carry out modification, so that zeolite is substantially free of proton.The silica alumina ratio of said zeolite molecular sieve is 800～2000, and raw material C4～C12 alkene is 400～600 ℃ in reaction temperature, and reaction pressure is 0.01～1MPa, and weight space velocity is 1～100h -1React under the condition, feed stock conversion is 67～68%, propene yield 20～21%.
Patent CN101684059A (2010) has disclosed a kind of method of carrying out catalytic pyrolysis generation propylene and ethene take carbon four～carbon 12 rare hydrocarbon as raw material at the modified ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve.Its technical characterictic is: take the silica alumina ratio of phosphorus modification as 10～300, size of microcrystal as the ZSM-5 molecular sieve of 10～800nm as catalyst, be 450～650 ℃ in reaction temperature, reaction pressure 0～0.3MPa, weight space velocity are 1～14h -1, reacting under water hydrocarbon mass ratio 0.1～10 condition, propene yield reaches about 30%.
Following patent and document also relate to the pentasil zeolites (preferred ZSM series) of at least a modification in P elements or its oxide, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, transition metal and the rare earth metal, are used for the reaction of olefins by catalytic cracking producing light olefins.
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Open source literature Catalysis Letters 2005,103 (3/4): 201～210 has introduced the performance of butylene at K/ZSM-5 preparing propylene by catalytic cracking and ethene.Study the different K load capacity and in charging, added N 2, steam is as the reaction effect of diluent, the result shows: steam is diluent preferably, but under water vapor condition the poor stability of catalyst.
Open source literature petrochemical industry 2006,35 (8): 735～739 have introduced SiO 2Deposition and reaction condition are produced the impact of propylene performance on catalyst C4 olefin cracking.Its technical characterictic is: deposit SiO at the HZSM-5 molecular sieve 2Modulation pore structure and the acidity of catalyst, but SiO 2Deposition affect the performance of catalyst, the serious blocking catalyst of deposition conference duct.Be that 530 ℃, reaction pressure are that 0.1MPa, raw material weight (hourly) space velocity (WHSV) are 2.0h in reaction temperature -1, SiO in the catalyst 2Deposition is under the condition of 7.0wt.%, and the C4 olefin conversion is for only having 42.9%, and propene yield is 28.3%.
Open source literature catalysis journal 2007,28 (6): 567～571 has been introduced the impact of nano-ZSM-5 catalyst on butylene catalytic pyrolysis performance, and compares with two kinds of micron H-ZSM-5 catalyst samples (grain size is respectively 1～2 and 1～6 micron).The result shows: the anti-carbon deactivation of nanoparticle HZSM-5 catalyst is better than a micron HZSM-5 catalyst, and at normal pressure, reaction temperature is 560 ℃, mass space velocity 7h -1React under the condition, when butene conversion and propene yield descend 50% the time, the reaction time on two kinds of micron catalyst is 28h only, and the reaction time on the nanocatalyst is about 120h.Nano-ZSM-5 molecular sieve acidity is stronger, and side reaction has limited the selective of purpose product.
Open source literature Chemical Reaction Engineering and technique 2007,23 (3): 193～199 have been introduced the impact of NaOH modified zsm-5 zeolite on the C _ 4 alkene catalytic pyrolysis performance.Its technical characterictic is: be the ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve of 0.4mol/L modification with concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, under reaction temperature was 550 ℃, condition of normal pressure, butene conversion can reach more than 78%, and propene yield is greater than 38%.But the pore passage structure of the broken meeting of NaOH modification meeting catalyst.
Open source literature Journal of Molecular Catalysis 2008,22 (3): 236～241 have introduced C4 olefin cracking preparation of propylene catalytic performance on the W-ZSM-5 catalyst.When W content was 3.2%, the Propylene Selectivity of catalyst and yield were respectively 47.4% and 41.3%.
Open source literature Journal of Molecular Catalysis 2009,23 (1): 11～16 adjustings of having introduced nanometer HZSM-5 zeolite acidity reach the impact on the liquefied gas cracking reaction.Its technical characterictic is: adopt the sodium ion modification can optionally remove the strong acid center of nanometer HZSM-5 zeolite surface, on the weak acid center then substantially without affecting.Propylene selectively can reach 60%, propene yield is about 30%.
Open source literature Solid State Sciences 12 (2010): 1278～1282 has introduced butylene and has contained catalytic cracking for producing propylene using and ethylene reaction performance on the mesoporous ZSM-5 after the alkali treatment.Its technical characterictic is: with NaOH solution-treated ZSM-5, stay the room after the catalyst desiliconization, form mesoporous.Introduce mesoporously in ZSM-5 molecular sieve after the alkali treatment, can improve the performance of butylene catalytic cracking for producing propylene using and ethene, but reaction stability reduces.
