CN102291797B - Method for designing wireless terminal having routing function - Google Patents
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- CN102291797B CN102291797B CN201110185322.4A CN201110185322A CN102291797B CN 102291797 B CN102291797 B CN 102291797B CN 201110185322 A CN201110185322 A CN 201110185322A CN 102291797 B CN102291797 B CN 102291797B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing a wireless terminal which can realize data wireless transceiving and has a routing function. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a mobile ad hoc network hardware terminal on a random access memory (ARM) Linux platform; connecting a wireless network card supporting 802.11a/b/g by using a Samsung processor s3c2410; and arranging modules such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a Nand, a flash, a debugging serial port and a power supply to obtain a hardware framework of the wireless terminal. On the basis, Bootloader, a Linux kernel, a file system and an ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol are transplanted. In order to more easily demonstrate the function of a routing protocol, iptables is also transplanted. Based on the 802.11a/b/g, the whole wireless terminal equipment having the routing function realizes the demonstration of route jump and a self-organization function, and a hardware circuit board is packaged to form the wireless terminal equipment having the routing function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless terminal design with routing function, especially realized wireless Ad Hoc and route forwarding function, affiliated technical field is wireless communication field.
Background technology
WLAN (wireless local area network) has the standard of tri-kinds of main flows of 802.11a/b/g.802.11b modular working is in 2.4GHz communication band, and data rate has surpassed the critical limit of 10M bps, and physical layer adopts high speed direct sequence spread spectrum skill.Second of 802.11 branches into 802.11a, and 802.11a is operated in 5.2G Hz frequency band, and the designated data rate up to 54Mbps.And 802.11g can be with 802.11b Web-compatible in the situation that, the highlyest provide the 54Mbps connection speed identical with 802.11a standard.
Commercially available wireless network card is just merely supported Infrastructure pattern at present, seldom has the product of supporting AdHoc pattern.Even if support, Ad Hoc pattern that neither standard, but simple point-to-point Ad Hoc pattern can not realize routing forwarding.
Due to the dynamic change of Ad Hoc network topology structure, how in movement, to keep communication to become an important research direction, present stage has proposed many routing algorithms, and the design uses the AODV Routing Protocol of being thought one of best Routing Protocol by the MANET working group of IETF.AODV agreement adopts the mode of hop-by-hop to forward grouping, has recorded the down hop of destination node in routing table, need in message, not carry complete routing iinformation, has reduced packet overhead, has improved network bandwidth utilization factor.And adopt the newness degree of source sequence number and aim sequence number sign link, avoided the generation of loop, and all used up-to-date route at every turn.In addition, AODV agreement has also adopted expansion loop search technique, by the value of life span TTL in routing information request (Time to Live) is set, and the whole network broadcast of having avoided route requests to bring.AODV agreement provides the information that interconnects with adjacent node by each node periodic broadcast HELLO message, detects Link State.In view of the feature that AODV Routing Protocol is powerful and be convenient to realize, therefore become the first-selection of transplanting Ad Hoc agreement under embedded system.
At present medium access key-course and physical layer protocol generally realize with network device hardware or firmware, so once make product and just can not develop it again
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, this method proposes a kind of method that realizes software MAC with net80211 and mac80211.The main technical problem to be solved in the present invention has been the wireless terminal design with routing function, makes designed wireless terminal out can have the function of AODV Routing Protocol and the function of data retransmission, and can demonstrate its route forwarding function.Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A method for designing wireless terminal with routing function, comprises step:
Step 1) on ARM Linux platform, build a wireless self-organization network hardware terminal, utilize processor to connect the wireless network card of supporting 802.11a/b/g, add memory interface, debug serial port and power supply, formed the hardware frame of wireless terminal;
Step 2) on the basis of described hardware frame, transplant Bootloader, linux kernel, file system, wireless network card driving and AODV Routing Protocol;
Step 3) transplanted iptables simultaneously;
Step 4) finally hardware circuit board is encapsulated, form the wireless terminal with routing function.
