CN102302532A - Extraction technologcial method of glucosinolate in canola meal - Google Patents
Extraction technologcial method of glucosinolate in canola meal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an extraction technological method of glucosinolate in canola meal. In the method, the effects of parameters, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, a pH value, a solvent type and levelness, etc., on a extraction product of the glucosinolate in the canola meal are investigated, and the optimal technological conditions are determined; and the method comprises the step of: by using 80% methyl alcohol as an extractant, extracting three times at 70 DEG C for 4 hours with solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, wherein the extracting solution of the third time is used as the solvent for the next batch, the maximum extraction amount of the glucosinolate is 45.68 micro mol/g under the technological conditions, and the pH value has no apparent effect on glucosinolate extraction. In the technological method, the use of resin, such as DEAESephadexTM A25, etc., and other operation modes for further purifying the glucosinolate is cancelled, and the method aims at eradicating sulpho in the canola meal and providing glucosinolate semi-finished products in order to reduce the extraction cost of a glucosinolate pure product and the detoxification cost of the canola meal. The extraction technological method has the favorable characteristics of being simple to operate, reducing the cost, saving the resources and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to development of resources and utilize the field, from agricultural by-products and refuse, produce the production technology of sulfur glycoside.Be particularly related to the process for extracting of sulfur glycoside in a kind of Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice.
Background technology
The sulfur glycoside is one type of important secondary metabolite in the crucifer; In plant, exist with sulfur glycoside-myrosin system form; It is prone to hydrolysis takes place under the catalytic action of myrosin, and its main degradation products is rhodanate, isothiocyanate, nitrile and epithelium sulfane hydrocarbon.Sulfur glycoside and catabolite thereof have certain toxicity, and the food that animal edible sulfur-bearing glycoside is high can cause thyromegaly.Brassica campestris L is a kind of oil plant crops important in the crucifer, utilize Semen Brassicae campestris to extract oil and the process of production biodiesel in can produce a large amount of rapeseed meal, only the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice that produced behind the annual Semen Brassicae campestris system oil of China can reach 600～7,000,000 t.Nutritional labelings such as rapeseed meal rich in proteins and aminoacid are good animal feeds, but because it is rich in the sulfur glycoside, have had a strong impact on the extensive use of rapeseed meal.There are some researches show; Sulfur glycoside and catabolite thereof have the human body immunity improving ability; Strengthen antioxidation, mutation and antineoplastic action, and do not cause normal cell genovariation, multiple cancer and tumor such as gastric cancer, breast carcinoma, carcinoma of prostate, colon cancer etc. are had inhibition and preventive effect.In addition, sulfur glycoside and catabolite thereof also have the function that suppresses weeds and disease and pest, can be used as green organic insecticide and herbicide, to substitute deleterious synthetic pesticide.Therefore, the sulfur glycoside in the rapeseed meal is extracted have crucial meaning.
Often adopt methods such as heat treatment, solid fermentation, water treatment to reduce traditionally or remove the sulfur glycoside in the rapeseed meal, but adopt these methods not have fundamentally thoroughly to remove the sulfur glycoside in the rapeseed meal.
Though it is more that the extraction process of present sulfur glycoside is studied, mostly technology is loaded down with trivial details, lacks the process of quick, effective, perfect extraction sulfur glycoside.
Summary of the invention
The process for extracting that the purpose of this invention is to provide sulfur glycoside in a kind of Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice.It is the process route that the sulfur glycoside in the Semen Brassicae campestris to the bests of optimizations such as various parameters such as temperature, pH value, solvent separates and purifies.
Particular content of the present invention:
The process for extracting of sulfur glycoside in a kind of Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice is characterized in that:
With crossing the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice of 60 mesh sieves, in apparatus,Soxhlet's, carry out ungrease treatment 30min with petroleum ether, after the filtration, cold drying, it is subsequent use to make defatted canola dregs of rice powder after milling, pulverize, sieving;
Get 10g defatted canola dregs of rice powder in beaker; In boiling water bath behind the dry blowing 10min; Add the 100mL extractant; Extractant adopts methanol or dehydrated alcohol; After constant temperature extracts 3h under the magnetic agitation; Sucking filtration; With the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice behind the identical extractant lotion sucking filtration; With Rotary Evaporators gained filtrating and cleaning mixture are concentrated into 50mL, in concentrated solution, add 0.5mol/L lead acetate-zinc acetate solution 2.5mL again, after fully stirring; Centrifugal 20min is with deposition protein wherein under the 2000r/min; And will precipitate lotion with extractant, with the adsorbed sulfur glycoside of desorbing protein, recentrifuge; Get sulfur glycoside crude extract; And add the 2g active carbon and carry out adsorption bleaching, crude extract is concentrated into about 10mL under 50 ℃ with Rotary Evaporators, must light yellow sulfur glycoside crude product.