Open source literature petrochemical industry 2010,39 (5): 482～486 have introduced C 4 olefin at CaO-B 2O 3/ ZSM-5/SiO 2Cracking generates the performance of propylene on the catalyst.Its technical characterictic is: be that to be 0.1MPa, water be 0.2 with carbon four material qualities ratio, weight (hourly) space velocity (WHSV) 3h for 520 ℃, reaction pressure in reaction temperature -1Condition under, the C 4 olefin conversion ratio is greater than 65%, propene yield 31%, yield of ethene about 6%.But catalyst stability is bad.
The following discloses document also is to have investigated the upward reactivity worth of butene cracking propylene processed of the various element modified HZSM-5 such as metal ion, P modification.
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In sum, the ZSM-5 behind phosphorus modification, alkali metals modified, transition metal and rare metal, the modified with noble metals has preferably activity and purpose selectivity of product.But, exist high-temperature hydrothermal stability poor, also can make the duct Partial Blocking of catalyst along with the adding of modifying element, the easy carbon distribution inactivation of catalyst, reaction stability still can not reach ideal effect; In addition, adding modifying element obviously increases processing step, has improved production and application cost.Nano molecular sieve and little crystal grain zeolite molecular sieve parent have preferably anti-carbon deactivation, but its acidity are still very strong, must could obtain preferably purpose selectivity of product by modification.Aspect the molecular sieve parent, the silica-rich zeolite molecular sieve is also used emphatically in former studies work.
Open source literature petrochemical industry 2004,33 (4): 320～324, petrochemical industry 2005,34 (1): 9～13, petroleum refining and chemical industry 2005,36 (2): 33～37, petroleum refining and chemical industry 2005,36 (8): 44～48, Chemical Reaction Engineering and technique 2005,21 (2): 158～161, catalysis journal 2005,26 (2): 111～117, Chemical Engineering Journal2006, (116): 155～161, Journal of Molecular Catalysis 2011, studied C 4 olefin heating power and mechanism at ZSM-5 molecular sieve preparing propylene by catalytic cracking/ethylene reaction at 25 (1): 69～77, points out to react and should carry out under high-temperature low-pressure, the butene cracking process mainly experiences isomerization, polymerization, the reaction mechanism mechanism of reaction of cracking.
Therefore, except molecular sieve catalyst itself is carried out a series of modifications, reach and improve outside selectivity of light olefin and the yield, change process conditions, type of reactor also are the methods of commonly using.
Patent CN1611470A (2005) has disclosed a kind of method of producing propylene.Its technical characterictic is: add carrier gas in raw material, improved the stability of catalyst.Take the ZSM type molecular sieve of silica alumina ratio as 100～1000 as catalyst, material carbon four and above alkene thereof are that 500～700 ℃, reaction pressure are 0～0.15MPa, weight (hourly) space velocity (WHSV) 0.5～30h in reaction temperature -1Under the condition, its Raw adding is selected from N 2, He, Ar, CH 4, C 2H 6, C 3H 8Or C 4H 10In at least a carrier gas, and to make the mol ratio of carrier gas and raw material hydrocarbon be to react for 0.1～10 time, propene yield reaches about 30%.
The rich olefins mixture that patent CN101045665A (2007), CN101045666A (2007), CN1915932 (2007) WO2007019787A1 (2007), CN20051028810 (2008), CN101450883A (2009), US2009105512A1 (2009), US7875756B2 (2011) have disclosed respectively with one or more carbon four or above alkene is raw material is produced propylene and ethene under condition of negative pressure method.Its technical characterictic is: (under 0.09～0MPa), reaction temperature is 400～650 ℃, mass space velocity 1～12h in negative pressure -1Catalytic pyrolysis butylene under the condition, propylene and ethylene yield reach 60%; Although the negative pressure effect is better, its requirement to equipment is harsh.
Patent CN1915929A (2007) discloses a kind of explained hereafter cyclopropene method that adopts the multistage beds.Its technical characterictic is: carbon four and above olefin feedstock thereof be by comprising at least the fixed bed reactors of two-stage catalytic agent bed, is at least 10 ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst with silica alumina ratio and contacts preparing propone.
Patent CN1915923A (2007) has disclosed a kind of C4～C12 olefins by catalytic cracking and has prepared the method for propylene.Its technical characterictic is: add an olefin oligomerization device in reaction process, uncracked C 4 olefin in the product is passed through oligomerisation reaction, main production carbon eight alkene, and butane is not participated in oligomerisation reaction, carries out separating of butane and alkene through simple cooling; What oligomerisation reaction obtained turns back to alkene cracking reactor again take carbon eight alkene as main olefin product.
Following patent Introduction under the different type of reactor and process conditions, the method for carbon four and above olefin catalytic cracking to produce propylene thereof.
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Can see from above-mentioned document: by changing the method for the producing low-carbon alkene by catalytic pyrolysis such as process conditions or reactor, although can improve to a certain extent the selective and yield of purpose product.But, no matter being selected at the method that adds carrier gas in the raw material, adopts the operation of high temperature condition of negative pressure or multistage reactor, they all can increase the complexity of equipment, increase cost, are unfavorable for commercial Application.
