CN102296212B - P-Fe alloy type modifier and method for applying P-Fe alloy type modifier in aluminum-silicon alloy melting - Google Patents
P-Fe alloy type modifier and method for applying P-Fe alloy type modifier in aluminum-silicon alloy melting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a P-Fe alloy type inoculant and a method for applying the P-Fe alloy type inoculant to aluminum-silicon alloy melting. Based on the aluminum-silicon alloy to be prepared, the P-Fe alloy type inoculant consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of P-Fe alloy, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of sigma Re, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Mn, and the balance of Fe, wherein the weight content of P in the P-Fe alloy is 20 to 30 percent. A phosphorus-iron inoculating process is formed in the aluminum-silicon alloy melting by adopting the P-Fe alloy type inoculant, and can inoculate and thin a material; and by the process, the efficiency can be improved, the environmental pollution can be reduced, and cost and material consumption can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the alloy melting used additives, is phosphor alterative and the application method in the aluminum silicon alloy melting thereof specifically.
Background technology
At present, the general P (phosphorus) that adopts is rotten in aluminum silicon alloy is rotten, and alterant has alterant and the master alloys such as P～Cu, Al～P that adopt the red phosphorus preparation, and the former loss when processing is large, and smog is big for environment pollution, and latter's alterant cost is very high.
Along with the rise of the prices of raw and semifnished materials, reduce cost imperative, and the innovation by technology, select a kind of new high phosphorus master alloy alterant to use at the aluminum silicon alloy of piston, reduce the cost of alterant, simultaneously, employing adds in melting once stove or alloy melting, reduces the loss of material.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel P-Fe alloy-type alterant and be used in processing method in the aluminum silicon alloy melting, to reduce spillage of material and to reduce cost.
Another object of the present invention provides above-mentioned P-Fe alloy-type alterant and is used in processing method in the aluminum silicon alloy melting.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of P-Fe alloy-type alterant is comprised of the following component by aluminum silicon alloy weight percent meter to be prepared:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.1%～0.2%,
∑Re：0.1％～0.15％，
Mn：≤0.2％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is 20%～30%, and all the other are Fe.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that according to the following steps carries out:
(1) raw material crushing: use crusher silicon to be broken for the silico briquette of 20mm～50mm;
(2) reinforced melting:
A, first required whole silico briquettes are uniformly distributed in Sweet natural gas reverberatory furnace burner hearth bottom, then will be equipped with 60～80% of good fine aluminium ingot total amount with loading board and advance stove, silico briquette all be covered, again with the Cu plate, the Ni plate is added near bocca at the middle and upper levels, begins the igniting fusing;
B, be warming up to surfaces of aluminum liquid in the pasty state after, add P-Fe alloy-type alterant, divide by P-Fe alloy-type alterant add-on and disperse for 4～5 times to be incorporated in melting aluminum liquid surface, temperature of aluminum liquid should be less than 680 ℃; To remain the fine aluminium ingot and add, igniting continues to be warming up to 850～880 ℃ and is incubated the diffusion melting, and being incubated diffusion time is 10～20 minutes;
C, leave standstill through the aluminium liquid of insulation diffusion melting and to add again insulating covering agent in 20～30 minutes and innocuous refining flux carries out the refining degassing processing, fully stir with stirring tool, then slag hitting adds magnesium, fully stir again, leave standstill and get a sample after 5 minutes, so that the observation modification effect treats that composition is qualified, can water outlet;
(3) on-the-spot melting: the aluminium liquid of processing through P-Fe type alterant changes the scene over to and carries out refining processing: 750～780 ℃ of temperature of aluminum liquid, processed 12 minutes with getter, and left standstill 15～20 minutes, add slagging agent and skim; Check sample, observe modification effect, can use after composition is qualified;
(4) adopt aluminium liquid after P-Fe type alloy inoculant is processed when the crucible oven smelting furnace, guaranteeing under the on-the-spot prerequisite with aluminium liquid, shorten the residence time after the refining degasification as far as possible.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, through the repetition test of above each material, thinks that the implementation of ferrophosphorus modification process is feasible.
2, the implementation of ferrophosphorus modification process, can greatly reduce cost: the cost of alterant own can reduce, simultaneously because the change of processing mode can reduce spillage of material 0.5%～1%.
3, the implementation of ferrophosphorus modification process can be raised the efficiency environmental contamination reduction.
4, owing to the adding of ferrophosphorus and rare earth, primary silicon is more, the in addition impact of rare earth, and the flowability of aluminium water is relatively relatively poor, must be noted that teeming temperature, to reach the purpose that promotes the use under the prerequisite of ensuring the quality of products.
Embodiment
1, experimentation:
We select the P-Fe alloy (P20%～30%, all the other are Fe) of a kind of P20% of containing～30% to test:
1) selects ZL109 aluminum silicon alloy material 100kg test: the P-Fe alloy of adding 0.1% when aluminium water is melted to 760 ℃～780 ℃, insulation diffusion 30 minutes, metallographic is done in sampling, illustrate that ferrophosphorus can reach its modification effect fully, its primary silicon reaches 40um-50um, can reach other P alterants to the degree of refinement of primary silicon, but rectangular Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is arranged.
