CN102299571A - Device for collecting magnetic field energy of electrical appliance power feeder and power feeder state monitoring system - Google Patents
Device for collecting magnetic field energy of electrical appliance power feeder and power feeder state monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采集供电线电流激发磁场能量的装置,其结构为:在电线电缆中电流激发的磁场区域设置多个具备磁电转换功能的换能器,换能器的磁场作用方向与换能器所在位置处的电线电缆中电流激发的磁场方向平行;换能器沿电线电缆周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆横截面周长的1/4。本发明还公开了基于前述结构的自供电无线传感器,以及基于自供电无线传感器的供电线状态监测系统。本发明的有益技术效果是:可对电器供电线(包括单线,双线,三线电缆)中电流激发的磁场能量进行采集获得电能;利用采集到的能量驱动自供电无线传感器运作,并形成供电线状态监测系统。
The invention discloses a device for collecting the magnetic field energy excited by the electric current of a power supply line. The direction of the magnetic field excited by the current in the wire and cable at the location of the transducer is parallel; the size of the transducer along the circumference of the wire and cable is less than 1/4 of the circumference of the cross section of the wire and cable. The invention also discloses a self-powered wireless sensor based on the aforementioned structure, and a power supply line state monitoring system based on the self-powered wireless sensor. The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is: the magnetic field energy excited by the current in the electrical power supply line (including single-wire, double-wire, and three-wire cables) can be collected to obtain electric energy; the collected energy can be used to drive the self-powered wireless sensor to operate and form a power supply line condition monitoring system.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种磁场能量采集装置,尤其涉及一种采集电器供电线磁场能量的装置及供电线状态监测系统。 The present invention relates to a magnetic field energy collection device, in particular to a device for collecting magnetic field energy from electrical power supply lines and a power supply line state monitoring system.
背景技术 Background technique
电流产生磁场是一种基本的物理现象,输/供电线中流过交流电流时,会同时产生环绕电线的交变磁场。通过电磁感应,可以将交变的磁场转换成电流。也就是说不需直接接入电线,就可以取得电能。根据电磁感应原理,交变磁场产生的感生电动势和导线闭合回路中的磁通量的变化率成正比。对于给定频率的交变磁场,也可以表述为和闭合回路中的磁通量成正比。 The magnetic field generated by current is a basic physical phenomenon. When AC current flows through the transmission/power supply line, an alternating magnetic field surrounding the wire will be generated at the same time. Through electromagnetic induction, an alternating magnetic field can be converted into an electric current. That is to say, electricity can be obtained without directly connecting the wires. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the induced electromotive force generated by the alternating magnetic field is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux in the closed loop of the wire. For an alternating magnetic field of a given frequency, it can also be expressed as being proportional to the magnetic flux in a closed loop.
文献【1】和【2】提出在单根供电线上安装电流变换器,可以采集电磁场能量,为输/供电本身的检测电子系统提供电源。(【1】J. Ahola, T. Ahonen, V. Sarkimaki, A. Kosonen, et al., Design considerations for current transformer based energy harvesting for electronics attached to electric motor,Proc. Of International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, Page(s):901– 905, 2008. 【2】H. Zangl, T. Bretterklieber, G. Brasseur, Energy harvesting for online condition monitoring of high voltage overhead power lines, IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Victoria, Vancouver Island, Canada, 2008.)在这个变换过程中,供电线就是变换器的输入(初级),变换器的次级就是电能的输出。 Literature [1] and [2] propose installing a current converter on a single power supply line, which can collect electromagnetic field energy and provide power for the detection electronic system of the transmission/power supply itself. ([1] J. Ahola, T. Ahonen, V. Sarkimaki, A. Kosonen, et al., Design considerations for current transformer based energy harvesting for electronics attached to electric motor, Proc. Of International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives , Automation and Motion, Page(s):901– 905, 2008. 【2】H. Zangl, T. Bretterklieber, G. Brasseur, Energy harvesting for online condition monitoring of high voltage overhead power lines, IEEE International Techno Measurement Conference Victoria, Vancouver Island, Canada, 2008.) In this conversion process, the power supply line is the input (primary) of the converter, and the secondary of the converter is the output of electrical energy.
