CN102287798A - Power boiler for coal-burning ship - Google Patents
Power boiler for coal-burning ship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an innovation technology for burning or gasifying solid fuel, such as coal, biomasses and the like by adopting a high-temperature air-burning technology, a boiler created through the technology is named as a heat-storing moving bed which comprises two bed layers, i.e. a coal-ball moving bed and a ceramic-ball heat-storing bed, the machine-set thermal-power efficiency of a heat-storing moving-bed boiler is in all available furnace types of a coal-burning ship is possible to be the highest, i.e. the heat-storing moving-bed boiler is a power boiler which is most applicable to the coal-burning ship. The operating mode of the boil is divided into burning and cold-slag dry-distillation time periods on time, and the two processes alternately operate. In the burning time period, the flow directions of tail gas and air are periodically switched through a four-way reversing valve 4, heat is alternately stored or released through two heat-storing beds 2 and 3, heat storage is to intercept and store the residual heat of the high-temperature tail gas, and heat release is to heat the sent-in and heated cold air through the residual heat to obtain the high-temperature air at the temperature of more than 600 DEG C to obtain a higher burning temperature and a high radiant heat-transfer rate, which is the core characteristic of the heat-storing moving-bed boiler, and the heat-storing moving-bed boiler is more applicable to ships than other types of boilers through the characteristic.
Description
1. technical field:
Present technique one-level subject should belong to the Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics field, and the secondary subject belongs to Thermal Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics.Be a kind of employing HTAC (HTAC---High Temperature Air Combution, to call the HTAC technology in the following text) burning or solid-fuelled innovative technology such as gasification of coal, living beings, we order its heat-accumulation moving bed (SMB----Storage move bed) boiler by name the boiler of creating with present technique, in the middle of comprise coal briquette moving bed, two kinds of beds of Ceramic Balls energy storage bed, heat-accumulation moving bed boiler is in the type of furnace that coal burning vessel can be used, may be that the unit heat power efficiency is the highest, just be best suited for the power boiler of coal fired ship.
What power boiler peculiar to vessel burnt is coal briquette or biomass fuel, is the most popular current clean coal technology, adds that the mankind have entered back petroleum times, and we believe that the business environment of industrialization possesses.
2. background technology:
Present technique is a background with the HTAC technology, the applied HTAC technology of people all is to adopt the fixed bed heat storage of the cellular regenerative block structure of pottery in the industry now, the present people of this technology can only be used to burn the fuel that gas or this two class of liquid fuel do not have lime-ash, and for solid fuels such as coal, living beings, the flying dust that combustion process produces can the cellular fixed bed heat storage of very fast obstruction, can not burn solid fuels such as coal, living beings at all.Present technique creatively replaces cellular heat storage with the energy storage bed that has from the ash disposal ability, solved the difficult problem of flying dust obstruction heat storage, also with a pneumatic cinder that smashes sintering that impacts, realized the test run of HTAC technology on solid fuels such as burning or gasification of coal and living beings, will have broad application prospects in fields such as power boiler peculiar to vessel, solid fuel gasification, waste incinerations.
The creativeness of present technique has specific descriptions in 3..
And first inventor's beam, million will of present technique have been done basic patent application and authorized on November 9th, 2006, and the patent No. is: ZL200610123561.6, and by name: the thermal storage type moving bed combustion device of using combustible low-calorific-value solid fuel.And I am absorbed in the industrialization research and development of this technology over several years, never am interrupted.
More than be in the technical background with the strongest correlation part of the art of this patent, other more weak relevant place since the limit of length omit locating.Finish technical background, the market background of being impelled to speak.