Adopt the experiment of single factor method, confirmed in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice, to carry out the optimum process condition that the sulfur glycoside extracts: extractant adopts 80% methanol, time 4h; 70 ℃ of thermostat temperatures; Solid-liquid ratio is 1: 10, and extraction time is three times, and extracting solution for the third time uses as the solvent of next batch; Under these process conditions, sulfur glycoside maximum extracted amount is 45.68 μ mol/g; In the leaching process, pH changes in the 5.21-9.23 scope, can not produce obviously influence to sulfur glycoside extracted amount.
Characteristics of the present invention
Using 80% methyl alcohol; Extracting temperature is 70 ℃; During refluxing extraction 4h; Solid-liquid ratio is under 1: 10 condition; The rapeseed dregs of rice to after the extraction of sulphur glucoside carry out analyzing and testing; The result shows: do not determine sulphur glucoside material in the rapeseed dregs of rice after the extraction; Show that adopting this technology to carry out the sulphur glucoside extracts more thorough; Can fundamentally remove the sulphur glucoside noxious material in the rapeseed dregs; Thereby making the rapeseed dregs of rice can be used as animal feed is widely used; And the sulphur glucoside crude product of preparation can be further used for other research (like the exploitation of cancer therapy drug, environment friendly agricultural development etc.), improved the comprehensive utilization value of rapeseed.In addition; This technology has been cancelled resin and other mode of operation being further purified the sulfur glycoside such as adopting DEAESephadexTMA25; Be intended to eradicate the sulfo-in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice; Sulfur glycoside semi-finished product are provided; Thereby the extraction cost of the pure article of low sulfatide and the detoxification cost of the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice fall; Have simple to operately, reduce cost, good characteristics such as economize on resources.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the glucose canonical plotting
Fig. 2 is ethanol and the methanol content graph of a relation that influences to sulfur glycoside extracted amount
Fig. 3 is the influence graph of a relation of time to sulfur glycoside extracted amount
Fig. 4 is the influence graph of a relation of temperature to sulfur glycoside extracted amount
Fig. 5 is the influence graph of a relation of pH to sulfur glycoside extracted amount
The practical implementation method
The process for extracting of sulfur glycoside in a kind of Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice with crossing the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice of 60 mesh sieves, carries out ungrease treatment 30min with petroleum ether in apparatus,Soxhlet's, after the filtration, and cold drying, it is subsequent use to make defatted canola dregs of rice powder after milling, pulverize, sieving;
Get 10g defatted canola dregs of rice powder in beaker; In boiling water bath behind the dry blowing 10min; Add the 100mL extractant; Extractant adopts methanol or dehydrated alcohol; After constant temperature extracts 3h under the magnetic agitation; Sucking filtration; With the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice behind the identical extractant lotion sucking filtration; With Rotary Evaporators gained filtrating and cleaning mixture are concentrated into 50mL, in concentrated solution, add 0.5mol/L lead acetate-zinc acetate solution 2.5mL again, after fully stirring; Centrifugal 20min is with deposition protein wherein under the 2000r/min; And will precipitate lotion with extractant, with the adsorbed sulfur glycoside of desorbing protein, recentrifuge; Get sulfur glycoside crude extract; And add the 2g active carbon and carry out adsorption bleaching, crude extract is concentrated into about 10mL under 50 ℃ with Rotary Evaporators, must light yellow sulfur glycoside crude product.
1. adopt the experiment of single factor method, confirmed in rapeseed cake, to carry out the optimum process condition that the sulfur glycoside extracts: extractant adopts 80% methanol, time 4h; 70 ℃ of thermostat temperatures; Solid-liquid ratio is 1: 10, and extraction time is three times, and extracting solution for the third time uses as the solvent of next batch; Under these process conditions, sulfur glycoside maximum extracted amount is 45.68 μ mol/g;
2. adopt orthogonal test optimum process condition to be verified Orthogonal experiment results and experiment of single factor method come to the same thing, the principal element that influences the extraction of sulfur glycoside is methanol concentration, temperature, solid-liquid ratio and time successively.