为电器(如家用电器,办公电器等等)供电的电线电缆随处可见,普遍情况是一个电器的供电电流不大,一般在100 A 以下。单相供电是常规电器普遍采用的供电方式。在单相供电时,采用的供电电线电缆通常是通过绝缘层包裹着相线和中性线两条导线,或者是还包括有地线的三条导线。前者称为拉链式电线,后者称为三线电缆。在单相供电时,一条拉链式电线或者一条三线电缆中有两条方向完全相反的电流线,这两条电流线在空间位置的距离由导电线的直径和包层厚度确定。因为在一个闭合区域中有两条相反方向的电流,产生的磁场不再具有相同的旋转方向,在一个包含电缆横截面的区域内的磁通量相互抵消或者基本抵消。如图1示。这样如果不改变电线的结构,将双线或者三线电缆直接作为电流变换器的初级采集电线的磁场能量,基本上得不到输出。 Wires and cables for powering electrical appliances (such as household appliances, office appliances, etc.) can be seen everywhere. The general situation is that the power supply current of an electrical appliance is not large, generally below 100 A. Single-phase power supply is the power supply method commonly used by conventional electrical appliances. In the case of single-phase power supply, the power supply wires and cables used are usually wrapped with two conductors of the phase line and the neutral line through an insulating layer, or also include three conductors with a ground wire. The former is called a zip wire, and the latter is called a three-wire cable. In the case of single-phase power supply, there are two current lines in completely opposite directions in a zip wire or a three-wire cable, and the distance between the two current lines in space is determined by the diameter of the conductive wire and the thickness of the cladding. Since there are two currents in opposite directions in a closed area, the resulting magnetic fields no longer have the same direction of rotation, and the magnetic fluxes in an area containing the cable cross-section cancel each other out or substantially cancel each other out. As shown in Figure 1. In this way, if the structure of the electric wire is not changed, the magnetic field energy of the electric wire can be directly collected as the primary stage of the current transformer by using the two-wire or three-wire cable, and basically no output can be obtained.
日本先进工业科学与技术国家研究所的研究者提出在交流供电线的插头处,用电磁感应的方法采集电线的辐射能量为监测电线工作状态(温度、电流)的无线传感器供电(见文献【3】Y. Zhang, J. Lu, H. Hiroshima, et al., Simulation and design of micro inductor for electromagnetic energy scavenging at low AC frequency in wireless sensor network, PowerMEMS 2009, Washington DC, USA, Page(s):253-256, 2009.)。由于插头导体是分开的,电流线的空间距离较在包层中增加若干倍,在插头一个金属叉的小的邻域范围内,可以看成是一条独立电流线形成的磁场,环绕插头叉的磁通量就没有被抵消。但是这种能量采集方式应用受限(只能用在插头处),而且由于插头叉之间的实际距离有限,还是存在电磁感应回路磁通量被抵消的情况,实际采集到的能量远低于理论值。 The researchers of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Japan proposed that at the plug of the AC power supply line, the radiant energy of the line is collected by electromagnetic induction to supply power for the wireless sensor that monitors the working state (temperature, current) of the line (see [3] 】Y. Zhang, J. Lu, H. Hiroshima, et al., Simulation and design of micro inductor for electromagnetic energy scavenging at low AC frequency in wireless sensor network, PowerMEMS 2009, Washington DC, USA, Page(s):253 -256, 2009.). Since the plug conductors are separated, the space distance of the current lines increases several times compared with that in the cladding. In the small neighborhood of a metal fork of the plug, it can be regarded as a magnetic field formed by an independent current line, surrounding the fork of the plug. The magnetic flux is not canceled out. However, the application of this energy harvesting method is limited (it can only be used at the plug), and because the actual distance between the plug forks is limited, there is still a situation where the magnetic flux of the electromagnetic induction loop is offset, and the actual energy collected is far lower than the theoretical value. .