In sum: at present, mainly be to select the ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve in the catalyst in the C _ 4 alkene catalytic pyrolysis producing light olefins.But because ZSM-5 molecular sieve has stronger acidity, and the acidity a little less than needing in the reaction of olefins by catalytic cracking production low-carbon alkene, must carry out to the ZSM-5 parent the various processing such as steam passivation, acid treatment before use for this reason, also need subsequently it is carried out the various element modified processing such as accordingly metal-modified, phosphorus modification.However, the reaction result of butylene preparing propylene by catalytic cracking and ethene is unsatisfactory at present, and the conversion ratio of general butylene is 60～80%, and the overall selectivity of propylene and ethene is all not high.And the modification of the preliminary treatment such as the high-temperature water vapor passivation that catalyst Precursors is carried out, acid treatment and various complexity but can increase the production cost of catalyst undoubtedly.In addition, when obtaining higher propylene and ethylene yield and selective 50～70%, reaction need pass into the carrier gas such as water vapour or need to adopt the harsh conditions such as negative pressure.Relatively simple method take water as diluent, still, the existence of large water gaging in the reaction, can accelerator activator nano molecular sieve catalyst aging especially, use for a long time totally unfavorable.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of new olefin cracking preparation of propylene.Why the olefin cracking preparation of propylene technology needed catalyst is carried out the modification of superheated vapor passivation and various complexity in the past, and need in reaction, utilize the diluent gas such as negative pressure or use water vapour, mainly be because the molecular sieve parent acidity of controlling catalyst is too strong, hydrogen migration and aromatisation side reaction are difficult to eliminate.We find when with ZSM-5 nucleus Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst, only has the weak acid center on the catalyst, and the grain size of catalyst is extremely small, thereby in the olefin cracking reaction, have intrinsic inhibition hydrogen migration and the effect of aromatisation side reaction, catalyst does not need complicated modification without the water vapour passivation yet; Do not need to utilize condition of negative pressure in the reaction, need not use the carrier gas such as water vapour yet, just can reach good Propylene Selectivity and productive rate.This thought obviously can be extended to molecular sieve ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, MCM-22, MCM-49, MCM-56 etc. and other molecular sieve with catalytic pyrolysis performance of having reported, but the ZSM-5 nucleus is best suited for.
As everyone knows, the acidity of zeolite molecular sieve is relevant with silica alumina ratio.The variation of silica alumina ratio can cause the acidity change of molecular sieve accordingly.The content of Al atom is relatively high in the low silica-alumina ratio zeolite molecular sieve, and acidic aluminum ol group content is relatively high, and the acid site density of molecular sieve is high; But owing to silicon, aluminium electronegativity difference, the electronegativity of the anion frame of low silica-alumina ratio molecular sieve is little, and is little to proton polarization power, so the acid site is on the weak side.The acid site density of the zeolite molecular sieve of high silica alumina ratio is low, and the acid amount is few, but acid strength is partially strong.Generally speaking, ZSM-5 belongs to silica-rich zeolite, and when its silica alumina ratio changed in relative broad range, molecular sieve all had than highly acid, and this also is the reason that ZSM-5 molecular sieve in use must modification.
The acidity of zeolite molecular sieve is also relevant with crystallite dimension.Be positioned near the ol group in ZSM-5 3 D pore canal crosspoint acid strong, and be positioned at a little less than the acidity in molecular sieve outer surface or aperture.Reduce the zeolite crystal size, make increasing strong acid point be exposed to aperture or outer surface, reduce near acid site, crosspoint, duct, can make the acid strength reduction of molecular sieve and be tending towards homogenising.Prepare catalytic cracking catalyst with the ZSM-5 nucleus and just be based on this understanding.The ZSM-5 nucleus is different from small-grain ZSM-5, also is different from nano-ZSM-5.Briefly, the ZSM-5 nucleus is not crystal, is some structure cells, and its X-ray polycrystal powder diffraction maximum is extremely faint, and structure does not have long range order.By contrast, although nano-ZSM-5 crystal grain is very little, its structure has had long range order.Therefore, has strong X-ray polycrystal powder diffraction maximum.The difference of ZSM-5 nucleus and nano-ZSM-5 can be from Fig. 1-X-ray polycrystal powder diffraction pattern and Fig. 2-NH 3Know among the acid figure of-TPD and find out.
