CN102296259B - Aluminum plating liquid, hot dip aluminum plating method and metal device manufactured thereby - Google Patents

Aluminum plating liquid, hot dip aluminum plating method and metal device manufactured thereby Download PDF

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CN102296259B
CN102296259B CN 201010207388 CN201010207388A CN102296259B CN 102296259 B CN102296259 B CN 102296259B CN 201010207388 CN201010207388 CN 201010207388 CN 201010207388 A CN201010207388 A CN 201010207388A CN 102296259 B CN102296259 B CN 102296259B
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plating
aluminum plating
massfraction
liquid
hot
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CN102296259A (en
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周明杰
李里
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses aluminum plating liquid, a hot dip aluminum plating method and a metal device manufactured thereby. The aluminum plating liquid comprises 92 to 98 mass percent of aluminum and 2 to 8 mass percent of RE, wherein the RE is a mixture of 10 to 30 mass percent of yttrium (Y) and 70 to 90 mass percent of cerium (Ce). In the hot dip aluminum plating method, a workpiece is subjected to hot dip aluminum plating treatment by the aluminum plating liquid. Rare-earth elements are added into the aluminum plating liquid, so the aluminum plating liquid is purified, crystal grains are refined, and wettability between the aluminum plating liquid and the workpiece and flowability of the aluminum plating liquid are improved. The aluminum plating liquid is applied to the hot dip aluminum plating process, so that adhesivity between the plated workpiece and a plating layer is improved and corrosion resistance of the workpiece is enhanced.

Description

The metal device of aluminum plating liquid, hot-dipping aluminium-plating method and preparation thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thermo-chemical treatment technical field of metallic surface, relate in particular to the hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of a kind of aluminum plating liquid, the described aluminum plating liquid of use, and the metal device of the method preparation.
Background technology
When the device of metallic substance used in the severe environment such as ocean, owing to be subject to simultaneously the impact of the multiple corrosive naturees such as sunshine, wave erosion, salt fog, the etching problem of device was quite serious, has caused serious financial loss.For a long time, people are seeking the whole bag of tricks to reduce the harm due to the corrosion always, generally adopt modes such as spraying paint, apply protective coating at device surface to protect.
For example, present hot-dipping aluminium-plating method commonly used, it applies one deck aluminum or aluminum alloy coating to delay the corrosion of metal device on the metal device surface, generally comprise to workpiece carry out oil removing, cleaning, rust cleaning, cleaning, hot dip aluminum plating, post-treating and other steps.But, after the existing aluminum plating liquid of employing is processed device in the hot dip aluminum plating step, in most of the cases, the coating adhesion that device surface forms is poor, more easily come off from device surface, thereby cause the corrosion of device, people have to device is carried out a large amount of maintenances and patch work.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the poor defective of coating adhesion that forms at device surface after the aluminum plating liquid hot dip process in the prior art, a kind of aluminum plating liquid for hot dipping aluminium plating technology is provided, the coating adhesion that forms through the metal device surface that this aluminum plating liquid was processed is strong, difficult drop-off has preferably corrosion resistance.
Another technical problem that the present invention will solve is, a kind of hot-dipping aluminium-plating method also is provided, and the method adopts above-mentioned aluminum plating liquid that metal device is carried out surface treatment.
Another technical problem that the present invention will solve is, a kind of metal device of being processed by above-mentioned hot-dipping aluminium-plating method also is provided, and it has stronger corrosion resistance nature.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, according to the present invention, a kind of aluminum plating liquid is provided, be used for hot-dipping aluminium-plating method, comprise the aluminium of massfraction 92~98% and the RE of massfraction 2~8%, described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 10~30% and massfraction 70~90%, wherein, preferably, described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 30% and massfraction 70%.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, according to the present invention, a kind of hot aluminizing method is provided, comprise to workpiece carry out oil removing, cleaning, rust cleaning, clean, help plating, hot dip aluminum plating, post-processing step, described hot dip aluminum plating step is: described workpiece is immersed in the above-mentioned aluminum plating liquid, carry out hot dip aluminum plating in 650~750 ℃ and process 2~8min.
Hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention, described hot dip aluminum plating step also comprises the melting step of described aluminum plating liquid, the melting step of described aluminum plating liquid comprises:
The Y of massfraction 30% and the Ce of massfraction 70% are mixed, under 850~950 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy;
The described RE alloy of massfraction 2~8% and the aluminium of massfraction 92~98% are mixed, under 650~750 ℃, be smelted into described aluminum plating liquid.
Hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention, in the described hot dip aluminum plating step, described aluminum plating liquid surface also is coated with surface dopant, and described surface dopant comprises that massfraction is respectively 40~60% KCl, 30~50% NaCl and 10~20% NaF.
Hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention, the described plating step that helps is: place plating assistant agent to help plating 2~8min in 85~95 ℃ described workpiece; Described plating assistant agent is mass concentration more than or equal to 5% potassium fluozirconate solution.
Hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention, described post-processing step is: described workpiece is placed the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, sonic oscillation 5~20min; Described inactivating treatment liquid is the mixing solutions that nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water mix according to 1: 1: 10~20 volume ratio.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, according to the present invention, the metal device that also provides a kind of above-mentioned hot-dipping aluminium-plating method immersion plating to obtain.
Aluminum plating liquid of the present invention, with aluminium as main component, and added rare earth element, purified aluminum plating liquid, refinement crystal grain, improve wettability between aluminum plating liquid and the workpiece to be plated and the flowability of aluminum plating liquid, and then improved the adhesivity between the coating that workpiece and workpiece surface form, strengthened the corrosion resistance nature of workpiece.
Aluminum plating liquid of the present invention owing to added rare earth element, has also alleviated the oxidation of aluminium in the aluminum plating liquid effectively.
Hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention adopts above-mentioned aluminum plating liquid that workpiece is carried out the surface processing of aluminizing, and has the characteristics such as technique is simple, equipment requirements is low, easy handling, is suitable for the suitability for industrialized production that surface of workpiece applies aluminum coating.
Metal device of the present invention adopts above-mentioned hot-dipping aluminium-plating method to process to form one deck aluminium coat, and its surfacing, continuously has preferably corrosion resistance nature, has prolonged the work-ing life of workpiece in the strong corrosive environments such as ocean environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schema of hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the schema of hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention, and as shown in Figure 1, hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention comprises oil removing, eliminates rust, helps plating, hot dip aluminum plating and passivation step, and detailed process is as follows:
One, pre-treatment
(1) oil removing (degreasing)
The degreasing fluid prescription is as follows:
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 20~50g/L
Yellow soda ash (Na 2CO 3) 30~50g/L
Sodium phosphate (Na 3PO 4) 20~40g/L
Water glass (Na 2SiO 3) 3~6g/L
Water surplus
According to the greasy dirt situation of surface of workpiece, use the degreasing fluid of above-mentioned prescription under 60~90 ℃ of conditions of temperature, workpiece to be processed 5~15min.
(2) clean
After the oil removal treatment, clean with the high-temperature water of normal-temperature water or 60~90 ℃, to remove the degreasing fluid of workpiece surface.
(3) rust cleaning
Rust removal liquid formula (massfraction) is as follows:
Hydrochloric acid 3~15%
Urotropine 0.2~1.0%
Water surplus
Wherein, urotropine prevents that as inhibiter hydrochloric acid to processed metal excessive corrosion, making the workpiece surface blackening.
The rust removing solution that the workpiece that previous step is cleaned up is put into above-mentioned prescription carries out processing of rust removing, and the treatment time is 5~15min.
(4) clean
After processing of rust removing finished, cleaning workpiece was to remove its surperficial acid solution immediately.
(5) help plating
Plating assistant agent functional quality concentration is more than or equal to 5% K 2ZrF 6Solution, helping the plating treatment temp is 85~95 ℃, the time is 2~8min.
Helping plating is one vital operation in hot dipping method (flux method) aluminum plating process; whether the selection of plating assistant agent suitably is directly connected to the quality of protective coating quality; generally should possess following characteristics: plating assistant agent can form complete and imporous protective membrane on the workpiece substrate surface; both in the time of hot dip aluminum plating, can remove from matrix surface immediately; and absorption dissolved oxygen compound, can not pollute aluminum plating liquid again.
Two, hot dip aluminum plating
Aluminum plating liquid of the present invention comprises the aluminium of massfraction 92~98% and the RE of massfraction 2~8%, and described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 10~30% and massfraction 70~90%.Aluminum plating liquid is selected commercial-purity aluminium with aluminium, and adds the lucium melting and form, and the melting step of aluminum plating liquid comprises:
The Y of massfraction 30% and the Ce of massfraction 70% are mixed, under 850~950 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy;
The described RE alloy of massfraction 2~8% and the aluminium of massfraction 92~98% are mixed, under 650~750 ℃, be smelted into described aluminum plating liquid.
