CN102299365A - Lithium ion battery preventing overdischarge and battery pack thereof - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery preventing overdischarge and battery pack thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102299365A CN102299365A CN2011101840991A CN201110184099A CN102299365A CN 102299365 A CN102299365 A CN 102299365A CN 2011101840991 A CN2011101840991 A CN 2011101840991A CN 201110184099 A CN201110184099 A CN 201110184099A CN 102299365 A CN102299365 A CN 102299365A
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Abstract
Relating to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, the invention especially relates to a lithium ion single battery preventing overdischarge and a battery pack containing the single battery. The negative electrode active material of the single battery in the invention mainly adopts a first negative active material graphite or lithium titanate, and at least one of hard carbon, soft carbon and silicon-carbon alloy of a second negative active material with high capacity is added, thus substantially enhancing the capacity of the lithium ion single battery at the end of discharge (i.e. the end of a discharge voltage platform and the part below the end). A technical scheme of the invention not only realizes the capacity enhancement of the single battery, and furthermore, avoids overdischarge of a single battery in the battery pack. Thus, capacity of the battery pack can be exerted to the utmost, and operation security of the battery pack is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, especially a kind of battery pack that prevents the lithium ion single battery of overdischarge and contain this cell.
Background technology
Under the energy and environment situation of our times, electric automobile is the green traffic instrument that adapts to the energy-conserving and environment-protective requirement, satisfies family's go off daily needs, has wide market prospects.Because the high-octane demand of electric automobile makes battery to become battery pack to use power source as electric automobile through connection in series-parallel, so the performance of cell and battery pack is for important influence such as the serviceability of vehicle and fail safes.Country's high-tech research development plan (863 Program) just requires the cell in the battery pack must have good consistency: the monomer voltage deviation≤0.02V of battery pack, monomer capacity tolerance≤2%.But because current battery manufacturing, the especially limitation of the manufacturing technology of high power capacity automobile batteries, the automobile batteries product is difficult to reach These parameters at present.This just makes battery be very easy to live through charging and overdischarge in actual applications.Even the consistent performance of battery in manufacture process accesses assurance, battery is when using in groups, tend to because the position difference of its placement, heat dissipation environment, the SOC estimation is inaccurate, and aging conditions and self discharge thereof or the like situation difference can experience voltage in the use unavoidably, capacity, the difference of internal resistance or the like aspect.At this moment, how to guarantee that battery is not overcharged and overdischarge just seems and is even more important.
The positive electrode that lithium ion battery is commonly used, for example LiFePO4 (LiFePO
4), with its excellent security energy, cheap price and good cyclical stability, make it become the preferred material of electric vehicle lithium ion battery.LiFePO over the past two years
4Research reached the degree of suitability for industrialized production fully, reversible capacity reaches more than the 130mAh/g, first charge-discharge efficiency reaches more than 95%, as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in fig. 1, our LiFePO as can be seen
4Has very flat platform, this battery applications device that helps us can be worked under a metastable voltage, but also therefore produce with stylish problem: the discharge curve end of this system battery, few capacity (2%) will cause bigger voltage difference (about 1V).When a plurality of cell discharged in series, because the difference of cell capacity, the cell that capacity is lower just was easy to put.For example, when three cells were connected into battery power discharge, the capacity of each cell had evident difference, can cause whole electric motor car group circulation decay rapidly so on the one hand, also greatly reduced the security performance of electric core simultaneously.
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of lithium ion single battery and battery pack that can prevent overdischarge.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to:, and provide a kind of lithium ion single battery that can prevent overdischarge at the deficiencies in the prior art.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion single battery that prevents overdischarge, comprise positive pole and positive active material, negative pole and negative electrode active material, electrolyte and barrier film, the positive electrode active materials of described cell to the discharge voltage plateau of lithium greater than 3.0V, described negative electrode active material comprises first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material, described first negative electrode active material is graphite or lithium carbonate, described second negative electrode active material is a hard carbon, at least a in soft carbon and the silicon-carbon alloy, this three has high capacity, can improve the capacity of lithium ion single battery in discharge latter stage (being that discharge voltage plateau is terminal reaches with the lower part) greatly.The mass ratio of described first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is (99~80): be lower than 99: 1, can't play the effect of protection battery over-discharge.Because the efficient first that second negative active core-shell material that patent is protected discharges and recharges at present all is lower than the efficient first of business-like first negative pole; so it is when the mass ratio of first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is higher than 80: 20, big to the total capacity loss of battery.
Prevent a kind of improvement of the lithium ion single battery that overcharges as the present invention, the mass ratio of described first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is (97.5~85): (2.5~15).
Prevent a kind of improvement of the lithium ion single battery that overcharges as the present invention, the mass ratio of described first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is 90: 10.
Prevent a kind of improvement of the lithium ion single battery that overcharges as the present invention, described first negative electrode active material is the mixture that native graphite and Delanium mix with arbitrary proportion.