Catalytic cracking for producing propylene using must be through polymerization-cracking process on the ZSM-5 catalyst for butylene, and such reaction mainly occurs in the weak acid position of catalyst.The c h bond type reaction that hydrogen migration and dehydroaromatizationof generate alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons is the key factor that affects purpose product Propylene Selectivity, and this type of reaction mainly occurs in stronger acid position.Therefore can suppress the side reaction of c h bond type by reducing catalyst acidity, improve purpose products collection efficiency and selective.From NH 3Can see obviously among the-TPD acid characterization figure that the intrinsic weak acid intensity of ZSM-5 nucleus suits and is evenly distributed, its n-hexane/cyclohexane adsorbance is different from nano-ZSM-5.So ZSM-5 nucleus olefins by catalytic cracking preferably.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The first step: synthetic ZSM-5 molecular sieve nucleus
At first, silicon source, crystal seed and deionized water are made into glue A, with aluminium source and inorganic acid or alkali, deionized water wiring solution-forming B, then, under strong agitation, solution B are slowly joined and be made into even gel among the glue A.Each component by the mol ratio of its oxide is in this gel: M 2O (alkali metal oxide): Al 2O 3: SiO 2: H 2O=3-12: 1: 20-800: 100-900; The crystal seed addition is not more than butt total amount 10% in the mixture gel; When preparation glue A, can the choice for use template, template used dose and SiO 2Mol ratio is not more than 10.
The optional silicic acid in described silicon source, white carbon, Ludox, waterglass, ethyl orthosilicate, any or its any mixture in the sodium metasilicate etc., the optional boehmite in aluminium source, sodium aluminate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, any or its any mixture in the sodium metaaluminate etc., the optional NaOH of alkali source, any or its any mixture among the KOH etc., the optional sulfuric acid of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, any or its mixture in the hydrochloric acid etc., template is n-butylamine, ethylenediamine, ethamine, 4-propyl bromide, TPAOH, propylamine, any or its any mixture in 1, the 6-hexamethylene diamine etc.
With gel hydrothermal crystallizing under static state or dynamic condition of gained, when crystallization finishes induction period, stop crystallization.The crystallization temperature scope is 50-200 ℃, and preferred 80-170 ℃, the crystallization time scope is 10min～500h, preferred 30min～24h.After crystallization is finished, be cooled to room temperature and drive still, filter and obtain solid product.Solid product is processed through washing, drying and high-temperature roasting method, obtains ZSM-5 nucleus product.
The crystallization process of ZSM-5 zeolite generally can be divided into induction period and two stages of crystallization phase.Gel-forming nucleus in induction period becomes crystal at the interim nucleus Fast Growth of crystallization, and two stages consist of S type crystallization curve.The synthetic key of ZSM-5 nucleus is the coupling of crystallization temperature and crystallization time.When crystallization temperature was high, crystallization was short induction period; When crystallization temperature was low, crystallization was long induction period.Therefore, when crystallization temperature was high, the crystallization time of selecting was short; When crystallization temperature was low, the crystallization time of selecting can prolong accordingly.Turning point in lower induction period of different situations and crystallization phase will be determined by experiment.
In fact, ZSM-5 nucleus synthetic also can adopt the prescription in the disclosed patent and document to carry out.Such as patent US3702886 (1972), US3941871 (1976), US4061724 (1977), US4166099 (1979), US4257885 (1981), EP0098641A2 (1984), US4526879 (1985), US4565681 (1986), CN85100463B (1988), CN85100463A (1989), US5240892 (1993), CN1086792A (1994), CN1219571A (1999), CN1056818C (2000), WO0138224A (2001), CN1088406C (2002), CN1417116A (2003), CN1530323A (2004), CN1699173A (2005), CN1715186A (2006), CN1307102C (2007), CN101279746A (2008), CN101559955A (2009), CN101428818B (2010), CN101993091A (2011).According to the preparation gel method of reporting in these existing open source literatures and the patent, carry out the synthetic of ZSM-5 nucleus product according to the crystallization condition of recommending in the above-mentioned steps again.
Second step: ZSM-5 nucleus powder product is prepared into catalytic cracking catalyst
Extruded moulding: ZSM-5 nucleus powder product, aluminium oxide and sesbania powder are mixed by suitable butt proportioning, and then with salpeter solution that the mixture kneading is even, extruded moulding carries out drying, roasting to shaped article at last again.Aluminium oxide is got 30%～80% of total butt, and the sesbania powder is got total butt 0～10%; The salpeter solution volumetric concentration is 5%～20%; Baking temperature is 50～200 ℃, and be 3～20h drying time, and sintering temperature is 400～700 ℃, and roasting time is 1～10h.
The assay method of the butt that relates in this programme is: get a certain amount of powder sample high-temperature roasting certain hour in Muffle furnace, powder quality ratio is the contents on dry basis of sample before powder quality after the roasting and the roasting, sintering temperature is 600 ℃, and roasting time is 2～3h.In addition, the key of extrusion is the mechanical strength that guarantees catalyst in this programme, and desired strength is not less than 10N/cm.The mensuration of mechanical strength adopts the ZQJ-II Intelligent testing machine for particle to carry out.