In addition, in order to prevent the aluminum oxidation of aluminum plating liquid in the hot dip aluminum plating process, also be added with surface dopant on the aluminum plating liquid surface, the add-on of surface dopant is advisable to cover the aluminum plating liquid surface fully.The prescription of surface dopant (massfraction) is as follows:
KCl 40~60%
NaCl 30~50%
NaF 10~20%
Hot dip aluminum plating temperature be 650~750 ℃, its time is 2~8min.If hot dip aluminum plating temperature excessively low, then can affect the aluminium atom and by the phase mutual diffusion of plating device element, the coating fragility of formation is large, directly affected the use properties of plating piece, but also can cause the mobile variation of aluminum plating liquid, thereby it is more to be hung aluminium by the plating device, rough, visual appearance is not good; If hot dip aluminum plating temperature too high, although the flowability of aluminum plating liquid makes moderate progress, aluminum plating liquid volatilization is more.
Three, aftertreatment
Aftertreatment, namely the purpose of Passivation Treatment is to form fine and close protective membrane on the surface of workpiece to be plated, to slow down the corrosion of plating piece.
Passivation Treatment liquid formula (volume ratio) is as follows:
Nitric acid 1
Phosphatase 11
Distilled water 10~20
After the work-piece cools after the hot dip aluminum plating, be placed in the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, the 5~15min that then vibrates in the ultra-sonic oscillation machine makes the plating piece surface form continuous, fine and close passive film, cleans with clear water at last.
The aluminum plating liquid that hot-dipping aluminium-plating method of the present invention adopts, by adding rare earth element y, Ce in aluminum plating liquid, improved the flowability of aluminium liquid, purify aluminium liquid and crystal grain thinning, reduced the degree of oxidation of aluminum plating liquid, thereby strengthened the adhesivity between protective coating and the workpiece, improved the corrosion resistance nature of workpiece.
Embodiment 11Cr13 steel hot dip aluminum plating
Degreasing fluid: 35g/L sodium hydroxide, 40g/L yellow soda ash, 40g/L sodium phosphate, 5g/L water glass, surplus are water; Rust removing solution: 15% hydrochloric acid, 1% urotropine, surplus are water; Plating assistant agent: 5% K 2ZrF 6Solution; Aluminum plating liquid 98%Al-2%RE (30%Y, 70%Ce): massfraction is respectively 30%, 70% Y, Ce mixes, under 900 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy, then massfraction be respectively 2%, 98% above-mentioned RE alloy, aluminium mixing, under 650 ℃, be smelted into aluminum plating liquid; Surface dopant: 40%KCl, 45%NaCl, and 15%NaF; Inactivating treatment liquid: the volume ratio of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water is 1: 1: 20.
Workpiece is selected the 1Cr13 steel plate, utilize degreasing fluid under 80 ℃ to the workpiece oil removing, visual inspection remove clean after with the degreasing fluid on normal-temperature water cleaning workpiece surface, then with the rust removing solution 10min that eliminates rust, again clean up, then utilize plating assistant agent to help plating 4min at 90 ℃.
After helping plating to finish, place aluminum plating liquid at 700 ℃ of immersion plating 4min workpiece.
After the work-piece cools after the immersion plating, be placed in the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, then place the ultra-sonic oscillation machine 10min that vibrates, then with clear water workpiece surface is cleaned up.
1Cr13 steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating, coating surface is smooth and continuous, and is good with the matrix conjugation.
Corrosion resistance nature test after the embodiment 21Cr13 steel hot dip aluminum plating
Carry out 800 ℃ of epoxidation experiments with the 1Cr13 steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating that obtains among the embodiment 1.
Experimental basis smelting mark YB48264 carries out, and the 1Cr13 steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating, the oxide film of its coating in the time of 800 ℃ are fine and close α-Al 2O 3, oxidation depth index R<<0.1mm/a, possess complete antioxidant anticorrosive performance at 800 ℃.Compare with the 1Cr13 steel plate of not immersion plating, the 1Cr13 steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating has preferably high temperature oxidation corrosion resistance performance.
Embodiment 320CrMnTi steel hot dip aluminum plating
Degreasing fluid: 30g/L sodium hydroxide, 30g/L yellow soda ash, 30g/L sodium phosphate, 4g/L water glass, surplus are water; Rust removing solution: 15% hydrochloric acid, 0.5% urotropine, surplus are water; Plating assistant agent: 5% K 2ZrF 6Solution; Aluminum plating liquid 98%Al-2%RE (20%Y, 80%Ce): massfraction is respectively 20%, 80% Y, Ce mixes, under 850 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy, then massfraction be respectively 2%, 98% above-mentioned RE alloy, aluminium mixing, under 700 ℃, be smelted into aluminum plating liquid; Surface dopant: 50%KCl, 40%NaCl, and 10%NaF; Inactivating treatment liquid: the volume ratio of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water is 1: 1: 20.
