CN102289009A - Portable generalized comfort detecting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to testing equipment for testing the generalized comfort of train rides, in particular to a portable generalized comfort detection system, which includes a detection system and a portable analyzer. The detection system includes a human body model, a sensor installed on the human body model, and an acquisition sensor The data acquisition unit and the wireless transmission unit of the data, the sensor, the data acquisition unit and the wireless transmission unit are connected in sequence, and the data acquisition unit collects the data and transmits it wirelessly to the portable analyzer through the wireless transmission unit. The present invention takes the main physical factors that affect the generalized comfort as the test object, simulates the comprehensive induction of various parameters by passengers in the specific position of the train, and calculates the generalized comfort of the train in real time. Aiming at the fully enclosed characteristics of high-speed EMUs, the detection system uses wireless data The transmission scheme reduces the cost of car body modification and the workload of wiring.

Description

Portable Generalized Comfort Detection System

technical field

The invention relates to testing equipment for testing the generalized comfort degree of train riding, in particular to a portable generalized comfort degree detection system.

Background technique

With the rapid development of high-speed railways, the comfort of high-speed railways has increasingly become the focus of people's attention. Improving and improving the comfort of high-speed EMUs must also become one of the focuses of high-speed train improvement. However, it is far from enough to rely on the current railway vibration measurement comfort method to evaluate the comfort, and it is difficult to ensure the comfort of passengers, which does not meet the current requirements of the coordinated development of railway passenger transportation safety, high speed, and comfort. Therefore, in order to improve the comfort of high-speed trains, it is impossible to meet the above requirements only by considering the impact of train vibration. It is also necessary to improve other factors that affect train comfort, such as: noise, light intensity, temperature, humidity, gas concentration, Air pressure and other factors, all these factors affecting train comfort, are collectively referred to as generalized comfort factors. Due to the complexity of the factors affecting the generalized comfort, obtaining information on the single factor affecting the generalized comfort and the subjective evaluation of passenger comfort is to judge whether the existing high-speed train vibration, noise, air pressure, temperature, humidity and other indicators meet the requirements. An important basis for passenger comfort needs.

Foreign research on train comfort is mainly based on its vibration acceleration. Western developed countries began to test train ride comfort through tests as early as the 1950s and 1960s, and established a relatively complete comfort evaluation based on these test data. standards, but there is no uniform standard in the world for the comfort evaluation standards of railway rolling stock.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a portable generalized comfort degree detection system, which can be applied not only to high-speed trains, but also to the generalized comfort degree evaluation of various vehicles such as subways, ships, passenger cars, etc. Improve and evaluate the comfort level to meet people's higher requirements for the comfort level of transportation vehicles.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a portable generalized comfort detection system, including a detection system and a portable analyzer, and the detection system includes a human body model, a sensor installed on the human body model, and a data acquisition device for collecting sensor data The unit and the wireless transmission unit, the sensor, the data acquisition unit and the wireless transmission unit are connected in sequence, and the data acquisition unit collects data and transmits it wirelessly to the portable analyzer through the wireless transmission unit.

The portable analyzer includes ARM processor, wireless module, memory, keyboard, display screen, interface module and power supply module. The wireless module, memory, memory, keyboard, display screen, interface module and power supply module are respectively connected with the ARM processor. The collected data is transmitted wirelessly, received by the wireless module of the portable analyzer, stored in the memory, and the ARM processor calculates the generalized comfort level in real time and displays it on the display screen. All data information can be exported through the interface module.

Sensors include vibration sensors, illuminance sensors, sound level meters, air pressure sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors and gas concentration sensors.

Specifically, the illuminance sensor is installed at the eye position of the mannequin to detect the illuminance inside the car, the sound level device is installed at the ear position of the mannequin to detect the noise level, the air pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are installed at the chest position of the mannequin to detect the air pressure in the car And temperature, the vibration sensor is installed on the buttocks and back of the mannequin to detect vibration, the humidity sensor is installed on the foot of the mannequin to detect humidity, and the gas concentration sensor is installed on the nasal cavity of the mannequin to detect the change of gas concentration in the car.