Ammonium exchange: with baked shaped article, under suitable temperature, carry out ion-exchange with ammonium salt solution; Then wash with deionized water; Obtain hydrogen type catalyst by dry, roasting again.Ammonium exchange process major control Na +Content makes it can not be higher than 0.2%.Described ammonium salt can be any in ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, the ammonium carbonate etc., and ammonium salt solution concentration is 0.05～1.0mol/L, and the liquid-solid volume ratio of ammonium salt solution and catalyst is 1: 1～20: 1, preferred 3: 1～10: 1; Exchange temperature is 20～80 ℃, preferred 20～60 ℃; Swap time 10min～100h, preferred 30min～4h; Exchange times 1～5 time.The baking temperature of ammonium exchange selects 80～200 ℃, drying time 1～100h; NH 4 +→ NH 3+ H +Middle NH 3With proton H +Between strong complexing power, require thorough roasting, so sintering temperature selects 300～700 ℃, preferred 400～600 ℃; Roasting time is 4～20h, preferred 3～8h.
Said Na +The assay method of content can adopt flame photometer, and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) measures.The engineer who is familiar with this area can carry out Na with reference to specification +Measure.
Acid reaming: with the hydrogen type catalyst after the above-mentioned ammonium exchange, under the conditions such as suitable acid concentration and temperature, carry out sour reaming and process; Then with deionized water washing to neutral, carry out drying again, roasting obtains catalyst, and is for subsequent use.
The optional HCl of described acid, HNO 3, H 2SO 4Or any in the citric acid, preferred HNO 3And citric acid.Because adopt HCl can introduce Cl, and H 2SO 4Decompose difficulty, be difficult for removing.Acid concentration is 0.05～6mol/L, the liquid-solid volume ratio of acid solution and catalyst 1: 1～20: 1, preferred 3: 1～10: 1; The acid reaming processing time is 30min～100h, preferred 1～5h; Treatment temperature is 20～80 ℃.Baking temperature is 50～200 ℃, and be 3～20h drying time, and sintering temperature selects 300～600 ℃, and roasting time is 1～4h.
The purpose of sour reaming is to remove the amorphous barrier of ZSM-5 nucleus inside in this programme, increases the diffusion rate in duct.In fact, the hydrogen type catalyst that obtains after the ammonium exchange can be directly used in the reaction of preparing propylene by catalytic cracking olefin.But sour reaming is favourable to the activity of improving catalyst.So far, finished the preparation of preparing propylene by catalytic cracking catalyst among the present invention.
With ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst cracking olefin preparing propone and the isobutene of preparation, the reaction Raw can be the C 4 fraction of taking out excess, methanol-to-olefins by-product, the alkene in the light FCC gasoline (C5～C8) or the C4 in other oil refining and the PETROLEUM PROCESSING～C5 alkene of butylene, c4 cleavage or the C5 in the hybrid C 4 behind mixed butene, the ether.Carry out catalytic cracking reaction at fixed bed reactors, reaction temperature is 400～600 ℃, and reaction pressure is 0.01～0.1MPa, and weight space velocity is 1～100h -1, need not any carrier gas.Wherein, 450 ℃～500 ℃ of reaction temperatures, weight space velocity 3～20h -1Be the optimal conditions scope.
The present invention also is applicable to this in ZSM-23, ZSM-48, ZSM-12, MCM-22, MCM-56, MCM-49, ITQ-2 equimolecular sieve nucleus.These molecular sieve nucleus can adopt the prescription in the disclosed patent and document to carry out.Such as CN1328960A (2002), CN1686801A (2005), CN101007637A (2007), CN101214971 (2008), CN101613114 (2009), CN101554592A (2009), CN101801848A (2010), CN10204023A (2010), CN101973560A (2011), Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 31 (1999) 241-251, Journal of Materials Chemistry 12 (2002) 369-373, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B:Enzymatic 22 (2003) 119-133, Journal of Catalysis 255 (2008) 68-78.The engineer who is familiar with this area all can adopt the technical method of reporting in existing open source literature and the patent, and then the preparation gel, carries out the synthetic of molecular sieve nucleus product according to the crystallization condition of recommending in the above-mentioned steps.Synthesizing can be by being used for catalytic cracking reaction with top described method Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst with prepared catalyst behind the said molecular sieve nucleus.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst itself only has the weak acid center, and crystal grain is extremely small, need not any modification, must not adopt any negative pressure or carrier gas condition just can significantly suppress the side reactions such as hydrogen migration aromatisation yet, thereby improved the selective and yield of purpose product, made Deep Catalytic Cracking process simpler, catalyst is more cheap.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be the embodiment of the invention 1 with Comparative Examples in the ZSM-5 nucleus that synthesizes and the X-ray polycrystalline diffraction comparison diagram of nano-ZSM-5 zeolite.Can be seen by Fig. 1: the ZSM-5 nucleus in 2 θ=7 °～9 ° and 22 °～25 ° characteristic diffraction peaks that ZSM-5 molecular sieve occurs.