Described step 2) in, comprise the following steps:
21) carry out Bootloader transplanting: the image file of Bootloader is passed through to the programming of JTAG mouth in the Nandflash of wireless terminal;
22) guide the setting of B parameter oot Parameters: at Boot parameters subregion, depositing can parameters;
23) carry out the transplanting of linux kernel: in Makefile, revising compilation tool is crossstool, revise MTD equipment subregion, make the file system of linux kernel on can carry NAND Flash, on the basis of default configuration file, increase the support to NFS NFS and YAFFS file system;
24) carry out root file system transplanting: root file system is selected YAFFS file system, use NFS to start system, then use bs order to format flash, and root file system is installed;
25) transplanting wireless network card drives: transplant wireless network card and drive, make wireless network have the characteristic of self-organizing;
26) transplant under iptables:Linux and support that the configuration tool of netfilter mechanism is exactly iptables, it is also just equivalent to an application program, can be configured netfilter;
27) transplant AODV Routing Protocol: revise Makefile and compile, compiling, later by generate the executable file of aodvd under current directory, will generate kaodv.ko module in Inx catalogue, then aodvd and kaodv.ko be copied in wireless terminal.
Described step 27) in,
The kernel setup of a, transplanting AODV:Linux requires to support netfilter; Advanced router option is also compiled into linux kernel, make node work as router and use;
In Makefile, specify crossstool and linux kernel source code path first to carry out Make compiling, under current directory, generate the executable file of aodvd, in lnx catalogue, generate kaodv.ko module; Then aodvd, kaodv.ko are downloaded to wireless terminal;
B, transplanting iptables; The configuration tool of supporting netfilter mechanism under Linux is exactly iptables, and it can be configured netfilter; So realizing netfilter (iptables) will be from making linux kernel support netfilter and realize this two aspect of client layer iptables configuration order and set about.
Described step 2) in, AODV Routing Protocol is to use AODV routing algorithm to set up route, upgrades IP route table and safeguards it, and step is to recompilate linux kernel to add netfilter network support:
Utilize linux kernel loadable module kaodv.ko to complete forwarding capability, packet is mail to before network interface, when the route of determination data transmission, if there is the route of mating with packet destination address in linux kernel routing table, packet is just delivered to corresponding network interface; If there is not the route of mating with packet destination address in linux kernel routing table, will be processed by call back function, be sent to the packet buffering area of user's space and rank, user space processes aodvd starts route querying function simultaneously; If the route that the data packet header destination address that finds and be buffered mates, just refills linux kernel by the packet that is buffered in user's space; If the route that the data packet header destination address that does not find and be buffered mates, the packet of buffer memory will be dropped, and discharge the memory headroom that it uses;
Described processing by call back function is that call back function checks the service time of every route, and the behaviour in service of routing table is mail to user's space, and the behaviour in service of linux kernel routing table is informed to user's state process aodvd; Aodvd is according to the timer of this behaviour in service replacement routing cache table, and aodvd deletes route entry out-of-date in linux kernel routing table or adds new route simultaneously.
Described step 25), in, the characteristic that wireless network has self-organizing has network filtering mechanism:, if three node wireless terminals are A successively, B and C; In the linux kernel of A, start network filtering the packet of receiving from C node is all filtered, same, in the linux kernel of C, start network filtering the packet of receiving from A node is all filtered, be also that A can not intercom mutually with C; If then at A, B, has started route forwarding function in C node, just can realize A and communicate by letter with C after by B double bounce.
In the technical program,
Makefile file has been described the relation between file in linux kernel source code, and the order of upgrading each file is provided;
Netfilter is the expansion of linux kernel, can realize the work such as fire compartment wall, message encryption, message classification;
Iptables is the IP packet filtration system integrated with up-to-date 2.6.x version linux kernel, is used for configuring netfilter here;
User's morphotype block file of AODV Routing Protocol.