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对背景技术中的问题,本发明提出了一种可采集供电线电流激发的磁场能量的装置,其结构为:在电线电缆外部的磁场区域设置多个具备磁电转换功能的换能器,换能器的磁场作用方向与换能器所在位置处的电线电缆激发磁场的方向平行;换能器沿电线电缆周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆横截面周长的1/4。 Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the present invention proposes a device that can collect the magnetic field energy excited by the current of the power supply line. The direction of the magnetic field action of the transducer is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field excited by the wire and cable at the position of the transducer; the size of the transducer along the perimeter of the wire and cable is less than 1/4 of the perimeter of the cross section of the wire and cable.
换能器的一种具体结构为:换能器由压磁材料层和压电材料层交替层叠组成,压磁材料层和压电材料层形状相同;材料层的交界面与换能器所在位置处的电线电缆激发磁场的方向平行,压磁材料层的磁场作用方向,就是换能器的磁场作用方向,与换能器所在位置处的电线电缆激发磁场的方向平行,且材料层沿电线电缆周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆横截面周长的1/4。 A specific structure of the transducer is as follows: the transducer is composed of piezoelectric material layers and piezoelectric material layers alternately stacked, and the piezoelectric material layers and piezoelectric material layers have the same shape; the interface between the material layers and the position of the transducer The direction of the magnetic field excited by the wires and cables at the position is parallel, and the direction of the magnetic field of the piezoelectric material layer is the direction of the magnetic field of the transducer, which is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field excited by the wires and cables at the position of the transducer, and the material layer is along the direction of the wires and cables. The dimension in the circumferential direction is less than 1/4 of the perimeter of the wire and cable cross section.
换能器的另一种结构为:换能器由呈筒状绕制的线圈组成,筒的中心轴与换能器所在位置处的电线电缆激发磁场的方向平行,且筒沿电线电缆周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆横截面周长的1/4。 Another structure of the transducer is: the transducer is composed of a coil wound in a cylindrical shape, the central axis of the cylinder is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field excited by the wire and cable at the position of the transducer, and the cylinder is along the perimeter of the wire and cable. The size of the direction is less than 1/4 of the circumference of the wire and cable cross section.
线圈所围成的筒的中孔中设置有高磁导率的磁芯。 A magnetic core with high magnetic permeability is arranged in the middle hole of the cylinder surrounded by the coil.
高磁导率磁芯的端面和永磁体的磁极面相连,为磁芯提供磁偏置,以提高、调节磁芯的有效磁导率。 The end face of the high permeability magnetic core is connected to the magnetic pole face of the permanent magnet to provide magnetic bias for the magnetic core to improve and adjust the effective magnetic permeability of the magnetic core.
本发明还提出了一种可利用电线电缆周围磁场能量实现装置自供能的自供电无线传感器,其结构为:它由通信模块、采集供电线磁场能量的装置、微处理器和传感器组成;微处理器分别与通信模块、传感器通信连接;通信模块和传感器通信连接;采集供电线磁场能量的装置为微处理器、通信模块和传感器提供电能。 The present invention also proposes a self-powered wireless sensor that can use the magnetic field energy around the wire and cable to realize the self-power supply of the device. Its structure is: it is composed of a communication module, a device for collecting the magnetic field energy of the power supply line, a microprocessor and a sensor; The device is respectively connected to the communication module and the sensor in communication; the communication module is connected to the sensor in communication; the device for collecting the magnetic field energy of the power supply line provides electric energy for the microprocessor, the communication module and the sensor.
本发明还提出了一种基于前述自供电无线传感器的供电线状态监测系统,其结构为:它由多个自供电无线传感器、无线通信网络和监测中心组成;各个自供电无线传感器通过无线通信网络与监测中心通信连接。 The present invention also proposes a power supply line status monitoring system based on the aforementioned self-powered wireless sensors, which is structured as follows: it is composed of a plurality of self-powered wireless sensors, a wireless communication network and a monitoring center; each self-powered wireless sensor passes through a wireless communication network Communicate with the monitoring center.