The data acquisition unit includes a single-chip microcomputer, a large-capacity memory, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module. The wireless transmission unit, a large-capacity memory, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module are connected to the single-chip microcomputer respectively, and are controlled by the single-chip microcomputer. The module collects, stores in the large-capacity memory and sends to the portable analyzer through the wireless transmission unit.

The signal acquisition module includes a signal conditioning circuit and an AD acquisition board. The single-chip microcomputer of the AD acquisition board and the data acquisition unit transmits data through the SPI bus. Each sensor is equipped with a corresponding signal acquisition module. The data used by the sensor is mounted on an SPI bus for synchronous data collection.

The data acquisition unit also has a USB interface, and the USB interface is connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, and the large-capacity storage is an SD card memory. All the sensor data collected by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer through the SPI bus are stored in the SD card memory in the form of files. , and the collected raw data can be read through the USB interface, and all data files are stored in HDF5 format.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the portable generalized comfort detection system takes the main physical factors that affect the generalized comfort as the test object, and can detect vibration, air pressure, noise, temperature, humidity and illuminance on the operating train and test car that affect the ride comfort. It simulates the comprehensive induction of various parameters by passengers in the specific position of the train, and calculates the generalized comfort of the train in real time, and can evaluate the generalized comfort of high-speed trains online.

The detection system adopts multi-variable synchronous acquisition technology to realize synchronous acquisition. In view of the fully enclosed characteristics of high-speed EMUs, the detection system adopts a wireless data transmission scheme to reduce the cost of car body modification and wiring workload.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described;

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of detection system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of portable analyzer of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the data acquisition unit of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of signal acquisition module of the present invention;

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, a portable generalized comfort detection system includes a detection system and a portable analyzer. The detection system includes a human body model and sensors installed on the human body model, a data acquisition unit and a wireless transmission unit for collecting sensor data, and the sensor , the data acquisition unit and the wireless transmission unit are connected in sequence, and the data acquisition unit collects data and transmits it wirelessly to the portable analyzer through the wireless transmission unit.

Sensors include vibration sensors, illuminance sensors, sound level meters, air pressure sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors and gas concentration sensors. The illuminance sensor is installed at the eye position of the mannequin to detect the illuminance inside the car. The sound level device is installed at the ear position of the mannequin to detect the noise level. The air pressure sensor and temperature sensor are installed at the chest position of the mannequin to detect the air pressure and temperature inside the car. The vibration sensor is installed on the buttocks and back of the mannequin to detect vibration. The humidity sensor is installed on the foot of the mannequin to detect humidity. The gas concentration sensor is installed on the nasal cavity of the mannequin to detect changes in the gas concentration in the car. The gas concentration sensor has It is a carbon dioxide gas concentration sensor.

The present invention applies the similarity between the spatial structure layout of the human body model and the spatial layout of the passenger's body, rationally transforms the human body model, and uses the human body model to simulate the specific seating space of a passenger. The detection system and the portable analyzer use a wireless network for communication. All measuring points realize data synchronization through wireless network. The wireless network is based on the ZigBee wireless communication protocol, which has the characteristics of automatic networking, reliable transmission and low power, and can meet the requirements of the portable detection platform.

As shown in Figure 3, the data acquisition unit includes a single-chip microcomputer, a large-capacity memory, a power supply module, and a signal acquisition module. Each sensor is collected by the signal acquisition module, stored in the large-capacity memory and sent to the portable analyzer through the wireless transmission unit. The data acquisition unit also has a USB interface, and the USB interface is connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer is an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, and the large-capacity storage is an SD card memory. All the sensor data collected by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer through the SPI bus are stored in the SD card memory in the form of files. , and the collected raw data can be read through the USB interface, and all data files are stored in HDF5 format. HDF5 is a file format and library file for storing scientific data. It has a powerful and flexible data module, supports management of data files larger than 2G, and supports parallel IO.