Prevent a kind of improvement of the lithium ion single battery that overcharges as the present invention, described positive active material is LiFePO4 (LiFePO
4).
Prevent a kind of improvement of the lithium ion single battery that overcharges as the present invention, described first negative electrode active material is native graphite or Delanium.
Prevent a kind of improvement of the lithium ion single battery that overcharges as the present invention, described first negative electrode active material is a lithium titanate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery group that prevents overdischarge, comprises a plurality of cells, and described cell is the described cell of above-mentioned paragraph.
Compared with prior art, the negative active core-shell material of cell of the present invention is based on first negative electrode active material graphite or the lithium titanate, added and had at least a in the second negative active core-shell material hard carbon of high power capacity, soft carbon, the silicon-carbon alloy, can improve the capacity of lithium ion single battery greatly in discharge latter stage (be discharge voltage plateau terminal and with the lower part).Technical scheme of the present invention has not only realized the lifting of cell capacity, has more avoided the overdischarge of certain cell in the battery pack, and the capacity of maximized performance battery pack guarantees the fail safe of battery pack work.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the charge and discharge cycles curve chart of prior art LiFePO4 (LiFePO4) cell (just very LiFePO4, negative pole is a graphite);
Fig. 2 is the discharge capacity curve chart of the full battery of first negative electrode active material graphite composition among LiFePO4 of the present invention and the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the button cell charging capacity curve chart of the embodiment of the invention 1, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2;
Fig. 4 is the button cell charging capacity curve chart of the embodiment of the invention 2, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 3;
Fig. 5 is the button cell charging capacity curve chart of the embodiment of the invention 3, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 3;
Fig. 6 is the button cell charging capacity curve chart of the embodiment of the invention 4, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 3;
Fig. 7 is the button cell charging capacity curve chart of the embodiment of the invention 5, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
By the state of the art as can be known, the voltage of battery is by the decision of the difference of positive electrode voltage and negative material voltage, for lithium ion battery, usually introduce reference electrode and determine positive electrode voltage and negative material voltage in the battery system, promptly positive electrode to lithium magnitude of voltage and negative material to the lithium magnitude of voltage.
Fig. 2 is the discharge capacity curve chart of the full battery that the first negative electrode active material graphite is formed among LiFePO4 and the present invention.As we know from the figure, LiFePO 4 of anode material the lithium magnitude of voltage is not almost had obvious variation in discharge process, the first negative electrode active material graphite there is obvious variation in the lithium magnitude of voltage in discharge process, voltage platform district and non-platform area have been formed, therefore, this has caused the discharge curve of the full battery of LiFePO4 and graphite composition to have tangible voltage platform district and non-platform area.The present inventor obtains this conclusion from realize: change the cathode voltage curve, the latter end curve that especially discharges promptly can reach the purpose that changes full battery discharge curve.Rapid curve downslide phenomenon has appearred in the discharge voltage plateau end of the full battery of LiFePO4 (is negative pole with graphite), few capacity (2%) will cause bigger voltage difference (about 1V), and the problem of cell overdischarge very easily takes place in discharge process the battery pack that causes the full battery of LiFePO4 to be formed.
Experiment with the inventor is that example elaborates the process that the problems referred to above produce in conjunction with Fig. 2 below.For example, the lower voltage limit of the full battery discharge of LiFePO4 is set at 2.5V, and anodal LiFePO4 is about 3.29V to the current potential of lithium reference electrode, and negative pole graphite is about 0.77V to the current potential of lithium reference electrode.In the battery power discharge process, in case certain monomer battery voltage arrives 2.5V in the battery pack, and discharge process is when still continuing, and the situation of overdischarge will take place this cell.For example, this monomer battery voltage drops to 1.43V.At this moment, anodal LiFePO4 is about 3.23V to the current potential of lithium reference electrode, and negative pole graphite is about 1.80V to the current potential of lithium reference electrode.As seen, the voltage drop of at this moment full battery is nearly all caused by the rising of negative pole current potential.Therefore, if the capacity that can change at negative pole between 0.77V~1.80V just can make full battery emit more capacity below 2.5V, slow down the trend of the discharge voltage plateau terminal curve downslide of the full battery of LiFePO4, avoid cell is caused degree of depth overdischarge.
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of anode pole piece:
Just very diameter is the circular metal lithium sheet of 20mm.
The preparation of cathode pole piece:
Mix as negative electrode active material with the first negative electrode active material Delanium, the soft carbon of second negative electrode active material, wherein the mass ratio of first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is 85: 15;
With carbon dust (Super-P) as conductive agent;
With butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR) and carboxylic hydroxy cellulose sodium (CMC) as additive;
The mass ratio of above-mentioned negative electrode active material, conductive agent, additive is 94.5: 1.5: 4;
Above-mentioned powder is dropped into the cathode size that mixing and stirring obtains having flowability in the deionized water, cathode size is coated on the Copper Foil, the drying compacting strikes out the circular film that diameter is 14mm at last.