Present technique is at power boiler peculiar to vessel, solid fuel gasification, fields such as waste incineration have broad application prospects, especially be power fuel peculiar to vessel with coal, list can be strengthened Chinese energy safety fast, the investment of the coal system of saving oil, and, oily coal price lattice ratio on the throughout history, be to be constantly soaring gesture, have reason to believe, this trend also can continue, because the shortage of oil ratio coal many, especially China, we can say, coal burning vessel will grow up very soon, and this heat-accumulation moving bed boiler will be that the unit heat power efficiency is the highest in the available type of furnace peculiar to vessel, this is because the utilization of HTAC technology, fire box temperature is high more a lot of than common grate furnace, and heat-transfer surface all is located at the burner hearth both sides, and heat transfer type mainly is radiation, that is to say in the stove it is the boiler tube of radiant heat transfer entirely, the convection tube of traditional sense boiler here no longer needs, replaced a large amount of little porcelain ball of energy storage bed, people know that the rate of heat transfer of hyperthermia radiation is more much higher than the convection current, so it is a lot of that total heat-transfer surface is economized than conventional boiler, we have only used 15% pipe of conventional boiler just to reach the design evaporation capacity in first trial furnace.
This 15% pipe is simplified stringing greatly, can make high strength more, aboard ship also can the high parameter operation, operating pressure can be brought up to more than the 15Mpa than the 6MPa that people once were used for the D type grate furnace on the ship, although the cold and hot thermal (temperature difference) stress when commutation is arranged.Heat power efficiency can reach 36%, and D type grate furnace have only about 18%, adds constantly soaring oily coal price lattice ratio, and this heat-accumulation moving bed boiler be if can become power boiler peculiar to vessel, replace oil with coal, and its economic benefit of saving cost will cause a sensation very much.In the last profitable estimation of this paper, consult for interesting person.
The service life of the little porcelain ball of energy storage bed is also much longer than the convection tube of conventional boiler, because the porcelain ball is the resistance to oxidation resistant material, and the etching problem of convection section steel pipe is a difficult problem that troubles existing coal fired boiler always.
More than being some superior parts of present technique, is practicality, also will be the market forces that promotes the present technique development, is that far-reaching market application foreground is arranged.
The degree of depth based on above-mentioned market application foreground, technology maturity and this paper is open, after present technique is open, may attract some infringers, here might as well state, I will keep the right to sue when finding, but welcome the permission negotiation, wish that very interesting strong boiler factory that qualification is arranged or research institution cooperate with us, there be not talking about of qualification, in order to avoid waste both sides' time.
3. summary of the invention:
3.1. the inventive point of power boiler peculiar to vessel
3.1.1 energy storage bed is got rid of the mode of dust stratification:
For preventing that flying dust from causing resistance to rise in the energy storage bed inner accumulated, filling is extraordinary porcelain ball 19 in the energy storage bed, and is provided with raker stirrer 20, gets rid of dust stratification to exhaust to stir, and prevents that gas-flow resistance from rising.Our this energy storage bed is different from the honeycomb heat accumulation body of the HTAC technology of existing burning gas or oil fully, and that honeycomb heat accumulation body is a fixed bed, does not stir, and bed can not move, and does not get rid of the dust stratification ability, can not be used for burning coal or other solid fuels.
Energy storage bed also has an effect, tackle exactly flying dust from the ash disposal ability, raker stirrer 20 exhausts rotation between being, it is just moving to flow into the period at air, allows dust stratification drop to slag bucket and is washed away by water; Motionless in the tail gas outflow period, waft to smokestack with tail gas with anti-gray.Like this, energy storage bed just has the function of deduster, and deduster need not be set again.
This is one of invention (innovation) point of present technique.
3.1.2 sintering cinder discharge method:
Shown in the profilograph of accompanying drawing 2, the heat-accumulation moving bed furnace wall, both sides of whole seat is the big configuration of downward flaring (passage that heavy line surrounded among the figure), guarantees that lime-ash can not be stuck in the inside; The device 22 that produces downward thrust also is housed, the auxiliary in case of necessity slag that pushes away on the furnace roof; Some pneumatic impacts 21 are housed on the impact type deslagging fire grate, drop in the following slag crusher broken in order to the slag that smashes bulk, wash away with the waterpower that goes out pulp pump 12, wet concentration goes out the blending of high-melting-point ash makes high ash melting point in coal coal briquette and is back to this stove in passing again.Pneumatic impact 21 effects in addition are exactly to shake the outer grieshoch that generates of coal briquette down at any time, expose fixed carbon to the open air with continual renovation, and are complete in order to burning, and reduce the cinder bonding.