As shown in Figure 4, the signal acquisition module includes a signal conditioning circuit and an AD acquisition board. The single-chip microcomputer of the AD acquisition board and the data acquisition unit performs data transmission through the SPI bus. Each sensor is equipped with a corresponding signal acquisition module. The sampling frequency of the noise signal sound leveler is relatively high, so it occupies a single SPI bus, and the data used by other sensors is mounted on a SPI bus, so as to realize the synchronous collection of data.

Analog signal acquisition is divided into direct voltage AD acquisition, micro voltage signal acquisition powered by voltage source and micro voltage signal acquisition powered by current source, vibration, illuminance and gas concentration are collected by direct voltage AD, air pressure is micro voltage signal acquisition powered by voltage source , the noise signal detected by the sound leveler is collected by the micro voltage signal powered by the current source.

(1) Direct voltage AD acquisition

The design of the direct voltage AD acquisition circuit is relatively simple, only the input signal needs to be low-pass anti-aliasing filter and then the AD acquisition can be carried out. Here the low-pass filter is realized by MAX7410 of MAXIM. Since the selected sensor signal output voltage is 0-5V, and the ADC reference voltage of the main control chip is 3V, it is necessary to divide the output voltage and then collect it through a follower circuit. The operational amplifier of the follower circuit adopts AD8031.

(2) Micro voltage signal acquisition powered by voltage source

The micro-voltage signal acquisition powered by a voltage source is composed of a signal conditioning circuit and a direct voltage AD acquisition circuit. Signal conditioning circuits can condition and amplify any Huygens bridge signal and similar signals.

The conditioning circuit is implemented by two-stage operational amplifiers, and at the same time, the second-stage amplification is compared with a DAC output voltage to adapt to the largest range of front-end input, to achieve the largest magnification without distortion, and to achieve the highest accuracy. In the hardware circuit, the primary amplification is realized by AD8231 instrument amplifier, and the secondary amplification circuit is realized by ordinary dual operational amplifier OPA2347, and a voltage follower circuit is added to improve the regulation stability; the secondary amplification comparison voltage is provided by DAC device DAC7513.

(3) Micro voltage signal acquisition powered by current source

The micro-voltage signal acquisition circuit powered by the current source is similar to the micro-voltage signal acquisition circuit of the voltage source, except that the order of the primary and secondary amplification of the former is reversed. The conditioning circuit also provides a constant current source while providing the signal conditioning function, and the supply of the constant current source is provided by the LT3092. Similarly, the micro-voltage signal of the current source must be connected to the direct voltage AD acquisition circuit after conditioning, and connected to the single-chip microcomputer for signal acquisition.

The portable analyzer shown in Figure 2 adopts the form of ARM+linux/Win CE, including ARM processor, wireless module, memory, keyboard, display screen, interface module and power supply module, wireless module, memory, memory, keyboard, display The screen, interface module and power supply module are respectively connected to the ARM processor, the memory includes RAM and ROM memory, the interface module includes USB and network interfaces, the data collected by the detection system is transmitted wirelessly, and is received by the wireless module of the portable analyzer, and the memory Save the data, and the ARM processor calculates the generalized comfort in real time and displays it on the display screen. All data information can be exported through the interface module, which is convenient for researchers to further analyze, calculate and study the data. In order to improve the scalability of the system, the portable analyzer has an expandable IO port on the hardware and an API program interface on the software, which is convenient for upgrading the system.

The design of the portable analyzer is mainly for the convenience of remote management and real-time viewing of test data by users. Its existence can make the whole test process in a relatively hidden environment, which can prevent the disorder and test in the car caused by the crowd of passengers. accuracy impact. The software design is mainly based on the following comfort data processing algorithm to judge.