Workpiece is selected the 20CrMnTi steel plate, utilize degreasing fluid under 90 ℃ to the workpiece oil removing, visual inspection remove clean after with the degreasing fluid on 80 ℃ of water cleaning workpiece surfaces, follow with the rust removing solution 10min that eliminates rust, again clean up, then utilize plating assistant agent to help plating 3min at 90 ℃.
After helping plating to finish, place aluminum plating liquid at 750 ℃ of immersion plating 2min device.
After the work-piece cools after the immersion plating, be placed in the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, then place the ultra-sonic oscillation machine 10min that vibrates, then with clear water workpiece surface is cleaned up.
20CrMnTi steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating, coating surface is smooth and continuous, and is good with the matrix conjugation.
Embodiment 420CrMnTi steel hot dip aluminum plating
Degreasing fluid: 35g/L sodium hydroxide, 40g/L yellow soda ash, 30g/L sodium phosphate, 3g/L water glass, surplus are water; Rust removing solution: 15% hydrochloric acid, 1% urotropine, surplus are water; Plating assistant agent: 5% K 2ZrF 6Solution; Aluminum plating liquid 96%Al-4%RE (20%Y, 80%Ce): massfraction is respectively 20%, 80% Y, Ce mixes, under 950 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy, then massfraction be respectively 4%, 96% above-mentioned RE alloy, aluminium mixing, under 750 ℃, be smelted into aluminum plating liquid; Surface dopant: 50%KCl, 40%NaCl, and 10%NaF; Inactivating treatment liquid: the volume ratio of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water is 1: 1: 20.
Workpiece is selected the 20CrMnTi steel plate, utilize degreasing fluid under 60 ℃ to the workpiece oil removing, visual inspection remove clean after with the degreasing fluid on 60 ℃ of water cleaning workpiece surfaces, follow with the rust removing solution 10min that eliminates rust, again clean up, then utilize plating assistant agent to help plating 5min at 90 ℃.
After helping plating to finish, place aluminum plating liquid at 700 ℃ of immersion plating 4min workpiece.
After the work-piece cools after the immersion plating, be placed in the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, then place the ultra-sonic oscillation machine 10min that vibrates, then with clear water workpiece surface is cleaned up.
20CrMnTi steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating, coating surface is smooth and continuous, and is good with the matrix conjugation.
Embodiment 51Cr13 steel hot dip aluminum plating
Degreasing fluid: 35g/L sodium hydroxide, 40g/L yellow soda ash, 40g/L sodium phosphate, 5g/L water glass, surplus are water; Rust removing solution: 15% hydrochloric acid, 1% urotropine, surplus are water; Plating assistant agent: 8% K 2ZrF 6Solution; Aluminum plating liquid 92%Al-8%RE (10%Y, 90%Ce): massfraction is respectively 10%, 90% Y, Ce mixes, under 900 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy, then massfraction be respectively 8%, 92% above-mentioned RE alloy, aluminium mixing, under 650 ℃, be smelted into aluminum plating liquid; Surface dopant: 60%KCl, 30%NaCl, and 10%NaF; Inactivating treatment liquid: the volume ratio of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water is 1: 1: 10.
Workpiece is selected the 1Cr13 steel plate, utilize degreasing fluid under 80 ℃ to the workpiece oil removing, visual inspection remove clean after with the degreasing fluid on normal-temperature water cleaning workpiece surface, then with the rust removing solution 10min that eliminates rust, again clean up, then utilize plating assistant agent to help plating 2min at 95 ℃.
After helping plating to finish, place aluminum plating liquid at 650 ℃ of immersion plating 8min workpiece.
After the work-piece cools after the immersion plating, be placed in the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, then place the ultra-sonic oscillation machine 15min that vibrates, then with clear water workpiece surface is cleaned up.
1Cr13 steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating, coating surface is smooth and continuous, and is good with the matrix conjugation.