This be present technique invention (innovation) point two.
3.1.3 the effect of tar quench tower and circulating fan:
The tar quench tower is used for spraying and washes the tar that circulating air contains, and this tar is from the coal briquette destructive distillation, in order to avoid tar hinders ash discharge after the energy storage bed condensation, and is able to comprehensive utilization of resources, and the preparation coal briquette process of boiler some tar of also will using up.
Circulating fan is the power of driving gas circulation, because oxygen is consumed in burning zone fully, this recyclegas is N substantially
2Gas and a small amount of coal gas are with cold slag of this strand air-flow and destructive distillation coal briquette.The a small amount of coal gas that is produced can be burnt in burning zone by the pneumatic air that impacts the head discharge, can not accumulate, not the sorrow of blast.
Cold slag is in order to improve boiler efficiency, and destructive distillation then has anti-tar pickup energy storage bed, obtains required tar and the industrial chemicals triple role of preparation coal briquette.
This be present technique invention (innovation) point three.
Because present technique is a kind of brand-new coal-fired mode, more than above-mentioned 3 points of its innovative point, as the preparation of coal briquette, feed way and special equipment thereof all will be innovated, and do not do carefully to state one by one at this.
3.2 explanation about desulfurization:
Only desulfurization program was to use seawer washing flue gas desulfurization when this combustion system was aboard ship used, as coastal new power plant construction, seawater has certain basicity, it is a kind of natural desulfurizing agent, and seagoing vessel is available anywhere, therefore, the coal of high sulfur-bearing during this SMB boiler can burn, the adaptability of coal is wider.
4. description of drawings: Fig. 1, power boiler flow chart peculiar to vessel.The 1st, the moving bed that burning, cold slag and destructive distillation are used, the 2, the 3rd, energy storage bed, the 4th, four-way change-over valve, the 5th, air blast, the 6th, air-introduced machine, the 7th, tar quench tower, the 8th, quench pump, the 9th, circulating fan, the 10th, impact type deslagging fire grate, the 11st, slag crusher, the 12nd, go out pulp pump, the 13rd, control valve, the 14th, air intake valve.
Fig. 2, heat-accumulation moving bed structure chart.The 15th, drum, the 16th, coal briquette import, the 17th, evaporation tube and superheater tube, the 18th, coal briquette, the 19th, accumulation of heat ceramic bead, the 20th, energy storage bed raker stirrer, the 21st, pneumatic impact head, the 22nd, the device of the downward thrust of generation.
Fig. 3, evaporation superheater tube row structure three-dimensional schematic diagram.The 23rd, evaporation tube row, the 24th, overheated tube panel, the 25th, subfeeder, the 26th, rising arm, the 27th, thin grey outlet.Steam-water separator places outside the stove, is not burnt.
5. the specific embodiment
The structure of power boiler peculiar to vessel is divided into boiler master device and Aided Machine two parts.
5.1 the structure of boiler master device:
As shown in Figure 1, boiler master device is made up of moving bed 1 and energy storage bed 2,3,1 both sides is provided with energy storage bed 2,3,2,1,3 be unified into an integral body, 2,1,3 are communicated with the air channel with four-way change-over valve 4, and evaporation tube and superheater tube 17 are divided into left, center, right three components and place moving bed about 1 and centre, each pipe row divides into thin grey outlet 27, eliminating is from falling into the thin ash of overheated tube panel between pipe, drum 15 places outside the stove, forms a boiler.This power boiler title peculiar to vessel is heat-accumulation moving bed boiler.