Beneficial effect: the designed wireless terminal of the present invention can be used 802.11a/b/g to carry out the transmitting-receiving of data, and there is the function of AODV Routing Protocol and the function of routing forwarding, can under indoor short distance environment, carry out the demonstration of route forwarding function.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system design process schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Present embodiment discloses the method for designing wireless terminal with routing function, comprises the following steps:
A kind of method for designing wireless terminal with routing function, it is on ARM Linux platform, to build a wireless self-organization network hardware terminal, utilize Samsung s3c2410 processor to connect the wireless network card of supporting 802.11a/b/g, add the hardware frame that SDRAM, Nand flash, debug serial port and these modules of power supply have formed wireless terminal.Bootloader, linux kernel, file system and AODV Routing Protocol have been transplanted on this basis.In order to demonstrate more easily Routing Protocol function, transplanted iptables simultaneously.The whole wireless terminal device with routing function has been realized demonstration and the self organizing function of route redirect on the basis of 802.11a/b/g, hardware circuit board is encapsulated simultaneously, forms the wireless terminal device with routing function.
Described transplanting comprises:
A. carry out Bootloader transplanting, the Bootloader transplanting selects the custom-designed ViVi of ARM framework CPU that Korea S MIZI company is SAMSUNG,
B. carry out the setting of Boot Parameters, Boot parameters subregion is deposited the parameter that some can arrange, such as IP address, will pass to the command line parameter of linux kernel etc.,
C. carry out the transplanting of linux-2.6.17 kernel, in Makefile, revising compilation tool is crossstool, revise MTD equipment subregion, make the file system of linux kernel on can carry NAN D Flash, on the basis of default configuration file, increase the support to NFS NFS and YAFFS file system
D. carry out root file system transplanting, root file system is selected YAFFS file system, uses NFS to start system, and then use bs order to format flash, and root file system is installed,
E. transplanting wireless network card and drive, transplant merely wireless network card and drive simplyr, but is not object, and we finally will make wireless network have the characteristic of self-organizing, because will transplant AODV Routing Protocol, so linux kernel should be supported netfilter mechanism,
F. transplant iptables, the configuration tool of supporting netfilter mechanism under Linux is exactly iptables, and it is also just equivalent to an application program, can be configured to netfilter (packet filtering rules, NAT etc.),
G. transplant AODV Routing Protocol, revise Makefile and compile, compiling, later by generate the executable file of aodvd under current directory, will generate kaodv.ko module in Inx catalogue, then aodvd kaodv.ko be copied in wireless terminal.
Boot Loader is one section of small routine of operation before the operation of (SuSE) Linux OS kernel.By this section of small routine, can initiating hardware equipment, set up the mapping graph of memory headroom, thus take the hardware environment of system to a suitable state, to be ready to correct environment for finally calling (SuSE) Linux OS kernel.
In this method, used network filtering mechanism, if three nodes are A successively, B, C.In the linux kernel of A, start network filtering the packet of receiving from C node is all filtered, same, in the linux kernel of C, start network filtering the packet of receiving from A node is all filtered, be also that A can not intercom mutually with C.If at A, B, has started route forwarding function in C node, so just can realize A and communicate by letter with C after by B double bounce.
In order to realize netfilter (iptables), method for designing is set about from two aspects:
(1) linux kernel is supported netfilter;
(2) the iptables configuration order of client layer, on host, enter linux kernel catalogue, configure required linux kernel module, select to support in linux kernel option and the relevant option thereof of netfilter, download iptables kit, enter download directory, compile and generate executable file, design selects iptables-1.3.6 to carry out static state compiling, the iptables executable file of generation is copied under NFS file system and carry out carry, restart after terminal, just can be with iptables order.
By revising linux kernel configuration and revising the compiling that Makefile file is realized AODV Routing Protocol, choose linux kernel option: IP Userspace queueing via NETLINK (OBSOLETE), revise in Makefile linux kernel version number and linux kernel source code path, then compile, compiling will generate the executable file of aodvd later under current directory, in Inx catalogue, will generate kaodv.ko module, then by aodvd and two file copies of kaodv.ko in Target Board, above-mentioned routing function module aodvd calculates and safeguards linux kernel routing table with certain Routing Protocol algorithm, this carries out at user's space, and forwarding capability module kaodv.ko realizes in linux kernel, so in the situation that forwarding capability module remains unchanged, can be by revising routing function module, reach the object of using other Routing Protocol or improving current Routing Protocol.