2) according to for the first time test, for solving the Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys problem, we know that ∑ Re has metamorphism to Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, adding simultaneously 0.1%-0.15% ∑ Re in the test for the first time, its modification effect is good, the cast product, press material heat treatment process and process, as follows to its Performance Detection:
Hardness: HB120;
Room temperature tensile strength: 270Mpa;
300 ℃ of Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperatures: 135Mpa;
360 ℃ of tensile strength: 73Mpa;
Reach the performance requriements of ZL109 material fully.
3) because the ferrophosphorus fusing time is longer, test efficiency is lower at the scene, to this, we directly add the ferrophosphorus master alloy when the alloyage: select a stove ZL109 reverberatory furnace to test: add-on is ferrorphosphorus (P-Fe alloy) 0.1% and ∑ Re(rare earth) 0.1%, joining day is the first round to add silicon, add fine aluminium and dissolve and add after water is arranged, and all the other are identical with conventional alloy preparation technique.Select the product of cast carry out follow-up of quality by JB the T6289-2005 Metallographic standard detect: metallographic is generally 2～3 grades of 2 grades of primary silicons of matrix≤0.05um iron phase, and quality product is no abnormal.
4) because of the adding of ferrophosphorus, iron level increases≤0.1%, though reach the material composition requirement, because the increase of Fe adds ∑ Re in addition, the flowability of alloy decreases.As long as guarantee teeming temperature, the Mn(of adding≤0.2% is more beneficial to the control of iron phase because adding Mn in material simultaneously), reach preferably casting performance.
2, the utilization on the ZL109 material (reverberatory furnace alloyage):
1) P-Fe alloy-type alterant should be pressed into powdery (maximum particle size is no more than 5mm) before use, can not add with large bulk form.
3, alloy melting once technique:
1) prepare melting equipment, instrument and stokehold:
A, melting equipment: gas blower, natural gas reverberatory furnace 3T claims crusher, thermocouple temperature measurement instrument.
B, melting instrument: peel, slag hitting rake, stirring tool, obstruction, filtering net, slag waggon, the car of getting the raw materials ready, alloy ingot mould.
Prepare c, stokehold: fill in the batching advice note by Chemical Composition requirement technician, the starting material that alloy class receives acceptance(check) according to the batching advice note from storehouse (use crusher that silicon is broken, attention lumpiness: 20mm～50mm), fill in the batching source recording.
The slag hitting rake: stirring tool alloy ingot mould must be coated with zinc oxide, waters the necessary graphitization aqueous solution of wooden dipper, could use after the oven dry.
2) reinforced melting:
A, first required whole silicon are uniformly distributed in burner hearth bottom, then will be equipped with 60%～80% of good fine aluminium ingot total amount with loading board and advance stove, silicon is all covered, complete after with the Cu plate, the Ni plate is added near bocca at the middle and upper levels, begins the igniting fusing.
B, be warming up to surfaces of aluminum liquid in the pasty state after, high phosphorus master alloy alterant adds at ordinary times in fine aluminiumization, add simultaneously ∑ Re, the amount that high phosphorus master alloy alterant adds must divide 4～5 Uniform Dispersions to be incorporated in melting aluminum liquid surface, notice that aluminium liquid is just fusing, temperature can not be too high, should be less than 680 ℃.To remain aluminium ingot and add, igniting continues to be warming up to 850～880 ℃ and is incubated the diffusion melting, and being incubated diffusion time is 10～20 minutes.
C, the aluminium liquid through being incubated the diffusion melting must leave standstill and carry out refining degassing processing (adding insulating covering agent 0.3%～0.5% in 20～30 minutes again, innocuous refining flux: 0.2%～0.3%) fully stir with stirring tool, then slag hitting adds magnesium (adding 760 ℃～800 ℃ of magnesium temperature) and fully stirs, leave standstill and when getting the chemical composition sample, get a sample after 5 minutes, so that observation modification effect, treat that composition is qualified, can water outlet.
3) on-the-spot melting:
A, melting tool using: bell jar. the slagging-off wooden dipper. thermopair before use must coating.
B, after the aluminium liquid that high phosphorus master alloy alterant is processed changes the scene over to, no longer go bad in the scene, refining processing is only carried out at the scene: 750 ℃～780 ℃ of aluminium water temps, processed 12 minutes with getter, left standstill 15～20 minutes, add slagging agent and skim.Check sample, determine gas and modification effect, iron phase can use after qualified.
4) adopt aluminium liquid after high phosphorus master alloy alterant is processed when the crucible oven smelting furnace, guaranteeing under the on-the-spot prerequisite with aluminium liquid, shorten the residence time after the refining degasification as far as possible.
3, conclusion:
1) through the repetition test of above each material, thinks that the implementation of ferrophosphorus modification process is feasible.