3. in the leaching process, pH changes in the 5.21-9.23 scope, can not produce obviously influence to sulfur glycoside extracted amount;
4. do not detect the sulfur glycoside in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice after the sulfur glycoside extracts, show that these process conditions can eradicate the sulfur glycoside material in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice, thereby guarantee that the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice and sulfur glycoside are used effectively.
Concrete steps:
1. material and equipment
The Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice: purchase peasant household in Mianyang, Sichuan; Petroleum ether, ethanol, dehydrated alcohol, absolute methanol, glacial acetic acid, ethyl acetate, sulphuric acid, phenol, lead acetate, zinc acetate, glucose, etc. reagent: purchase sky over the river chemical industry technology company limited, be all analytical pure in Tianjin;
YP202N type electronic balance: Shanghai Precision Scientific Apparatus Co., Ltd; The temperature adjustable electrically heated cover of ZDHW type: center, Beijing great achievement Instr Ltd.; JJ-1 type magnetic force motor stirrer: Tianjing Huabei Laboratory Apparatus Co., Ltd.; FW-80 type high speed Universalpulverizer: the bright forever Medical Instruments in Beijing factory; SHB-III type circulation ability of swimming is used vacuum pump more: Zhengzhou Greatwall Scientific Industrial & Trading Co., Ltd.; DF-101B type heated at constant temperature magnetic stirring apparatus: Gongyi City magnificent instrument of son Co., Ltd; UV-7504 type ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer: luxuriant Instr Ltd. is drunk in Shanghai.
2. experimental technique
2.1 sulfur glycoside method for distilling in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice
With crossing the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice of 60 mesh sieves, in apparatus,Soxhlet's, carry out ungrease treatment 30min with petroleum ether, after the filtration, cold drying, it is subsequent use to make defatted canola dregs of rice powder.Get 10g defatted canola dregs of rice powder in beaker; In boiling water bath behind the dry blowing 10min; Add 100mL extractant (methanol; Dehydrated alcohol etc.); After constant temperature extracts certain hour under the magnetic agitation; Sucking filtration; With the identical extractant lotion Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice; And gained filtrating is concentrated into 50mL with Rotary Evaporators; In concentrated solution, add 0.5mol/L lead acetate-zinc acetate solution 2.5mL again; After fully stirring; Centrifugal 20min is with wherein protein of deposition under the 2000r/min, and will precipitate lotion, recentrifuge with extractant; Get sulfur glycoside crude extract; And add a certain amount of active carbon and carry out adsorption bleaching, crude extract is concentrated into about 10mL under 50 ℃ with Rotary Evaporators, light yellow sulfur glycoside crude product.
2.2 sulfur glycoside extraction process route:
The Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice → drying → mill, pulverize, sieve → defat → drying → liquid phase extraction → isolating protein → decolouring → concentrate → sulfur glycoside crude product
2.3 glucosinolate content assay method
Adopt sulfuric acid-phynol method to carry out the bigness scale of sulfur glycoside.The legal sugar of sulfuric acid-phynol is to be utilized under the pyritous condition, and sulphuric acid is separated by sucrose solution and condensation generates furfural, and furfural forms stable colour developing with phenol again and measures, so temperature is very big to the colour developing influence.Traditional sulfuric acid-phynol method repeatability is relatively poor, so this experiment has selected for use the sulfuric acid-phynol method of improvement to measure.Promptly earlier water and sulphuric acid are mixed, can play diluting effect to concentrated sulphuric acid like this, the cooling of reuse frozen water; Add phenol crystal at last, be made into colour developing liquid, and heat through boiling water bath and to make its colour developing; Thereby guaranteed that the response system temperature is consistent, solved the repeatability and the accuracy that detect well.When the sulfur glycoside is measured, adopt distilled water to carry out blank contrast experiment, the mensuration absorbance at 490nm place can calculate the glucose content of the solution of surveying with reference to the glucose standard curve, further is converted into glucosinolate content.
The glucose standard curve as shown in Figure 1.