Routing function module is moved at user's space, is responsible for carrying out information interchange with other network node, uses AODV routing algorithm set up routing update IP route table and safeguard it.Idiographic flow is to recompilate linux kernel interpolation netfilter network support to utilize linux kernel loadable module kaodv.ko to complete forwarding capability, packet is mail to before network interface, when determining its route, if there is the route of mating with packet destination address in linux kernel routing table, packet is just delivered to corresponding network interface; If do not exist, will be processed by call back function, being sent to the packet buffering area of user's space ranks, user space processes aodvd starts route querying function simultaneously, if the route that the data packet header destination address that finds and be buffered mates, just refills linux kernel by the packet that is buffered in user's space; If route is undiscovered, the packet of buffer memory will be dropped, and discharge the memory headroom that it uses.Call back function checks the service time of every route, and the behaviour in service of routing table is mail to user's space, and the behaviour in service of linux kernel routing table is informed to user's state process aodvd.Reset the accordingly timer of routing cache table of aodvd, aodvd deletes route entry out-of-date in linux kernel routing table or adds new route simultaneously.
First aodv-uu-0.9.5 is transplanted in ARM Linux, linux kernel configuration requirement is supported netfilter, is used for, in several special local packet capturings, advanced router option also being compiled into linux kernel, make node work as router and use, so just can interim data bag.In Makefile, specify crossstool and linux kernel source code path.After Make compiling, will under current directory, generate the executable file of aodvd, in lnx catalogue, generate kaodv.ko module, then aodvd, kaodv.ko are downloaded to wireless terminal.
Next transplant iptables, the object of transplanting iptables is in order to test, because carry out the test of multi-hop route between node under indoor short distance environment, is more difficult realization.The configuration tool of supporting netfilter mechanism under Linux is exactly iptables, and it is also just equivalent to an application program, can be configured to netfilter (comprising filtering rule, NAT etc.).So realizing netfilter (iptables) will be from making linux kernel support netfilter and realize this two aspect of client layer iptables configuration order and set about.
(1) compiling linux kernel, supports netfilter
On host, enter linux kernel catalogue, configure required linux kernel module:
make?menuconfig
Choose following linux kernel option:
General?setup---＞
[*] Sysctl support (in ROMFS file system/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ occur ip_forward)
Networking?options---＞
[*]Network?packet?filtering(replaces?ipchains)
IP:Netfilter Configuration---> (all selecting)
Linux kernel has just been supported netfilter like this.Next only need to compile and generate linux kernel image file programming to embedded system.If restart after programming and successfully enter Linux, the normally operation of linux kernel of new support netfiter is described.
(2) compiling generates iptables order
Download iptables kit, enter download directory, compile and generate executable file, Compilation Method is as follows:
Select iptables-1.3.6
cd/$DIR/iptables-1.3.6
vim?Makefile
Line14:NO_SHARED_LIBS=1 (static linkage compiling generates executable file)
make
After carrying out above-mentioned steps, just can generate iptables executable file, the iptables executable file of generation is carried out to NFS carry, after parameters, restart wireless terminal, just can be with iptables order.
