CN102300276B - Method for realizing automatic switch between time division-synchronization code multiple access (TD-SCDMA) cellular network and wireless local area network in heterogeneous network - Google Patents
Method for realizing automatic switch between time division-synchronization code multiple access (TD-SCDMA) cellular network and wireless local area network in heterogeneous network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for realizing automatic switch between time division-synchronization code multiple access (TD-SCDMA) cellular network and a wireless local area network in a heterogeneous network. In the method, simple hardware update on a wireless terminal, a cellular base station and a wireless access point is made on the basis of an original network; and the automatic switch between the two networks is realized by only redesigning part of frames in the two networks and by certain flow control. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, judging the network coverage situation of an area where a terminal is positioned and judging whether the area wherein the terminal is positioned has an available network through real-time detection of the signal strength of the two networks; secondly, judging the resource utilization situation of respective network and judging whether the network can provide an available channel for the terminal through the real-time detection of the frequency band resource remaining amount of the two networks; and finally, automatically selecting an available network for access according to detection results by the terminal.
Description
Realize in a kind of heterogeneous network of technical field that the method that automaticallyes switch between TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) belongs to the cordless communication network technical field, specifically, relate to the design of frame format under two kinds of different network protocol of Cellular Networks, WLAN (wireless local area network) and Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network).
Background technology
In wireless communication field, Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network) are two kinds of wireless communication network of now main flow, development along with wireless communication technology, the data volume that the user produces in communication process increases sharply, the requirement of ability of data processing is also more and more higher, and in the cordless communication network of reality, facing such subject matter: the area coverage of Cellular Networks is wider, but its data throughput is lower; And its data throughput is very high in WLAN (wireless local area network), but its coverage is limited.Nowadays, although the development of Cellular Networks and wireless local area network technology is relative ripe, because the development of these two kinds of wireless technologys is relatively independent, so that do not realize between them merging well.At present a large amount of uses of multimode, smart mobile phone, have access to larger facilitation to merging honeycomb access and WLAN (wireless local area network) on the hand-held mobile terminal, but most of terminal also is based on the access that a kind of manual mode is switched two kinds of signals, does not have the handed over service of adaptive transparent mode.
In order to overcome this drawback in the cordless communication network, to realizing in the heterogeneous network that the research of merging between the heterogeneous networks seems particularly important, and relevant technology also continues to bring out therewith, realizes that at present the method for switching between the Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network) in the heterogeneous network mainly contains following two kinds:
First method: its main thought is to realize communicating by letter between Cellular Networks and the WLAN by the configuration WLAN (wireless local area network), and by the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) among the definition RFC-2284, come to the authentication information of portable terminal announcement institute access network.At first by wireless routing in the WLAN (wireless local area network) is configured, but so that portable terminal can receive general capacity information from WLAN (wireless local area network) (WLAN) in extensible authentication procedure, these capacity informations mainly comprise the network information that WLAN had before received from Cellular Networks, secondly by portable terminal these capacity informations of decoding, then sign and in its memory these network informations of storage so that portable terminal can select one of a plurality of different networks to be used for communication easily.This method has mainly illustrated how to go cellular network service by WLAN (wireless local area network), only simply realized the fusion between two kinds of networks, and do not solve the problem of freely switching between two kinds of networks, therefore in the application of reality, also have significant limitation.
Second method: in order to realize the switching of Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network), at first between terminal and two kinds of networks, set up respectively link separately, then realize two kinds of switchings between the network by certain converting system, converting system mainly comprises: packet data serving node (PDSN), grouping control agent (PCF), couple in router (AR).Realize that the overall system structure of mutually switching between Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) is as follows: terminal is via the base station, linking to each other forms the Cellular Networks link with base station controller (having agency's control function), terminal is via access point (AP), the access route, the grouping control agent links to each other and forms the WLAN (wireless local area network) link, then Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network) link accessing group data service node in the lump, and packet data serving node is connected with the switching system of internet and other residential quarter again, can make collaborative work between Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) at last, when the terminal use needs Cellular Networks that communication session is provided, packet data serving node links to each other with base station controller, thereby connects the Cellular Networks link.When needing WLAN (wireless local area network) to provide when service packet data serving node will disconnect and being connected of base station controller, set up simultaneously and divide into groups being connected between the control agent, realize switching between Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) with this.Although this kind method has realized freely switching between two kinds of networks, but in network link, add corresponding equipment, not only increased the expense of networking, also increased the complexity of networking, in a single day and in user's use procedure, break down, problem need the personnel of specialty that network is investigated, so that can not in time be solved.