本发明的有益技术效果是:可对电器供电线(包括单线,双线,三线电缆)中电流激发的磁场能量进行采集获得电能;利用采集到的能量驱动自供电无线传感器运作,并形成供电线状态监测系统。 The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is: the magnetic field energy excited by the current in the electrical power supply line (including single-wire, double-wire, and three-wire cables) can be collected to obtain electric energy; the collected energy can be used to drive the self-powered wireless sensor to operate and form a power supply line Condition Monitoring System.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1、双线电缆周围磁场分布示意图; Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution around the two-wire cable;
图2、层状结构的换能器结构示意图; Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the transducer structure of the layered structure;
图3、换能器安装位置示意图; Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the installation position of the transducer;
图4、换能器阵列结构示意图; Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of transducer array structure;
图5、自供电无线传感器结构示意图; Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the self-powered wireless sensor structure;
图6、供电线状态监测系统结构示意图。 Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the power supply line status monitoring system.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
现有技术中的用于采集电线磁场能量的采集器,要么需要将采集器设置在插头叉处才能进行采集,由于插头叉处的结构尺寸限制,采集效果很不好,要么需要对常用多线电缆的结构进行改造,导致成本增加。为了克服采集装置受结构尺寸限制的问题,本发明提出了一种采集供电线磁场能量的装置,在电线电缆1外部因电流激发的磁场区域设置多个具备磁电转换功能的换能器2,换能器2的磁场作用方向与换能器2所在位置处的电线电缆1激发磁场的方向平行;换能器2沿电线电缆周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆1横截面周长的1/4。
The collectors used to collect the magnetic field energy of wires in the prior art either need to install the collector at the plug fork to collect. Due to the structural size limitation of the plug fork, the collection effect is very poor, or it is necessary to install the commonly used multi-wire The structure of the cable is modified, resulting in an increase in cost. In order to overcome the problem that the collection device is limited by the structural size, the present invention proposes a device for collecting the magnetic field energy of the power supply line. A plurality of
本发明采用小尺寸的具备磁电转换功能的换能器2,打破了现有的采集装置需要受供电电缆结构限制的瓶颈,让换能器2可以在电线电缆1的外围磁场中的任一位置都发挥作用;其工作过程为:由于换能器2的磁作用方向与该换能器2位置处的电线电缆1激发磁场的方向平行,换能器2在交变磁场作用下将磁场能转化为电能,实现能量的采集。
The present invention adopts a small-
磁场大小与距电线电缆1的距离成反比,换能器2与电线电缆1的距离越近,换能器2的有效输入越大,能量采集的效果也越好,最好是将换能器2紧贴电线电缆1外表面设置。
The magnitude of the magnetic field is inversely proportional to the distance from the wire and
前面的方案中,对换能器2沿电线电缆1横截面上的尺寸进行了限制,这主要是由于换能器2的有效输入来自于作用到换能器2上的电线电缆1中电流激发的磁场的平均磁场强度,电线电缆1电流激发磁场的方向与换能器2的磁场作用方向越接近平行,有效输入越大,由于电线电缆1电流激发的磁场在电缆外各处不是同方向的,换能器2在电线电缆1横截面上的尺寸过大反而会造成作用到换能器2的平均磁场减小,而换能器2沿电线电缆1的轴向尺寸则可以不受限制,反而是越大越好;一种可以采用的方法是:沿电线电缆1轴向,设置多组换能器2,每组换能器2有多个,多个换能器2沿电线电缆1周向设置,这就变相的使换能器2沿电线电缆1轴向的长度得到了增加,提高了总的参与能量转换的平均磁场的有效输入。 In the previous scheme, the size of the transducer 2 along the cross-section of the wire and cable 1 is limited, mainly because the effective input of the transducer 2 comes from the current excitation in the wire and cable 1 acting on the transducer 2 The average magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field excited by the current of the wire and cable 1 is closer to the parallel direction of the magnetic field of the transducer 2, and the greater the effective input is, because the magnetic field excited by the current of the wire and cable 1 is not in the same direction outside the cable , the excessive size of the transducer 2 on the cross section of the wire and cable 1 will cause the average magnetic field acting on the transducer 2 to decrease, while the axial size of the transducer 2 along the wire and cable 1 can be unlimited, On the contrary, the bigger the better; one method that can be adopted is: install multiple sets of transducers 2 along the axial direction of the wire and cable 1, each set of transducers 2 has multiple, and multiple transducers 2 are arranged along the wire and cable 1 circumference In this way, the length of the transducer 2 along the axial direction of the wire and cable 1 is increased in a disguised form, and the effective input of the total average magnetic field involved in energy conversion is improved.