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the invention 1 with Comparative Examples 1 in the ZSM-5 nucleus that synthesizes and the acid comparison diagram of nano-ZSM-5.Can be seen by Fig. 2: at 150～350 ℃ of weak acid centers that low temperature desorption district is corresponding, 350～600 ℃ of strong acid centers corresponding to high temperature desorption district; Nano-ZSM-5 has typical two desorption peaks, and the ZSM-5 nucleus only has a weak acid desorption peaks.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described by following examples, but the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of these embodiment.
Comparative Examples
With reference to the report of publication CN1260126C, carry out the synthetic of ZSM-5 molecular sieve.Be about to waterglass, crystal seed, n-butylamine and deionized water and be made into glue A, then with aluminum sulfate solution, sodium chloride, deionized water and H 2SO 4Solution, then the wiring solution-forming B that stirs, slowly joins solution B under strong agitation and is mixed with the mixture gel in the A solution.Each component by the mol ratio of its oxide is in the gel:
Al 2O 3: SiO 2: Na 2O: n-C 4H 9NH 2: NaCl: H 2O=1.0: 31.2: 2.0: 12.2: 18: 833.3, adding the crystal seed amount was that mixture gel butt gross weight is 10.0%.The mixture gel is added in the reactor, be warming up to gradually 100 ℃ under stirring, kept 24 hours, in 2 hours, be warming up to 170 ℃ again, kept 36 hours, then be down to normal temperature, filter, tell mother liquor, reactant obtains the white powder product through washing, drying and roasting.(XRD) is determined as the ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve through X-ray diffraction, records its crystal grain between 20～30nm with transmission electron microscope, belongs to nano-ZSM-5.
Extruded moulding: with the gained molecular sieve: aluminium oxide: field fine powder mass ratio equals 4: 6: 0.03 ratio and mixes, and is 10% dilute nitric acid solution with volumetric concentration with the even extruded moulding again of its kneading; Then with shaped article dry 12h, 500 ℃ of lower roasting 3h under 110 ℃.
The ammonium exchange: with the ion-exchange of 0.2mol/L ammonium nitrate solution, the liquid-solid volume ratio of ammonium nitrate and catalyst is 3: 1, and 3h is processed in the ammonium exchange at ambient temperature, carries out twice continuously, then washs with deionized water; Product is 100 ℃ of lower dry 12h in temperature after the ammonium exchange, and hydrogen type catalyst M-1 is namely made in 600 ℃ of lower roastings 6 hours, and is for subsequent use.
Acid reaming: with the hydrogen type catalyst M-1 that obtains after the ammonium exchange, dilute nitric acid solution with 0.6mol/L is 5: 1 by liquid-solid volume ratio, carry out at ambient temperature sour reaming, after 3h is processed in the acid reaming, being washed with water to neutrality, is 100 ℃ of lower dry 12h in temperature, and 540 ℃ of lower roastings are after 6 hours, make catalyst M-2, for subsequent use.
On fixed bed reactors, behind the ether of catalytic cracking unit by-product, mix carbon 4 liquid gas as raw material, its Raw consists of: butene-1 (C 4 =-1) be 14.61%, along trans-butene-2 (C 4 =-2) be 34.37%, isobutene (i-C 4 =) be 0.037%, butane content is 50.34% (iso-butane i-C 4 0Be 37.96%, normal butane n-C 4 0Be 12.38%), residue 0.64% is propane and C 5 +Composition.Reaction pressure is normal pressure, 450 ℃ of reaction temperatures, WHSV=3.85h -1Condition under, carry out the butylene catalytic cracking reaction take M-1 and M-2 as catalyst, it is 95.20% and 96.67% that butene conversion is respectively, productivity of propylene is respectively 4.57% and 4.60%.The isobutene yield is 1.52% and 2.10%.
Embodiment 1
Be about to waterglass, crystal seed, n-butylamine and deionized water and be made into glue A, then with aluminum sulfate solution, deionized water and H 2SO 4Solution, then the wiring solution-forming B that stirs, slowly joins solution B under strong agitation and is mixed with the mixture gel in the A solution.Each component by the mol ratio of its oxide is in the gel: Al 2O 3: SiO 2: Na 2O: n-C 4H 9NH 2: H 2O=1.0: 36.2: 2.0: 12.2: 850, the crystal seed addition is that mixture gel butt gross weight is 10.0%.Reaction mixture gel is added in the reactor, be warming up to gradually 110 ℃ under stirring, keep 24h.Then be down to normal temperature, filter, tell mother liquor, the white powder product that reactant obtains through washing, drying and roasting.Industry X-ray diffraction (XRD) is measured, and have the diffractive features peak of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, but its intensity is very weak, namely obtains the ZSM-5 nucleus.
Extruded moulding: with the gained molecular sieve: aluminium oxide: field fine powder mass ratio equals 4: 6: 0.03 ratio and mixes, and is 10% dilute nitric acid solution with volumetric concentration with the even extruded moulding again of its kneading; Then with shaped article dry 12h, 500 ℃ of lower roasting 3h under 110 ℃.