For the existing deficiency of above method, the present invention has proposed to realize the method that automaticallyes switch between the TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network) in the heterogeneous network specially.
Summary of the invention
Typical heterogeneous network distributed model as shown in Figure 1, when the mobile subscriber from the A district to the B district or from the B district during to the A district, the network coverage meeting of user position changes, simultaneously after A district or B district user reach some, because the phenomenon that the deficiency of Internet resources can occur blocking up.For above situation, in order to provide better network service to the user, guarantee user's telecommunication service quality, just need to carry out two kinds of switchings between the network this moment, accesses to select optimum network.Realize in the present invention the automatic switching method between TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network), its main thought: by the suitable improvement to portable terminal, cellular basestation and WAP (wireless access point), the control frame of newly-increased Gains resources request and response and negotiation flow process realize the automatic switchover between Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network).
Link such as Fig. 2 of setting up between terminal equipment and two networks, the description of image the connection procedure between terminal and TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network).In order to guarantee the steady switching of terminal between network, terminal equipment has been proposed certain requirement, the structured flowchart of its terminal such as Fig. 3, mainly be under the control of processor (CPU), subsystem by Cellular Networks subsystem and WLAN (wireless local area network) is processed the signal of each automatic network, and finish conversion between the different system instruction by handover module, to realize the communication between CPU and two sub-systems.Simultaneously the management frames of Gains resources in the WLAN (wireless local area network) and the broadcast frame structure in the Cellular Networks are defined respectively such as Fig. 5-1, Fig. 6-1, the form of frame mainly is comprised of MAC head and frame entity, wherein the MAC head has mainly comprised some control informations, and the frame entity is only the band resource information of the required transmission of user.
Concrete operation fluid layer such as Fig. 4, at first detected the network signal intensity of position by the terminal equipment signal detection module, thereby the signal that definite position has covered which kind of network and which network is more stable, provides preliminary judgement in order to select suitable network insertion for terminal; Next is the operating position by the band resource of control centre's monitoring network of network, and obtained the band resource surplus of network by the monitoring modular of terminal equipment, judge that take this can network provide available channel as portable terminal, thereby determine which network allows the terminal access.Wherein the obtain manner of WLAN (wireless local area network) band resource surplus is to be sent to wlan network administrative center by the monitoring resource part of local area network (LAN) subsystem in the terminal equipment to obtain network resource request, through network management center Internet resources are monitored backward terminal and send response, after decoding to response, terminal obtains the band resource surplus of network, and be directly to broadcast this monitoring information to community user after by the network control center band resource being monitored, and by the monitoring resource module of Cellular Networks subsystem in the terminal equipment broadcast frame is decoded to obtain the band resource surplus of network in the Cellular Networks system.If the band resource of network is sufficient, then send access request by terminal to network, if net frequency band network inadequate resource, terminal can be to the user report access failure.
This programme can be realized the automatic switchover between TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network), three large characteristics are arranged, the one, the negotiations process of the definition of the management frames of WLAN terminal Gains resources and terminal and WAP (wireless access point), the 2nd, the frame of base station broadcast Radio Resource design in the Cellular Networks, the 3rd, the mapping method of band resource surplus.The present invention has not only realized the preferentially access of terminal in the Double coverage district, and in the situation that terminal is moved and the network coverage of terminal region changes, also can realize two kinds of quick automatic switching between the network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the distributed model of TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network).