5.2 the method for operation of power boiler master device peculiar to vessel:
What power boiler peculiar to vessel used is to add the coal briquette that tar adds the high-alumina fly preparation with coal dust on the ship, and powder is preparation by land generally.Coal briquette is full of space in the moving bed 1; under the continuous strike effect of pneumatic impact 21; lime-ash is not cut off; coal briquette slowly moves from the top down, and the variation of destructive distillation, burning, cold slag successively takes place, and moving bed 1 can be divided into retort section, burning zone, cold slag section from top to bottom; be furnished with three groups of evaporation tubes and superheater tube 17 respectively in the burning zone left, center, right; form two configurations that downward flaring is big,, guarantee that lime-ash can not be stuck in the inside as the passage that coal briquette moves down.The high temperature air that heating obtains through energy storage bed enters burning zone and crosses fuel bed, to obtain higher ignition temperature and very high radiant heat transfer speed.
In order to make full use of airborne oxygen and to prevent that overheated burning, middle evaporation tube and superheater tube can be provided with two or three rows, corresponding burning zone and retort section form three or four passages that coal briquette moves down.
The method of operation of boiler is divided into burning and cold slag destructive distillation time period in time, and these two kinds of processes are alternate runs, and in section burning time, air intake valve 14 is opened; circulating fan 9 is shut down, and then opposite in the cold slag destructive distillation time period, 14 close; 5,6 idle running, 9 starts are by program controller control said process.And in section burning time, periodically switching tail gas by four-way change-over valve 4 (is flue gas, because this stove cigarette is colourless, so will rename as tail gas, not to be shown with not) and the flow direction of air, two sit energy storage bed 2,3 alternately accumulation of heat or heat releases, accumulation of heat is will hold back the waste heat of high-temperature tail gas to store, and heat release is to obtain high temperature air more than 600 ℃ with the cold air that the heating of this waste heat is sent into, to obtain higher ignition temperature and very high radiant heat transfer speed, this is the core feature of heat-accumulation moving bed boiler, this feature makes heat-accumulation moving bed boiler be applicable to boats and ships more than the boiler of other types, so be power boiler peculiar to vessel, four-way change-over valve 4 also is to control its cycling service by program controller.Cold slag is in order to improve boiler efficiency, destructive distillation then has anti-tar pickup energy storage bed, obtains required tar and the industrial chemicals triple role of preparation coal briquette, the little air that pneumatic impact 21 discharge air and control valve 13 are put into can consume the coal gas that this period produces, guarantee safety, and keep boiler output.The configuration of boiler master device and Aided Machine is provided with for realizing these functions.
In the cold slag destructive distillation time period; be to discharge the weak burning that little air produced that air and control valve 13 put into by high temperature coal briquettes a large amount of in the stove and pneumatic impact 21 to keep boiler output; boiler output had and weakened this moment; but big ship itself is a huge accumulator; even boiler is ceased fire in short-term fully; ship's speed does not have significant change yet, so the slight in short-term reduction of boiler output can not influence travelling of ship.
5.3 the structure of Aided Machine:
Aided Machine has air blast 5, and air-introduced machine 6 and tar quench tower 7, quench pump 8, circulating fan 9, control valve 13,7,8,9,13 are formed a circulatory system that plays cold slag and destructive distillation effect; Cold slag is in order to improve boiler efficiency, and destructive distillation then has anti-tar pickup energy storage bed, obtains required tar and the industrial chemicals triple role of preparation coal briquette.Pneumatic impact type deslagging grate 10 is arranged at 1 bed bottom, and slag crusher 11 and go out pulp pump 12 is slagged tap to realize waterpower.
The follow-up flow process of water sluice has waterpower to select the device of high-melting-point ash, and the high-melting-point ash is back to system coal briquette operation, in order to burning.
6. economic benefit estimation
By our conservative measuring and calculating, 50,000 tons of SMB merchant ship can be saved the fuel cost (estimation process sees below) more than 1,200,000,000 yuan in the lifetime in 30 years.So, in case the product industrialization forms market, sea-freight market is had the revolutionary character influence, extremely strong competitiveness is arranged in the world, utilize the population development ocean industry of China's abundance, come a big expansion at sea, year economic value added of being created is more than trillion.