The basic workflow of the system is as follows:

The entire detection system is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer. After the signals output by the sensors on the human body model are processed by their respective conditioning circuits, they enter the AD acquisition board to convert them into digital quantities and store them in a large-capacity memory, and then send them to the portable analyzer through wireless. Each sensor is equipped with an AD board, and these AD boards are transmitted to the STM32 microcontroller through the SPI bus. Among them, the sampling frequency of the noise is relatively high, so an SPI bus is occupied separately. Other signals are mounted on an SPI bus. In order to realize the synchronous collection of data. The detection system adopts a low-power design and is powered by a large-capacity rechargeable lithium battery. It can be controlled to enter a dormant state when the acquisition operation is not performed, thereby ensuring the long-term work of the detection system.

The STM32 single-chip microcomputer sets the parameters of the signal acquisition module through the SPI bus, and after the sensor signal is collected through the SPI bus, all the collected data are stored in the SD card memory in the form of files, and the collected data can be read through the USB interface. Raw data. The STM32 also organizes the data and sends it to the portable analyzer via the wireless network. Organizing data is actually coordinating various data, especially high sampling rate data, for easy transmission.

The comfort data processing algorithm is divided into sub-item comfort algorithm and generalized comfort algorithm. The sub-item comfort algorithm is calculated according to the current standard of each physical quantity. The generalized comfort N=∑N _i *W _{i ;} Item comfort level value, W _i is its generalized comfort weighting coefficient.

Claims (7)

1. A portable generalized comfort detection system is characterized in that it comprises a detection system and a portable analyzer, The detection system includes a human body model, a sensor installed on the human body model, a data acquisition unit for collecting sensor data, and a wireless transmission unit. The sensor, the data acquisition unit and the wireless transmission unit are connected in sequence, and the data acquisition unit collects data through wireless transmission. The unit transmits wirelessly to a portable analyzer. 2. the portable generalized comfort detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described portable analyzer comprises ARM processor, wireless module, storer, keyboard, display screen, interface module and power supply module, wireless module, Memory, memory, keyboard, display screen, interface module and power module are respectively connected with ARM processor, the data collected by the detection system is transmitted wirelessly, received by the wireless module of the portable analyzer, the memory saves the data, and the ARM processor calculates the generalized data in real time The comfort level is displayed on the display screen, and all data information can be exported through the interface module. 3. The portable generalized comfort detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: said sensors include vibration sensors, illuminance sensors, sound level devices, air pressure sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors and gas concentration sensors. 4. The portable generalized comfort detection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the illuminance sensor is installed on the eye position of the mannequin to detect the illuminance in the car, and the sound level device is installed on the ear position of the mannequin to detect the noise level, The air pressure sensor and temperature sensor are installed on the chest of the mannequin to detect the air pressure and temperature in the car. The vibration sensor is installed on the buttocks and back of the mannequin to detect vibration. The humidity sensor is installed on the foot of the mannequin to detect humidity and gas concentration. The sensor is installed in the nasal cavity of the mannequin to detect changes in the gas concentration in the car. 5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 described portable generalized comfort detection systems, it is characterized in that: data acquisition unit comprises single-chip microcomputer, large-capacity memory, power supply module and signal acquisition module, wireless transmission unit, large-capacity memory , the power supply module and the signal acquisition module are respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer, controlled by the single-chip microcomputer, each sensor on the human body model is collected by the signal acquisition module, stored in a large-capacity memory and sent to the portable analyzer through the wireless transmission unit. 6. the portable generalized comfort detection system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described signal acquisition module comprises signal conditioning circuit and AD acquisition board, and the single-chip microcomputer of AD acquisition board and data acquisition unit carries out data transmission by SPI bus , each sensor is equipped with a corresponding signal acquisition module, the sound level meter occupies a single SPI bus, and the data used by other sensors is mounted on an SPI bus for synchronous data acquisition. 7. The portable generalized comfort detection system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the data acquisition unit also has a USB interface, and the USB interface is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, the single-chip microcomputer is an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, and the large-capacity storage is an SD card memory, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer passes through All the sensor data collected by the SPI bus are stored in the SD card memory in the form of files, and the collected raw data can be read through the USB interface, and all data files are stored in HDF5 format.

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