Fig. 2: the practical communication link between portable terminal and the two kinds of networks.
Fig. 3: the structured flowchart of mobile terminal device is 203 more depicted in greater detail among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4: the switching flow of portable terminal between TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network).
Fig. 5-1: WLAN (wireless local area network) is obtained the management frames structure of band resource.
Fig. 5-2: WLAN (wireless local area network) is obtained explaining of key in the management frames of band resource.
Fig. 6-1: be used for to the structure of the protocol Data Unit (PDU) of terminal broadcast message in the Cellular Networks.
Fig. 6-2: be used for explaining to the key of the protocol Data Unit (PDU) of terminal broadcast message in the Cellular Networks.
Fig. 7: the negotiations process of obtaining band resource in the WLAN (wireless local area network) between portable terminal and the WAP (wireless access point).
Embodiment
For can clearer statement implementation detail of the present invention, at first to introduce the relevant parameter that relates to this programme, and be described in detail as follows:
A
w, A
tRepresent respectively the intensity that network transmits among WLAN and the TD-SCDMA, that is to say the amplitude of signal.
α, β represent respectively the minimum threshold of signal in WLAN and the TD-SCDMA network, it namely is the minimum signal strength that can guarantee the required emission of terminal use's proper communication network, in case can cause the signal to noise ratio of network excessively low less than this numerical value, thereby affect user's communication quality.
C
w, C
tRepresent respectively band resource amount total in WLAN and the TD-SCDMA network.
M
w, M
tRepresent respectively in WLAN and the TD-SCDMA network by the shared band resource amount of terminal use.
R
w, R
tRepresent respectively the required band resource amount in practical communication of each user in WLAN and the TD-SCDMA network.
f
w, f
tThe minimum threshold that represents respectively WLAN and TD-SCDMA network intermediate frequency band resources, namely be the necessary bandwidth degree that can satisfy terminal use's proper communication, only have when the frequency bandwidth in the network during greater than minimum threshold network just have enough bandwidth resources to come to distribute corresponding channel for portable terminal.
Band resource surplus in WLAN and TD-SCDMA network can be expressed as respectively: C
w-M
w, C
t-M
t
For the ease of communicating by letter between terminal and the network, we should represent the band resource surplus with binary form, therefore also need the band resource surplus is quantized and encodes:
1. quantize: suppose that it is d that WLAN and GSM network adopt respectively spacing
w, d
tUniform quantization, d wherein
w, d
tThe minimum quantization unit of expression band resource, the shared band resource of each user is its integral multiple.Can get thus, quantized interval number (quantized level) is respectively: m=(C
w-M
w)/d
w, n=(C
t-M
t)/d
tWherein m, n=0,1,2......
2. encode: adopt natural binary code that m, n are encoded
The required bit of encoding:
Take IEEE 802.11g wireless local area network (WLAN) system as example: the total available band resource of assumed wireless LAN system is as 54Mbps, the band resource that the user has taken in this WLAN (wireless local area network) is 40Mbps, and the taken amount spacing is 0.5Mbps, at this moment, typical IEEE 802.11g WLAN (wireless local area network) band resource mapping relations such as table 1:
Table 1
The present invention mainly is the research of terminal being switched between honeycomb and WLAN (wireless local area network) on the basis of heterogeneous network, model heterogeneous network model such as Fig. 1, wherein the A district represents single net (Cellular Networks) area of coverage, two net (Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network)) areas of coverage of B district expression.Next sets up the link between terminal and Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network), such as Fig. 2, wherein 201 the expression Cellular Networks base station and base station control center, the WAP (wireless access point) of 202 expression WLAN, 201,202 mainly use and reception and wireless signal emission, realize the transfer of data between portable terminal and two networks, simultaneously the information of each automatic network is carried out control and management, the mobile terminal device of 203 expression intelligence.