The fuel cost estimation that SMB merchant ship contrast diesel ship is saved in the lifetime in 30 years:
With 50,000 tons of diesel ships, the fuel oil expense in the useful life period in 30 years approximately is:
18.3 hundred million yuan of 30 * 4000 * 15000 * 0.190 * 4.8 ≈
In the following formula, 30 for service life by 30 years, 4000 be annual to move 4000 hours, installs 15000 kilowatts 0.190 kilogram of every kilowatt hour oil consumption, 4.8 yuan of calculations of every kilopond diesel oil.
And the fuel cost of SMB boiler turbine ship only has:
900,000,000 yuan of 30 * 4000 * 15000 * 0.190 * 2.41 * 0.8/80% ≈
The value of distillate oil:
2.7 hundred million yuan of 30 * 4000 * 15000 * 0.190 * 2.41 * 0.1 * 3200 ≈
Total hot merit transformation efficiency of the boiler band steam turbine of 15MPa is that 80%, 2.41 of diesel engine is that the calorific value of 2.41 kilograms of coals equals a kg of oil, 0.8 yuan in every kilogram of coal.Illustrate: 2.41 origin, the ratio calculation of calorific value of the Lower heat value of coal and oil: the calorific value of heat energy-distillate oil that the calorific value-moisture content of coal is taken away=5000-0.08*620-0.1*9000=4050 kilocalorie/kilogram, with the calorific value ratio of fuel oil be 9750/4050 ≈ 2.41.(moisture 8% in the standard coal, distillate oil is by 10%.)
Both differ hundred million yuan of 18.3-9+2.7=12.
The fuel cost of saving is up to 64%, and along with skyrocketing of oil price, this numeral also will increase.
7. social benefit
Present technique will lead the fast development of industries such as China's shipbuilding, SMB power boiler peculiar to vessel, sea transport, and new work position number is more than 1,000,000.And the many enterprises on the industrial chain will form year economic value added in the huge enterprise more than trillion, and social benefit and economic benefit are very remarkable.The sea-freight industry that this project led has powerful international competitiveness, to make China become shipbuilding power, for the intellectual property commanding elevation is captured in the strategic industry structural adjustment of our province, if can achieve one's goal, if the SMB power boiler is can industrialization in 5 years, in 10 years of future, the International Maritime Industry of China will take the lead the whole world.
Claims (4)
1. coal fired ship power boiler, as shown in Figure 1, boiler master device is made up of moving bed 1 and energy storage bed 2,3,1 both sides is provided with energy storage bed 2,3,2,1,3 be unified into an integral body, 2,1,3 are communicated with the air channel with four-way change-over valve 4, evaporation tube and superheater tube 17 are divided into left, center, right three components and place moving bed about 1 and centre, each pipe row divides into thin grey outlet 27, see Fig. 3, get rid of, buried by thin ash in case cross heat shielding from falling into the thin ash of overheated tube panel between evaporation tube, drum 15 places outside the stove, forms a boiler.This power boiler title peculiar to vessel is heat-accumulation moving bed boiler.
Aided Machine has air blast 5, and air-introduced machine 6 and tar quench tower 7, quench pump 8, circulating fan 9, control valve 13,7,8,9,13 are formed a circulatory system that plays cold slag and destructive distillation effect; Cold slag is in order to improve boiler efficiency, and destructive distillation then has anti-tar pickup energy storage bed, obtains required tar and the industrial chemicals triple role of preparation coal briquette.Pneumatic impact type deslagging grate 10 is arranged at 1 bed bottom, and slag crusher 11 and go out pulp pump 12 is slagged tap to realize waterpower.
2. claim 1 described coal fired ship power boiler, its energy storage bed are got rid of dust stratification mode feature:
For preventing that flying dust from causing resistance to rise in the energy storage bed inner accumulated, filling is extraordinary porcelain ball 19 in the energy storage bed, and is provided with raker stirrer 20, gets rid of dust stratification to exhaust to stir, and prevents that gas-flow resistance from rising.Our this energy storage bed is different from the honeycomb heat accumulation body of the HTAC technology of existing burning gas or oil fully, and that honeycomb heat accumulation body is a fixed bed, does not stir, and bed can not move, and does not get rid of the dust stratification ability, can not be used for burning coal or other solid fuels.