Claims (4)
1. a method for designing wireless terminal with routing function, is characterized in that, comprises step:
Step 1) is built a wireless self-organization network hardware terminal on ARM Linux platform, utilizes processor to connect the wireless network card of supporting 802.11a/b/g, adds memory interface, debug serial port and power supply, has formed the hardware frame of wireless terminal;
Step 2) on the basis of described hardware frame, transplant Bootloader, linux kernel, file system, wireless network card driving and AODV Routing Protocol;
Step 3) has been transplanted iptables simultaneously;
Step 4) finally encapsulates hardware circuit board, forms the wireless terminal with routing function;
Described step 2) in, comprise the following steps:
21) carry out Bootloader transplanting: the image file of Bootloader is passed through to the programming of JTAG mouth in the Nandflash of wireless terminal;
22) guide the setting of B parameter ootParameters: at Bootparameters subregion, depositing can parameters;
23) carry out the transplanting of linux kernel: in Makefile file, revising compilation tool is crossstool, revise MTD equipment subregion, make the file system of linux kernel on can carry NANDFlash, on the basis of default configuration file, increase the support to NFS NFS and YAFFS file system;
24) carry out root file system transplanting: root file system is selected YAFFS file system, use NFS to start system, then use bs order to format flash, and root file system is installed;
25) transplanting wireless network card drives: transplant wireless network card and drive, make wireless network have the characteristic of self-organizing;
26) transplant under iptables:Linux and support that the configuration tool of netfilter mechanism is exactly iptables, it is also just equivalent to an application program, can be configured netfilter;
27) transplant AODV Routing Protocol: revise Makefile and compile, under current directory, generating aodvd file, in lnx catalogue, generating kaodv.ko file, then aodvd and kaodv.ko being copied in wireless terminal.
2. the method for designing wireless terminal with routing function according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 27) in,
The kernel setup of a, transplanting AODV:Linux requires to support netfilter; Advanced router option is also compiled into linux kernel, make node work as router and use;
In Makefile, specify crossstool and linux kernel source code path, first carry out Make compiling, under current directory, generate the executable file of aodvd, in lnx catalogue, generate kaodv.ko module; Then aodvd, kaodv.ko are downloaded to wireless terminal;
Under b, transplanting iptables:Linux, support that the configuration tool of netfilter mechanism is exactly iptables, it can be configured netfilter; So realize netfilter(iptables) will be from making linux kernel support netfilter and realize this two aspect of client layer iptables configuration order and set about.
3. the method for designing wireless terminal with routing function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) in, AODV Routing Protocol is to use AODV routing algorithm to set up route, upgrade IP route table and safeguard it, step is to recompilate linux kernel to add netfilter network support:
Utilize linux kernel loadable module kaodv.ko to complete forwarding capability, packet is mail to before network interface, when the route of determination data transmission, if there is the route of mating with packet destination address in linux kernel routing table, packet is just delivered to corresponding network interface; If there is not the route of mating with packet destination address in linux kernel routing table, will be processed by call back function, be sent to the packet buffering area of user's space and rank, user space processes aodvd starts route querying function simultaneously; If the route that the data packet header destination address that finds and be buffered mates, just refills linux kernel by the packet that is buffered in user's space; If the route that the data packet header destination address that does not find and be buffered mates, the packet of buffer memory will be dropped, and discharge the memory headroom that it uses;
Described processing by call back function is that call back function checks the service time of every route, and the behaviour in service of routing table is mail to user's space, and the behaviour in service of linux kernel routing table is informed to user's state process aodvd; Aodvd is according to the timer of this behaviour in service replacement routing cache table, and aodvd deletes route entry out-of-date in linux kernel routing table or adds new route simultaneously.
4. the method for designing wireless terminal with routing function according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 25) in, the characteristic that wireless network has self-organizing has network filtering mechanism: if three node wireless terminals are A successively, and B and C; In the linux kernel of A, start network filtering the packet of receiving from C node is all filtered, same, in the linux kernel of C, start network filtering the packet of receiving from A node is all filtered, be also that A can not intercom mutually with C; If then at A, B, has started route forwarding function in C node, just can realize A and communicate by letter with C after by B double bounce.
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| CN106162594B (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2020-02-07 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | WIFI hotspot traffic statistical method and system based on IPtables |
| CN107071813A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Ad Hoc Routing Protocols checking system based on BeagleBone Black |
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| CN101335671A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2008-12-31 | 南京邮电大学 | Wireless self-organizing network, internet embedded interconnecting terminal and application method |
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