2) implementation of ferrophosphorus modification process, can greatly reduce cost: the cost of alterant own can reduce, simultaneously because the change of processing mode can reduce spillage of material 0.5%～1%.
3) implementation of ferrophosphorus modification process can be raised the efficiency environmental contamination reduction.
4) owing to the adding of ferrophosphorus and rare earth, primary silicon is more, the in addition impact of rare earth, and the flowability of aluminium water is relatively relatively poor, must be noted that teeming temperature, to reach the purpose that promotes the use under the prerequisite of ensuring the quality of products.
This P-Fe alloy-type alterant is comprised of the following component by aluminum silicon alloy weight percent meter to be prepared:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.1%～0.2%,
∑Re：0.1％～0.15％，
Mn：≤0.2％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 20%～30%, and all the other are Fe.Example: wish preparation 100kg aluminum silicon alloy, in the alterant to be added, P-Fe alloy 0.1kg～0.2kg, ∑ Re0.1kg～0.15kg, Mn≤0.2kg.
Embodiment 1: component is composed as follows:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.1%,
∑Re：0.1％，
Mn：0.2％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 20%.
The modification effect parameter of embodiment 1: select the product of cast to carry out follow-up of quality: by JB the T6289-2005 Metallographic standard detect metallographic and be generally 2 grades of 3 grades of primary silicons of matrix≤0.06um iron phase, quality product is no abnormal, reaches the Metallographic standard requirement.
Embodiment 2: component is composed as follows:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.2%,
∑Re：0.15％，
Mn：0.1％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 30%.
The modification effect parameter of embodiment 2: select the product of cast to carry out follow-up of quality: by JB the T6289-2005 Metallographic standard detect metallographic and be generally 2～3 grades of 2 grades of primary silicons of matrix≤0.05um iron phase, quality product is no abnormal, reaches the Metallographic standard requirement.
Embodiment 3: component is composed as follows:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.15%,
∑Re：0.12％，
Mn：0.05％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 25%.
The modification effect parameter of embodiment 3: select the product of cast to carry out follow-up of quality: by JB the T6289-2005 Metallographic standard detect metallographic and be generally 3 grades of 2 grades of primary silicons of matrix≤0.04um iron phase, quality product is no abnormal, reaches the Metallographic standard requirement.
Claims (5)
1. a P-Fe alloy-type alterant is characterized in that, is comprised of the following component by aluminum silicon alloy weight percent meter to be prepared:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.1%～0.2%,
Rare earth element: 0.1%～0.15%,
Mn :≤0.2% and 〉=0.05%,
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 20%～30%, and all the other are Fe.
2. P-Fe alloy-type alterant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described component is composed as follows:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.1%,
Rare earth element: 0.1%,
Mn：0.2％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 20%.
3. P-Fe alloy-type alterant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described component is composed as follows:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.2%,
Rare earth element: 0.15%,
Mn：0.1％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 30%.
4. P-Fe alloy-type alterant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described component is composed as follows:
The P-Fe alloy: 0.15%,
Rare earth element: 0.12%,
Mn：0.05％，
In the above-mentioned P-Fe alloy, the weight content of P is: 25%.
5. a smelting process that adopts the aluminum silicon alloy of P-Fe alloy-type alterant as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
1) raw material crushing
Use crusher silicon to be broken for the silico briquette of 20～50mm;
2) reinforced melting
A) first required whole silico briquettes are uniformly distributed in Sweet natural gas reverberatory furnace burner hearth bottom, then will be equipped with 60～80% of good fine aluminium ingot total amount with loading board and advance stove, silico briquette all be covered, again with the Cu plate, the Ni plate is added near bocca at the middle and upper levels, begins the igniting fusing;
B) be warming up to surfaces of aluminum liquid in the pasty state after, add P-Fe alloy-type alterant, divide by P-Fe alloy-type alterant add-on and disperse for 4～5 times to be incorporated in melting aluminum liquid surface, temperature of aluminum liquid should be less than 680 ℃; To remain the fine aluminium ingot and add, igniting continues to be warming up to 850～880 ℃ and is incubated the diffusion melting, and being incubated diffusion time is 10～20 minutes;
C) leave standstill through the aluminium liquid of insulation diffusion melting and added again insulating covering agent in 20～30 minutes and innocuous refining flux carries out the refining degassing processing, fully stir with stirring tool, then slag hitting adds magnesium, fully stir again, leave standstill and get a sample after 5 minutes, so that the observation modification effect treats that composition is qualified, can water outlet;
3) on-the-spot melting: the aluminium liquid of processing through P-Fe alloy-type alterant changes the scene over to and carries out refining treatment: 750～780 ℃ of temperature of aluminum liquid, processed 12 minutes with getter, and left standstill 15～20 minutes, add slagging agent and skim; Check sample, observe modification effect, can use after composition is qualified;
4) adopt aluminium liquid after P-Fe alloy-type alterant is processed when the crucible oven smelting furnace, guaranteeing under the on-the-spot prerequisite with aluminium liquid, shorten the residence time after the refining degasification as far as possible.
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