2.4 glucosinolate content computational methods
3. result and discussion
3.1 solvent is to the influence of sulfur glycoside extracted amount
Table 1 different solvents is to the influence of sulfur glycoside extracted amount
Can be dissolved in the character of most organic solvents and water according to the sulfur glycoside, be 4h in extraction time, and extracting temperature is 70 ℃, and solid-liquid ratio is under the situation of 10g/100mL, has investigated the influence of several solvents to sulfur glycoside extraction effect, and is as shown in table 1.Can find out that when adopting methanol and dehydrated alcohol extraction, the extracted amount of sulfur glycoside is higher, is respectively 44.32 μ mol/g and 39.78 μ mol/g.And when adopting water and ethyl acetate to be solvent, the extracted amount of sulfur glycoside is lower.But adopting dehydrated alcohol and methanol is solvent, and cost of material is higher, and is unfavorable for that the sulfur glycoside extracts being further purified of the back Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice; Therefore; In methanol and ethanol solution, add a certain amount of secondary water, investigated of the influence of its concentration difference, as shown in Figure 2 sulfur glycoside extracted amount.
Can be found out that by Fig. 2 along with the increase gradually of ethanol and methanol content, sulfur glycoside extracted amount also increases thereupon, but compares with alcoholic solution, the employing methanol solution is an extractant, and sulfur glycoside extracted amount obviously improves.Thus it is clear that, be that the extraction that solvent carries out the sulfur glycoside has significant advantage with methanol.When being extractant with the methanol solution, when methanol content 80% the time, sulfur glycoside extracted amount is the highest, reaches 45.68 μ mol/g, thereby confirms that the optimum extraction agent that the sulfur glycoside extracts is 80% methanol solution.
3.2 the time is to the influence of sulfur glycoside extracted amount
Extracting temperature is 70 ℃, and extractant is 80% methanol, and solid-liquid ratio is under the situation of 10g/100mL, has investigated the influence of extraction time to sulfur glycoside extracted amount, as shown in Figure 3.Can find out that the time is the key factor that influences sulfur glycoside extracted amount, along with the increase of extraction time, the extracted amount of sulfur glycoside increases gradually, shows that the prolongation of extraction time can make the sulfur glycoside in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice dissociate out effectively, is dissolved in the extractant; When extraction time is 4h; Further time expand; The extracted amount of sulfur glycoside only slightly rises; Basically remain unchanged; Be illustrated under this operating condition, extraction time is that 4h can make most sulfur glycosides be dissolved in the extractant, and the prolongation of extraction time has had no meaning; Therefore, can confirm that the Best Times that the sulfur glycoside extracts is 4h.
3.3 temperature is to the influence of sulfur glycoside extracted amount
In extraction time is 4h, and extractant is 80% methanol, and solid-liquid ratio is under the situation of 10g/100mL, has investigated and has extracted the influence of temperature to sulfur glycoside extracted amount, as shown in Figure 4.Can find out,, extract the low dissolving that is unfavorable for the sulfur glycoside of temperature in extraction time one timing; Along with the increase of temperature, the extracted amount of sulfur glycoside increases gradually, when temperature during more than or equal to 70 ℃; The extracted amount of sulfur glycoside almost remains unchanged, and confirms that thus optimum temperature is 70 ℃.
3.4pH influence to sulfur glycoside extracted amount
In the process of extracting the sulfur glycoside; The change of temperature, extractant etc. all can produce certain influence to the pH of extracting solution; Therefore in order to investigate in sulfur glycoside leaching process, whether the change of pH can exert an influence to the final extracted amount of sulfur glycoside, is 10g/100mL at solid-liquid ratio; Extracting temperature is 70 ℃; Extraction time is under the situation of 4h, is extractant with water, through changing the pH of aqueous solution; Investigated the relation of different pH and sulfur glycoside extracted amount, as shown in Figure 5.Can find out that pH is in the 5.21-9.23 scope, the extracted amount of sulfur glycoside about 27 μ mol/g, does not obviously change all the time, is illustrated in when carrying out the extraction of sulfur glycoside under this condition, and the minor variations of pH can not produce appreciable impact to total extraction result of sulfur glycoside.
3.5 the selection of extraction time
Because the sulfur glycoside is assigned certain coefficient of balance between solvent and raw material, once can not extract the sulfur glycoside to greatest extent so only extract, this just needs multiple extraction, thereby reaches the economic purpose of extracting.Under the same conditions, investigated extraction time and changed influence sulfur glycoside extracted amount, as shown in table 2.Can find out; When extracting for the third time; Glucosinolate content only has 0.94 μ mol/mL in the extracting solution; Show that raw material is through after the extracted twice; Overwhelming majority sulfur glycoside is extracted out; As merge three extracting solution and handle, will certainly increase subsequent treatment cost, therefore extracting solution for the third time uses then relatively rationally as the solvent of next group.