Energy storage bed also has an effect, tackle exactly flying dust from the ash disposal ability, raker stirrer 20 exhausts rotation between being, it is just moving to flow into the period at air, allows dust stratification drop to slag bucket and is washed away by water; Motionless in the tail gas outflow period, waft to smokestack with tail gas with anti-gray.Like this, energy storage bed just has the function of deduster, and deduster need not be set again.
3. claim 1 described coal fired ship power boiler, its sintering cinder discharge method feature is:
Shown in the profilograph of accompanying drawing 2, the heat-accumulation moving bed furnace wall, both sides of whole seat is the big configuration of downward flaring (passage that heavy line surrounded among the figure), guarantees that lime-ash can not be stuck in the inside; The device 22 that produces downward thrust also is housed, the auxiliary in case of necessity slag that pushes away on the furnace roof; Some pneumatic impacts 21 are housed on the impact type deslagging fire grate, drop in the following slag crusher broken in order to the slag that smashes bulk, wash away with the waterpower that goes out pulp pump 12, wet concentration goes out the blending of high-melting-point ash makes high ash melting point in coal coal briquette and is back to this stove in passing again.Pneumatic impact 21 effects in addition are exactly to shake the outer grieshoch that generates of coal briquette down at any time, expose fixed carbon to the open air with continual renovation, and are complete in order to burning, and reduce the cinder bonding.
4. claim 1 described coal fired ship power boiler, the function Characteristics of its oil quench tower and circulating fan is:
The tar quench tower is used for spraying and washes the tar that circulating air contains, and this tar is from the coal briquette destructive distillation, in order to avoid tar hinders ash discharge after the energy storage bed condensation, and is able to comprehensive utilization of resources, and the preparation coal briquette process of boiler some tar of also will using up.
Circulating fan is the power of driving gas circulation, because oxygen is consumed in burning zone fully, this recyclegas is N substantially
2Gas and a small amount of coal gas are with cold slag of this strand air-flow and destructive distillation coal briquette.The a small amount of coal gas that is produced can be burnt in burning zone by the pneumatic air that impacts the head discharge, can not accumulate, not the sorrow of blast.
Cold slag is in order to improve boiler efficiency, and destructive distillation then has anti-tar pickup energy storage bed, obtains required tar and the industrial chemicals triple role of preparation coal briquette.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104279543A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-14 | 日立造船株式会社 | Furnace system |
| CN104832946A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-12 | 北京矿大节能科技有限公司 | Extremely-low-concentration coal mine gas boiler reversing controlling method |
| CN106247360A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2016-12-21 | 东键飞能源科技(上海)有限公司 | A kind of kiln heat accumulation chamber of automatic ash-removing |
| CN107388451A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-24 | 云南师范大学 | A kind of new no storage battery off-network directly drives family photovoltaic air-conditioning system |
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2011
- 2011-07-11 CN CN2011101963915A patent/CN102287798A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104279543A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-14 | 日立造船株式会社 | Furnace system |
| CN104279543B (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2018-09-28 | 日立造船株式会社 | Boiler system |
| CN104832946A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-08-12 | 北京矿大节能科技有限公司 | Extremely-low-concentration coal mine gas boiler reversing controlling method |
| CN106247360A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2016-12-21 | 东键飞能源科技(上海)有限公司 | A kind of kiln heat accumulation chamber of automatic ash-removing |
| CN107388451A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-24 | 云南师范大学 | A kind of new no storage battery off-network directly drives family photovoltaic air-conditioning system |
| CN107388451B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2023-09-19 | 云南师范大学 | Novel no battery is from net direct-drive household photovoltaic air conditioning system |
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Application publication date: 20111221 |