The ammonium exchange: with the ion-exchange of 0.2mol/L ammonium nitrate solution, the liquid-solid volume ratio of ammonium nitrate and catalyst is 3: 1, and 3h is processed in the ammonium exchange at ambient temperature, carries out twice continuously, then washs with deionized water; Product is 100 ℃ of lower dry 12h in temperature after the ammonium exchange, and hydrogen type catalyst A-1 is namely made in 600 ℃ of lower roastings 6 hours, and is for subsequent use.
Acid reaming: with the hydrogen type catalyst M-1 that obtains after the ammonium exchange, dilute nitric acid solution with 0.6mol/L is 5: 1 by liquid-solid volume ratio, carry out at ambient temperature sour reaming, after 3h is processed in the acid reaming, being washed with water to neutrality, is 100 ℃ of lower dry 12h in temperature, and 540 ℃ of lower roastings are after 6 hours, make catalyst A-2, for subsequent use.
On fixed bed reactors, behind the ether of catalytic cracking unit by-product, mix carbon 4 liquid gas as raw material, its Raw consists of: butene-1 (C 4 =-1) be 14.61%, along trans-butene-2 (C 4 =-2) be 34.37%, isobutene (i-C 4 =) be 0.037%, butane content is 50.34% (iso-butane i-C 4 0Be 37.96%, normal butane n-C 4 0Be 12.38%), residue 0.64% is propane and C 5 +Composition.Reaction pressure is normal pressure, 500 ℃ of reaction temperatures, WHSV=3.5h -1Condition under, carry out the butylene catalytic cracking reaction take A-1 and A-2 as catalyst, butene conversion is respectively 75.84% and 76.02%, productivity of propylene is respectively 34.98% and 35.33%, the isobutene yield is 11.60% and 12.65%.
Embodiment 2
Repeat embodiment 1, but change crystallization temperature into 120 ℃, 170 ℃, corresponding crystallization time is 18h, 0.5h.Then obtain ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst A-3, A-4.Reaction pressure is normal pressure, 470 ℃ of reaction temperatures, WHSV=3.5h -1Condition under, its butene conversion is respectively 82.71% and 81.54%, propene yield respectively 27.60% and 26.48%, the isobutene yield is respectively 12.01% and 14.60%.
Embodiment 3～5
Repeat embodiment 1, but crystallization time is changed into respectively 20h, 10h, 5h.Then obtain ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst A-5, A-6, A-7.Its butene conversion is for being respectively 69.51%, 65.65% and 66.47%, and propene yield is respectively 33.40%, 32.60% and 30.26%, isobutene yield 10.45%, 9.75% and 11.03%.
Embodiment 6～8
Repeat embodiment 1, but the silica alumina ratio of molecular sieve is changed into respectively 25,80,125.Then obtain ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst B-1, B-2, B-3.At normal pressure, reaction temperature is 470 ℃, WHSV=3.5h -1Condition under, its butene conversion is for being respectively 83.97%, 84.44% and 85.47%, propene yield is 24.04%, 23.56% and 22.87%, isobutene yield 10.96%, 9.32% and 11.65%.
Embodiment 9～12
Repeat embodiment 1, but white carbon, Ludox, sodium metasilicate are changed into respectively in the silicon source.Then obtain ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst C-1, C-2, C-3.At normal pressure, reaction temperature is 470 ℃, WHSV=1.5h -1Condition under, its butene conversion is 84.48%, 83.92% and 84.20%, propene yield is 23.49%, 24.31% and 22.98%, isobutene yield 12.43%, 11.95% and 12.83%.
Embodiment 13～15
Repeat embodiment 1, but the change of aluminium source is respectively sodium metaaluminate, aluminum nitrate, sodium aluminate.Then obtain ZSM-5 nucleus catalyst D-1, D-2, D-3.At normal pressure, reaction temperature is 470 ℃, WHSV=5.0h -1Condition under, its butene conversion is 77.07%, 76.86% and 76.53%, propene yield is 22.88%, 22.50% and 21.33%, isobutene yield 14.26%, 14.56% and 15.30%.
Embodiment 16～18
Repeat embodiment 1, but behind the hydrogen type catalyst of system after the ammonium exchange, be to carry out sour reaming under 25 ℃ with the rare nitric acid of 0.4mol/L in temperature, the processing time is respectively 4h, 8h, 12h, obtains catalyst and is designated as E-1, E-2, E-3.At normal pressure, reaction temperature is 470 ℃, WHSV=8.25h -1Condition under, its butene conversion is 80.70%, 81.20% and 82.65%, propene yield is 18.69%, 18.36% and 19.61%, isobutene yield 9.59%, 8.98% and 9.87%.