The preparation of electrolyte:
Mixture with ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is a solvent, and wherein the volume ratio of each carbonic ester is EC: PC: DEC=1: 1: 1; With lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6) is lithium salts, and concentration is 1mol/L.
The preparation of lithium ion battery: assembling buckle type lithium-ion battery (model: CR2430).Anode pole piece, cathode pole piece and barrier film (F20BMU of Tonen, thickness are 20um) that method for preparing is obtained stack, and add an amount of electrolyte, seal, and make lithium ion battery after leaving standstill.
Embodiment 2
Except being that native graphite, second negative electrode active material are silicon-carbon alloy with first negative electrode active material, wherein the mass ratio of first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is beyond 97.5: 2.5, and other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Except first negative electrode active material is native graphite and Delanium (the two mass ratio is 1: 1), second negative electrode active material is a silicon-carbon alloy, the mass ratio of first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is beyond 95: 5, and other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Except first negative electrode active material is a Delanium, second negative electrode active material is hard carbon and silicon carbon alloy (the two mass ratio is 2: 98), the mass ratio of first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is beyond 90: 10, and other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of embodiment 1.
Except first negative electrode active material is a Delanium, second negative electrode active material is the mixture (mass ratio is 3: 97) of soft carbon and silicon-carbon alloy, the mass ratio of first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is beyond 80: 20, and other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples 1
Except being the negative electrode active material with the Delanium, other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples 2
Except with soft carbon as the negative electrode active material, other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples 3
Except with silicon-carbon alloy as the negative electrode active material, other preparation process are identical with the preparation process of Comparative Examples 1.
The battery performance test result:
Embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 gained battery are carried out the charge/discharge capacity test respectively, and test condition is: normal temperature and pressure, charging and discharging currents is respectively 0.1C, 0.1C.The volume test result is as shown in table 1.
The volume test result of table 1. embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 gained button cell
Please refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the button cell charging capacity curve chart of the embodiment of the invention 1, Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2.As can be known, the negative electrode active material of embodiment 1 is made up of Delanium and soft carbon from this figure, compares with Comparative Examples 1, and between 0.77V~1.8V, the Delanium that is added with soft carbon can obtain more capacity than simple Delanium.For full battery, the full battery of LiFePO4 system for example slows down the trend that the discharge voltage plateau terminal curve of the full battery of LiFePO4 glides, and reaches the technique effect of avoiding cell is caused degree of depth overdischarge.
Please refer to Fig. 4 to Fig. 7, from Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 as can be known, in Delanium, add silicon-carbon alloy lifting that equally also can realize battery capacity and the technique effect of avoiding the monomer overdischarge.
According to the state of the art, those skilled in the art should learn, in the anti-overcharge lithium-ion battery monomer of the present invention, described first negative electrode active material can also comprise that lithium titanate (LTO) waits other to have and is similar to the negative electrode active material of graphite to the charging and discharging curve of lithium except that graphite.
Need to prove, the announcement of book and elaboration according to the above description, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change and revise above-mentioned execution mode.Therefore, the embodiment that discloses and describe above the present invention is not limited to also should be in the protection range of claim of the present invention to equivalent modifications more of the present invention and change.In addition, although used some specific terms in this specification, these terms do not constitute any restriction to the present invention just for convenience of description.
Claims (8)
1. lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge, comprise positive pole and positive active material, negative pole and negative electrode active material, electrolyte and barrier film, it is characterized in that: the positive electrode active materials of described cell to the discharge voltage plateau of lithium greater than 3.0V, described negative electrode active material comprises first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material, described first negative electrode active material is graphite or lithium titanate, described second negative electrode active material is a hard carbon, at least a in soft carbon or the silicon-carbon alloy, the mass ratio of described first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is (99~80): (1~20).
2. the lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is (97.5~85): (2.5~15).
3. the lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mass ratio of described first negative electrode active material and second negative electrode active material is 90: 10.
4. the lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described positive active material is LiFePO4 (LiFePO4).
5. the lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first negative electrode active material is the mixture that native graphite and Delanium mix with arbitrary proportion.
6. the lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first negative electrode active material is native graphite or Delanium.
7. the lithium ion battery that prevents overdischarge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first negative electrode active material is a lithium titanate.
8. a lithium ion battery group that prevents overdischarge comprises a plurality of batteries, it is characterized in that: described cell is each described cell of claim 1 to 7.
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CN103682418A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-26 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery with excellent comprehensive performance and preparation method thereof |
CN105206868A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-30 | 东莞市致格电池科技有限公司 | Lithium ion secondary battery for starting of internal combustion engine |
CN105810899A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-07-27 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Lithium ion battery |
CN108232156A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-06-29 | 清陶(昆山)能源发展有限公司 | A kind of silicon-carbon composite cathode of solid state battery and preparation method thereof |
CN111081975A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-28 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Battery pole piece, preparation method thereof and battery containing pole piece |
CN112055902A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2020-12-08 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery |
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