The structure of terminal equipment 203 such as Fig. 3 now are described in detail as follows: terminal equipment mainly comprises 5 modules in mobile: Cellular Networks subsystem, wireless local net system, switching device (307), processor (308), memory (309).Wherein Cellular Networks subsystem and wireless local net system can be divided into again: antenna part (301,302), signal detection module (303,304), Internet resources monitoring modular (305,306).The major function of each several part: 301,302 sending and receivings of being responsible for respectively portable terminal signal in Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network); 303,304 signal strength signal intensities that are respectively applied to detect Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network); 305, the 306 band resource surpluses of being responsible for respectively obtaining Cellular Networks and WLAN, the simultaneously shared band resource amount of real-time monitoring terminal user self; The 307 main IP that are responsible for solve simultaneously the incompatibility problem of two kinds of procotols, thereby guarantee the steady switching of portable terminal between TD-SCDMA and WLAN to the mapping between the IMSI (international member identification code).And processor called and produced in memory 309 main responsible storage terminals and the networking communication process data and instruction.
The frame structure of WLAN (wireless local area network) and TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks such as Fig. 5-1, Fig. 6-1 now specifically describe as follows:
The frame structure of WLAN (wireless local area network) mainly comprises the MAC head of regular length and the mac frame entity of variable-length, wherein, the MAC head comprises again frame control domain and address field, frame control domain (1 byte) comprises protocol version subdomain (2 bit), frame type subdomain (2 bit) and frame subtype subdomain (4 bit), and address field (8 byte) comprises source address (4 byte) and destination address (4 byte).The mac frame entity is made of unit identity code (1 byte), message length subdomain (1 byte) and information subdomain (variable-length), and the length of information subdomain is determined by the quantification progression of radio band resource mapping.In the present invention specific definition such as Fig. 5-2 of two kinds of frames of involved wireless office net.
The broadcast frame structure of TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks mainly comprises MAC head and the variable-length Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Unit of regular length.The MAC head comprises protocol type (2 bit) and channel type (1 byte).Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Unit has mainly reflected the operating position of the band resource of cellular network, Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Unit comprises that information type identifier (2 bit), message length (1 byte) and information unit (variable-length) consist of, and the length of information unit also quantizes progression by frequency band and determines.The specific definition of the Cellular Networks broadcast frame that relates in the present invention such as Fig. 6-2.
This programme implementation step such as Fig. 4 now are described in detail as follows in conjunction with Fig. 3:
Step 401: preferentially receive wireless lan signal by 302 of terminal, and signal is sent into terminal 304, through the sampling of signal being adjudicated to obtain the signal strength signal intensity A of WLAN (wireless local area network)
w, and signal strength signal intensity is sent to processor 308 processes, then turn to step 403.
Step 403: 304 signal strength signal intensities that detect are directly sent into processor 308 judge signal strength signal intensity A
wWith the size of threshold alpha, work as A
wDirectly turn to step 402 during＜α; Work as A
wTurn to step 405 during＞α.
Step 405: the resource residual amount of consulting to obtain WLAN by the frame between terminal and the WLAN (wireless local area network), detailed process such as Fig. 7: at first obtain network bands resource request frame by 306 control centres to WLAN (wireless local area network) (wireless router) transmission of terminal, come simultaneously the band resource of monitoring wireless local area network (LAN) by wireless router, then come the type of judgment frame according to the control domain of claim frame by wireless router, and according to the address that address field obtains terminal equipment, send band resource to terminal 306 afterwards and obtain response frame.306 according to the information unit in the response frame, obtains the surplus C of the band resource of WLAN (wireless local area network) by decoding
w-M
w, and this direct information processor 308 processed, with rear steering step 407.