Embodiment 620CrMnTi steel hot dip aluminum plating
Degreasing fluid: 30g/L sodium hydroxide, 30g/L yellow soda ash, 30g/L sodium phosphate, 4g/L water glass, surplus are water; Rust removing solution: 15% hydrochloric acid, 0.5% urotropine, surplus are water; Plating assistant agent: 10% K 2ZrF 6Solution; Aluminum plating liquid 96%Al-42%RE (30%Y, 70%Ce): massfraction is respectively 30%, 70% Y, Ce mixes, under 950 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy, then massfraction be respectively 6%, 94% above-mentioned RE alloy, aluminium mixing, under 700 ℃, be smelted into aluminum plating liquid; Surface dopant: 40%KCl, 40%NaCl, and 20%NaF; Inactivating treatment liquid: the volume ratio of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water is 1: 1: 15.
Workpiece is selected the 20CrMnTi steel plate, utilize degreasing fluid under 90 ℃ to the workpiece oil removing, visual inspection remove clean after with the degreasing fluid on 80 ℃ of water cleaning workpiece surfaces, follow with the rust removing solution 10min that eliminates rust, again clean up, then utilize plating assistant agent to help plating 2min at 85 ℃.
After helping plating to finish, place aluminum plating liquid at 720 ℃ of immersion plating 4min device.
After the work-piece cools after the immersion plating, be placed in the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, then place the ultra-sonic oscillation machine 5min that vibrates, then with clear water workpiece surface is cleaned up.
20CrMnTi steel plate after the hot dip aluminum plating, coating surface is smooth and continuous, and is good with the matrix conjugation.
Embodiment 7 light fixture hot dip aluminum platings
A kind of light fixture, its shell is made of metal, and the treatment solution among the employing embodiment 1 and processing parameter carry out the hot dip aluminum plating processing to the shell of light fixture.
Light fixture after the hot dip aluminum plating, the coating surface that forms on its shell is smooth and continuous, and is good with the conjugation of shell.
The above only is representative embodiment of the present invention, does not limit the present invention in any way, and all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces or improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. an aluminum plating liquid is characterized in that, comprises the aluminium of massfraction 92 ~ 98% and the RE of massfraction 2 ~ 8%, and described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 10 ~ 30% and massfraction 70 ~ 90%.
2. aluminum plating liquid according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 30% and massfraction 70%.
3. hot-dipping aluminium-plating method, comprise to workpiece carry out oil removing, cleaning, rust cleaning, clean, help plating, hot dip aluminum plating, post-processing step, it is characterized in that, described hot dip aluminum plating step is: described workpiece is immersed in the aluminum plating liquid, carry out hot dip aluminum plating in 650 ~ 750 ℃ and process 2 ~ 8min, wherein, described aluminum plating liquid comprises the aluminium of massfraction 92 ~ 98% and the RE of massfraction 2 ~ 8%, and described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 10 ~ 30% and massfraction 70 ~ 90%.
4. hot-dipping aluminium-plating method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described RE is the mixture of the Ce of the Y of massfraction 30% and massfraction 70%.
5. hot-dipping aluminium-plating method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described hot dip aluminum plating step also comprises the melting step of described aluminum plating liquid, and the melting step of described aluminum plating liquid comprises:
The Y of massfraction 30% and the Ce of massfraction 70% are mixed, under 850 ~ 950 ℃, be smelted into the RE alloy;
The described RE alloy of massfraction 2 ~ 8% and the aluminium of massfraction 92 ~ 98% are mixed, under 650 ~ 750 ℃, be smelted into described aluminum plating liquid.
6. hot-dipping aluminium-plating method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the described hot dip aluminum plating step, described aluminum plating liquid surface also is coated with surface dopant, and described surface dopant comprises that massfraction is respectively 40 ~ 60% KCl, 30 ~ 50% NaCl and 10 ~ 20% NaF.
7. hot-dipping aluminium-plating method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described plating step that helps is: place plating assistant agent to help plating 2 ~ 8min in 85 ~ 95 ℃ described workpiece; Described plating assistant agent is mass concentration more than or equal to 5% potassium fluozirconate solution.
8. hot-dipping aluminium-plating method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described post-processing step is: described workpiece is placed the container that fills inactivating treatment liquid, sonic oscillation 5 ~ 20min; Described inactivating treatment liquid is the mixing solutions that nitric acid, phosphoric acid, distilled water mix according to the volume ratio of 1:1:10 ~ 20.
9. the metal device that obtains of each described hot-dipping aluminium-plating method immersion plating according to claim 3 ~ 8.
CN 201010207388 2010-06-23 2010-06-23 Aluminum plating liquid, hot dip aluminum plating method and metal device manufactured thereby Active CN102296259B (en)

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CN106676447A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-17 蚌埠南实科技有限公司 Copper bar aluminizing process
CN109182944A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-01-11 安徽青润精密科技有限公司 A kind of surface treatment method of non-ferrous metal workpiece

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