Embodiment 19
Mix carbon 4 liquid gas as raw material behind ether, its total butene content is 53%, wherein butene-1 (C 4 =-1) be 16.29%, along trans-butene-2 (C 4 =-2) be 33.81%, isobutene (i-C 4 =) be 2.96%, butane content is 45% (iso-butane i-C 4 0Be 34.96%, normal butane n-C 4 0Be 10.10%), residue 2% is propane and C 5 +Composition.A-1, the A-2 for preparing in above-described embodiment respectively, B-2, C-1, D-1, E-1 be as catalyst, on fixed bed reactors, and normal pressure, 470 ℃ of reaction temperatures, WHSV=3.5h -1React result such as following table under the condition:
The reactivity worth table of table 1 different catalysts
Catalyst Conversion ratio (quality %) Propene yield (quality %) Isobutene yield (quality %)
A-1 83.21 25.77 15.47
A-2 80.51 27.77 13.87
B-2 75.45 28.40 10.63
C-1 81.54 27.50 9.78
D-1 80.18 27.60 14.95
E-1 78.43 28.52 12.14
The adsorbance contrast of table 2 nano-ZSM-5 and nucleus phase ZSM-5
Sample N-hexane adsorbance % Cyclohexane adsorbance % The duct restricted index
Nano-ZSM-5 8.560 8.225 1.040
The ZSM-5 nucleus 4.690 8.020 0.585
Table 2 is the adsorbance contrast of Comparative Examples and embodiment gained catalyst, can see that there is significant difference in the duct restricted index of ZSM-5 nucleus and nano-ZSM-5, and the duct restraining force of ZSM-5 nucleus is very weak.

Claims (8)

1. the method for a preparing propylene by catalytic cracking is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step, synthetic ZSM-5 molecular sieve nucleus: silicon source, crystal seed and deionized water are made into glue A; With aluminium source and inorganic acid or alkali, deionized water wiring solution-forming B; Stir lower solution B is slowly joined and be made into even gel among the glue A; Each component by the mol ratio of its oxide is in this gel: alkali metal oxide: Al 2O 3: SiO 2: H 2O=3-12:1:20-800:100-900; With the gel hydrothermal crystallizing, when crystallization finishes induction period, stop crystallization; Crystallization temperature is 50-200 ℃, and the crystallization time scope is 10min ~ 500h; The crystal seed addition is not more than butt total amount 10% in the mixture gel;
Second step: the ZSM-5 nucleus is prepared into catalytic cracking catalyst: ZSM-5 nucleus, aluminium oxide and sesbania powder are mixed by the butt proportioning, and then with salpeter solution that the mixture kneading is even, extruded moulding carries out drying, roasting to shaped article at last again; With baked shaped article, carry out ion-exchange with ammonium salt solution, then wash with deionized water; Dry, roasting obtains hydrogen type catalyst again; Hydrogen type catalyst after the above-mentioned ammonium exchange is carried out sour reaming to be processed; Then with deionized water washing to neutral, carry out drying again, roasting obtains catalyst;
The reaction Raw is the C 4 fraction of taking out excess, methanol-to-olefins by-product, the C5 in the light FCC gasoline ~ C8 alkene or the C4 ~ C5 alkene of taking out excess, cracking c5 of the butylene in the hybrid C 4, c4 cleavage behind mixed butene, the ether; Carry out catalytic cracking reaction at fixed bed reactors, reaction temperature is 400 ~ 600 ℃, and reaction pressure is 0.01 ~ 0.1MPa, and weight space velocity is 1 ~ 100h -1, without carrier gas.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when preparation glue A, adds template, template and SiO 2Mol ratio is not more than 10.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, alkali source selects any or its mixture among NaOH, the KOH, a kind of or its mixture in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, the hydrochloric acid is selected in acid, template is n-butylamine, ethylenediamine, ethamine, 4-propyl bromide, TPAOH, propylamine, 1, a kind of or its mixture in the 6-hexamethylene diamine.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the crystallization temperature scope is 80-170 ℃, and the crystallization time scope is 30min ~ 24h.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, aluminium oxide is got 30% ~ 80% of total butt when extruded moulding, and the sesbania powder is got and is no more than total butt 10%; The salpeter solution volumetric concentration is 5% ~ 20%; Baking temperature is 50 ~ 200 ℃, and be 3 ~ 20h drying time, and sintering temperature is 400 ~ 700 ℃, and roasting time is 1 ~ 10h.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the condition of ammonium exchange is as follows: the liquid-solid volume ratio of ammonium salt solution and catalyst is 1:1 ~ 20:1; Exchange temperature is 20 ~ 80 ℃; Swap time 10min ~ 100h; Exchange times 1 ~ 5 time.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the condition of ammonium exchange is as follows: the liquid-solid volume ratio of ammonium salt solution and catalyst is 3:1 ~ 10:1; Exchange temperature is 20 ~ 60 ℃; Swap time 30min ~ 4h.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, 450 ℃ ~ 500 ℃ of reaction temperatures, weight space velocity 3 ~ 20h -1
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