Step 407: the return value according to 306, judge band resource surplus C by processor 308
w-M
wWith f
wSize, work as C
w-M
w＞f
wThe time, from memory 309, transfer and send the access request instruction to WLAN (wireless local area network) by terminal handler 308, authentication, the backward portable terminal of authentication through wireless router send and reply permission response, this moment, terminal was set up related with WLAN (wireless local area network), terminal success accessing WLAN, and in the process of portable terminal and wireless LAN communication, simultaneously by the 306 actual band resource amount R that take that detect and send to WLAN (wireless local area network) the user
w, judge C by WLAN (wireless local area network) control centre
w-M
wWith R
wSize, work as C
w-M
w＞R
wThe time, keeping connecting, no person's wireless router sends the related notice of cancellation to terminal, and the failure of terminal accessing WLAN turns to step 402; Work as C
w-M
w＜f
wThe time, directly turn to step 402.
Step 402: receive the signal of Cellular Networks by 301 of terminal, through obtaining the Cellular Networks signal strength signal intensity A of residential quarter, place after 303 pairs of Cellular Networks signal samplings judgements
t, and this numerical value is transferred to processor 308 processes, turn to simultaneously step 404.
Step 404: the signal strength signal intensity A that is judged Cellular Networks by processor 308
tWith the size of minimum threshold β, work as A
tDuring＜β, illustrate that cellular network signals is not enough, access failure (show that residential quarter, portable terminal place does not have suitable network for the user this moment); Work as A
tDuring＞β, turn to step 406.
Step 406: cellular network is broadcasted the network information (band resource that refers in particular to this subzone network utilizes situation) of this residential quarter by the base station to the mobile phone users in the residential quarter, obtains the band resource surplus C of cellular network after 305 pairs of broadcast message decodings by terminal after antenna 301 receives the Cellular Networks signal
t-M
t, and with these information sending processor 308 processing, and turn to step 408.Wherein the detection of the band resource of Cellular Networks is finished by base station and base station controller, at first base station controller is configured to follow the tracks of the statistic that all are mapped to radio bearer BO (buffer area takies) value on a certain transmission channel by RRC (Radio Resource control) to MAC, wherein the BO value can be used for reflecting the situation that takies of wireless transmission channel, that is to say cellular network band resource utilize situation; Secondly in each TTI (Transmission Time Interval), the MAC layer of base station controller all can utilize MAC-Data-REQ primitive to receive a BO value from each RLC (Radio Link control) entity; Utilize primitive CMAC-Measure-REQ to obtain the measurement report of MAC to the MAC entity requests by RRC (Radio Resource control) more at last, and by the base station this report is broadcast to community user, finish monitoring to the Cellular Networks band resource with this.
Step 408: compare C by processor 308
t-M
tWith f
tSize, work as C
t-M
t＜f
tThe time, access failure; Work as C
t-M
t＞f
tThe time, from 309, transfer and send the access request instruction to base station controller by processor 308, send and reply the approval response instruction through base station controller authentication, the backward terminal of authentication, this moment, mobile terminal device and Cellular Networks connected, and namely terminal equipment is in holding state; After this by 305 real-time monitoring terminal users of terminal actual band resource occupancy R in communication process
t, and these data are informed base station controller, judge C by base station controller
t-M
tWith R
tSize, work as C
t-M
t＞R
tThe time, keep being connected between terminal and the Cellular Networks; Work as C
t-M
t＜R
tThe time, the resource of cellular network can't satisfy user's demand, and Cellular Networks control centre cancellation this moment is connected with terminal, the failure of terminal access this moment Cellular Networks.