本发明的换能器2可采用两种结构形式:
The
其中一种结构为:换能器2由压磁材料层2-1和压电材料层2-2交替层叠组成,压磁材料层2-1和压电材料层2-2形状相同;压磁材料层2-1的磁化方向就是换能器2的磁作用方向,且材料层沿电线电缆1周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆1横截面周长的1/4。
One of the structures is: the
具体来说,这种层状结构的换能器2可以有如下三种结构形式:1)双层式结构:一片压磁材料层2-2和一片压电材料层2-1连在一起形成整体结构;2)三明治结构:一片压电材料层2-1夹在两片压磁材料层2-2之间,三者形成整体结构;3)多层式结构:多片压磁材料层2-2和多片压电材料层2-1交替层叠粘在一起形成整体。
Specifically, the
换能器2的另一种结构为:换能器2由呈筒状绕制的线圈2-3组成,筒的轴向就是换能器2的磁作用方向,筒的中心轴与换能器2所在位置处的电线电缆1激发磁场的方向平行,且筒沿电线电缆周长方向的尺寸小于电线电缆1横截面周长的1/4。
Another structure of the
还可在线圈2-3所围成的筒的中孔中设置高磁导率的磁芯,使换能器2的输入、输出进一步提高。
A magnetic core with high magnetic permeability can also be arranged in the middle hole of the cylinder surrounded by the coils 2-3, so that the input and output of the
为了增加磁芯的有效磁导率,可以在磁芯的端面(一端或者两端)连接永磁体的磁极,使磁芯处于一定的偏置磁场中。 In order to increase the effective permeability of the magnetic core, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet can be connected to the end face (one end or both ends) of the magnetic core, so that the magnetic core is in a certain bias magnetic field.
在前述的方案基础上,可利用采集电器供电线磁场能量的装置实现传感器、通信装置的自供能,这种自供电的自供电无线传感器结构为:它由通信模块、采集供电线磁场能量的装置、微处理器和传感器组成;微处理器分别与通信模块、传感器通信连接;通信模块和传感器通信连接;采集供电线磁场能量的装置为微处理器、通信模块和传感器提供电能。能量采集器将供电线周围的电磁能转化为电能后输出到微处理器、通信模块和传感器;微处理器控制传感器采集数据并将数据传输到通信模块,传感器在采集供电线磁场能量的装置供电下工作,获取供电线路上的电流、温度或现场气象等状态信息;微处理器控制通信模块,通过无线通信网络向监测中心发送采集到的数据信息。 On the basis of the aforementioned scheme, the device for collecting the magnetic field energy of the electrical power supply line can be used to realize the self-power supply of the sensor and the communication device. The structure of this self-powered self-powered wireless sensor is: it consists of a communication module and a device for collecting the magnetic field energy of the power supply line , a microprocessor and a sensor; the microprocessor communicates with the communication module and the sensor respectively; the communication module communicates with the sensor; the device for collecting the magnetic field energy of the power supply line provides electric energy for the microprocessor, the communication module and the sensor. The energy harvester converts the electromagnetic energy around the power supply line into electrical energy and then outputs it to the microprocessor, communication module and sensor; the microprocessor controls the sensor to collect data and transmits the data to the communication module, and the sensor supplies power to the device that collects the magnetic field energy of the power supply line Work down, obtain status information such as current, temperature or on-site weather on the power supply line; the microprocessor controls the communication module, and sends the collected data information to the monitoring center through the wireless communication network.
在前述的自供电无线传感器基础上,还可以构建出无需外部供能的供电线状态监测系统,它由多个自供电无线传感器、无线通信网络和监测中心组成;各个自供电无线传感器通过无线通信网络与监测中心通信连接。 On the basis of the aforementioned self-powered wireless sensors, a power supply line status monitoring system without external energy supply can also be constructed, which consists of multiple self-powered wireless sensors, a wireless communication network and a monitoring center; each self-powered wireless sensor communicates The network communicates with the monitoring center.
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