Glucosinolate content in the different number of times 80% methanol extraction Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice of table 2
3.6 orthogonal test
Methanol concentration is selected 60%, 80%, 90% three levels as orthogonal test; The extraction time selection 3,4 of sulfur glycoside, 5h; Extract temperature and select 30 ℃, 50 ℃, 70 ℃; Solid-liquid ratio was respectively 1: 7,1: 10,1: 15.Factor level table and orthogonal design table are like table 3, shown in 4.Analysis can know that the principal element that influences the extraction of sulfur glycoside is a methanol concentration, secondly is to extract temperature, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time, and the pH value influence is very little.Optimum extraction condition is A2B3D2C2, promptly uses 80% methanol, and extracting temperature is 70 ℃, and during reflux, extract, 4h, solid-liquid ratio is 1: 10.
Table 3 factor level table
Table 4L9 (34) orthogonal test table
Claims (2)
1. the process for extracting of sulfur glycoside in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice is characterized in that:
With crossing the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice of 60 mesh sieves, in apparatus,Soxhlet's, carry out ungrease treatment 30min with petroleum ether, after the filtration, cold drying, it is subsequent use to make defatted canola dregs of rice powder after milling, pulverize, sieving;
Get 10g defatted canola dregs of rice powder in beaker; In boiling water bath behind the dry blowing 10min; Add the 100mL extractant; Extractant adopts methanol or dehydrated alcohol; After constant temperature extracts 3h under the magnetic agitation; Sucking filtration; With the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice behind the identical extractant lotion sucking filtration; With Rotary Evaporators gained filtrating and cleaning mixture are concentrated into 50mL, in concentrated solution, add 0.5mol/L lead acetate-zinc acetate solution 2.5mL again, after fully stirring; Centrifugal 20min is with deposition protein wherein under the 2000r/min; And will precipitate lotion with extractant, with the adsorbed sulfur glycoside of desorbing protein, recentrifuge; Get sulfur glycoside crude extract; And add the 2g active carbon and carry out adsorption bleaching, crude extract is concentrated into about 10mL under 50 ℃ with Rotary Evaporators, must light yellow sulfur glycoside crude product.
2. the process for extracting of sulfur glycoside in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: adopt the experiment of single factor method; Confirmed in the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of rice, to carry out the optimum process condition that the sulfur glycoside extracts: extractant adopts 80% methanol; Time 4h; 70 ℃ of thermostat temperatures; Solid-liquid ratio is 1: 10, and extraction time is three times, and extracting solution for the third time uses as the solvent of next batch; Under these process conditions, sulfur glycoside maximum extracted amount is 45.68 μ mol/g; In the leaching process, pH changes in the 5.21-9.23 scope, can not produce obviously influence to sulfur glycoside extracted amount.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN102793063A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-11-28 | 重庆油桐产业研究中心 | Processing method comprehensively utilizing plant oil cake |
| CN105713053A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-06-29 | 北京化工大学 | Extraction and separation method of glucosinolate |
| CN106633102A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-10 | 汪逸凡 | Preparation method of high-stability composite cationic asphalt emulsifier |
| CN109329347A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所 | Processing method and the flour cake containing rape seed powder of a kind of rape seed powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN115152799A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-11 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rapeseed meal biological herbicide for inhibiting weed germination and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116268344A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-23 | 鼎新思远重庆粮油食品工业有限公司 | Process method for producing edible rapeseed powder and automatic extractor |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102793063A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2012-11-28 | 重庆油桐产业研究中心 | Processing method comprehensively utilizing plant oil cake |
| CN105713053A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-06-29 | 北京化工大学 | Extraction and separation method of glucosinolate |
| CN105713053B (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2018-09-21 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of glucosinolate extraction separation method |
| CN106633102A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-10 | 汪逸凡 | Preparation method of high-stability composite cationic asphalt emulsifier |
| CN109329347A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 江西省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究所 | Processing method and the flour cake containing rape seed powder of a kind of rape seed powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN115152799A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-11 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rapeseed meal biological herbicide for inhibiting weed germination and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115152799B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-04-25 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rapeseed meal biological herbicide for inhibiting weed germination and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116268344A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-06-23 | 鼎新思远重庆粮油食品工业有限公司 | Process method for producing edible rapeseed powder and automatic extractor |
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Application publication date: 20120104 |