Claims (3)
1. realize the method that automaticallyes switch between TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) in the heterogeneous network, its method mainly comprises: at first, on the basis of original wireless network, wireless terminal, TD-SCDMA cellular basestation and WAP (wireless access point) are simply upgraded, so that terminal can automatically switch, guarantee that the terminal use can accept the service of two kinds of networks between Cellular Networks and WLAN (wireless local area network); Secondly, by terminal automatic detection signal intensity, with the preliminary network coverage situation of determining the terminal region; At last, by to the redefining of frame format, can make terminal obtain the network resource remaining amount of region, further determine the operating position of region network, thereby when ensureing that the user successfully accesses, can make the more network of high-quality of user selection;
Need not to change original network topology, the firmware that only needs the existing cellular basestation of suitably upgrading and WAP (wireless access point), and in terminal equipment design Cellular Networks subsystem and wireless local net system, be equipped with simultaneously switching device, so that then terminal automatic detection signal intensity and network bands resource under the control of processor realize the automatic switchover of two kinds of networks by switching device;
When terminal is started working, preferentially detected the signal strength signal intensity of WLAN (wireless local area network) by the wireless local net system, when signal strength signal intensity is weak, detected again the signal strength signal intensity of Cellular Networks by the Cellular Networks subsystem, by the judgement to two kinds of network signal intensities, can tentatively determine the distribution situation of the two kinds of networks in terminal region;
Only judge the signal strength signal intensity of network, be not enough to determine the operating position of network, also need obtain the resource residual amount of network, this process adopts negotiations process to realize between terminal and wireless network control center; In wireless local area network (WLAN) system, at first sent the request of Gains resources surplus to its subzone network control centre by the wireless local net system of wireless terminal, then by the control centre of WLAN (wireless local area network) according to the detection case to Internet resources, make response to terminal, and the resource residual amount information exchange of network is crossed response frame send it back terminal, terminal receives after the response information decoding to obtain the resource residual amount of WLAN (wireless local area network); The detection of the band resource in the Cellular Networks system is finished by base station and base station controller, at first base station controller is configured to follow the tracks of the statistic that all are mapped to radio bearer buffer area value of taking on a certain transmission channel by Radio Resource control to MAC, wherein the buffer area value of taking can be used for reflecting the situation that takies of wireless transmission channel, that is to say cellular network band resource utilize situation; Secondly in each Transmission Time Interval, the MAC layer of base station controller all can utilize MAC-Data-REQ primitive to receive the buffer area value of taking from each radio link control entity; Last utilize primitive CMAC-Measure-REQ to obtain the measurement report of MAC to the MAC entity requests by Radio Resource control again, and by the base station this report is broadcast to community user.
2. the method that automaticallyes switch between realization TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) in a kind of heterogeneous network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the frame structure of WLAN (wireless local area network) mainly comprises the MAC head of regular length and the mac frame entity of variable-length, wherein, the MAC head comprises again frame control domain and address field, and the frame control domain of 1 byte is made of the MAC protocol version of 2 bits and the frame type of 2 bits and the frame subtype of 4 bits; Address field comprises the destination address of 4 bytes and the source address of 4 bytes; The mac frame entity then mainly carries the band resource information of WLAN (wireless local area network) by the form of natural binary code, its length is to be decided by the quantification progression of WLAN (wireless local area network) band resource; The broadcast frame structure of Cellular Networks mainly comprises fixing MAC head and the variable-length Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Unit that produces length, the MAC head comprises the protocol type of 2 bits and the channel type of 1 byte, Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Unit has mainly reflected the operating position of the band resource of cellular network, and its length is determined by the quantification progression of Cellular Networks band resource.
3. the method that automaticallyes switch between realization TD-SCDMA Cellular Networks and the WLAN (wireless local area network) in a kind of heterogeneous network according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in two kinds of networks in the design process of frame structure, the resource residual amount information of network all reflects by binary number, method quantizes the band resource of network at first choosing suitable quantization step d, can obtain quantized level according to quantized result, then the binary code that adopts nature is encoded just and can the form that the band resource of network changes into corresponding binary number be represented quantized level, thereby realizes the mapping of the band resource surplus of wireless network.
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2011
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101420786A (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Implementing method and device for multi-mode terminal coexistence |
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| 周建明.无线异构网络的垂直切换.《通信技术》.2011,第44卷(第5期),第97页至第99页. |
| 无线异构网络的垂直切换;周建明;《通信技术》;20110510;第44卷(第5期);第97页至第99页 * |
| 肖宁,王琼.一种TD-SCDMA与WLAN融合体系结构的设计.《重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版)》.2005,第17卷(第6期),第667页至第670页. * |
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| CN102300276A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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