CN102285183A - Polymer double-layer self-supporting film and application in preparation of actuator - Google Patents

Polymer double-layer self-supporting film and application in preparation of actuator Download PDF

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CN102285183A
CN102285183A CN2011101089589A CN201110108958A CN102285183A CN 102285183 A CN102285183 A CN 102285183A CN 2011101089589 A CN2011101089589 A CN 2011101089589A CN 201110108958 A CN201110108958 A CN 201110108958A CN 102285183 A CN102285183 A CN 102285183A
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paa
decker
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CN102285183B (en
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孙俊奇
马莹
张媛媛
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a polymer double-layer self-supporting film prepared on the basis of layer-by-layer assembly technique and the application thereof in preparation of an actuator. The polymer double-layer self-supporting film is prepared through the steps of: firstly preparing a (PAA/PAH)n/NOA63 double-layer structure film on a substrate, and then stripping the film from the substrate. By taking the advantages of high Young modulus and high water-adsorption expansion ratio of the thermal cross-linked (PAA/PAH)n film and utilizing the responsive difference on humidity of the NOA63 film, an actuator which can respond to stimulation quickly is realized, and further a humidity driving micro traveling device is prepared; and when the micro traveling device bears a load which is 120 times self weight of the actuator, and the relative humidity of the environment is periodically changed from 11 percent to 40 percent, the micro traveling device can travel stably on a substrate with a ratchet structure. Therefore, people realizes that the layer-by-layer assembled polymer double-layer self-supporting film has an important prospect in design of the actuator.

Description

Polymer double-decker self-supporting film and the application aspect the preparation actuator
Technical field
The invention belongs to layer assembly self-supporting membrane technology field, be specifically related to a kind of based on laminated assembling technology preparation polymer double-decker self-supporting film and this film in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
Background technology
Through people's effort of more than ten years, the layer assembly film has been realized function and the potential application at aspects such as separation, catalysis, photoelectricity and surface modifications.But owing to the layer assembly film is deposited on the solid substrate usually, so the performance of layer assembly film is subjected to the influence of the substrate of depending on to a great extent.It is more convenient that the performance that the appearance of layer assembly self-supporting film is then studied multilayer film for people provides, and also widened the application of layer assembly film at aspects such as separation, catalysis, photoelectricity and sensors simultaneously.
The layer assembly polymer film can perception environmental stimuli generation volume variation, but owing to the layer assembly polymer film is deposited on the non deformable solid substrate usually, so the layer assembly polymer film never is subject to people's attention in the function aspect the actuator (actuators).The layer assembly polymer film is peeled off from substrate, just make the layer assembly polymer film not be subjected to the constraint of substrate for the response of environmental stimuli, can realize that assembling film produces the motion in two and three dimensions space for environmental stimuli, thereby carry out of the application of layer assembly polymer film at aspects such as actuator, micro-mechanical device even biologic-organs.
At present, although people prepared can perception various stimulations actuator, but can realize quick response, and the preparation of the physics that environmental stimuli is produced or the chemical energy actuator that is converted into mechanical movement efficiently but faces great challenge to stimulating.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of polymer double-decker self-supporting film based on laminated assembling technology preparation, and provides this self-supporting film in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator with high load capability.
In the present invention, we utilize the PAA/PAH film of the heat cross-linking of ion stripping means preparation to have high Young's modulus and big expansion rate of water absorption simultaneously, and owing to the PAA/PAH film is made of hydrophilic polyelectrolyte, and the thickness of film is little, shrinks so the PAA/PAH film of heat cross-linking can be realized imbibition fast and dehydration.Utilize the These characteristics of the PAA/PAH film of heat cross-linking, we have prepared the double-decker self-supporting film that is made of polymer fully, it can be used to prepare actuator, humidity responds and the actuator of infrared response especially for preparing, and has prepared the travel incognito walking apparatus of humidity driving and infrared driving based on this.The travel incognito walking apparatus that humidity drives can be when heavy burden reaches 120 times of weight of actuator own, when envionmental humidity under 11% and 40% cycle changes, can walking fast on the substrate of ratchet structure arranged.The travel incognito walking apparatus of infrared driving can under infrared ray drives, can have walking fast on the substrate of ratchet structure when heavy burden reaches 22 times of weight of actuator own.
Layer assembly double-decker self-supporting film of the present invention, it is prepared by following steps:
1. base treatment: with substrate (glass, quartz, monocrystalline silicon or mica) use successively the different solvent of 3~5 kinds of polarity according to solvent polarity from small to large the order of (as using toluene, acetone, chloroform, second alcohol and water successively) clean, then the hydrophiling of carrying out substrate surface is boiled in substrate (volume ratio is 3: 7) heating in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, immerse again in the polyamine class material (as: polyvinyl imines, poly dimethyl allyl ammonium salt hydrochlorate etc.) after substrate washing dries up, make its surface lotus that becomes positively charged;
2. the preparation of solution: compound concentration is that 0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL, pH value are 2.5~4.0 polyacrylic acid (PAA) aqueous solution; Compound concentration is that 0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL, pH value are 6.5~8.5 (with NaOH (0.1M~3M) solution and HCl (0.1M~3M) solution is reconciled the pH of solution) PAH (PAH) aqueous solution;
3. the preparation of self-assembled multilayer film: a) finishing is had the substrate of positive charge soak 5~30min in polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution, 0.3~3min cleans in the taking-up back immersion water; B) then substrate is immersed in again 5~30min in PAH (PAH) solution, 0.3~3min cleans in the taking-up back immersion water; Repeat in turn above-mentioned a) and b) two processes n time, thereby in substrate, prepare (PAA/PAH) *N self-assembled multilayer film, the thickness of film are 500nm~3 μ m;
4. the preparation of polymer double-decker self-supporting film: a) with (PAA/PAH) *The n self-assembled multilayer film is at 80~180 ℃ of following heat cross-linking 2~12h; B) (PAA/PAH) after crosslinked *Spin coating ultra-violet curing glue on the n self-assembled multilayer film (as Permabond, NOA63, U-426B, ultra-violet curing glue such as U-1455), spin speed is 2500r/min~5000r/min, and the spin coating time is 0.5~3min, the ultra-violet curing layer thickness be 2 μ m~20 μ m; C) use the ultraviolet source of 50W~300W in distance (PAA/PAH) * Distance irradiation 1~5min of n self-assembled multilayer film 5~15cm, curing is spin-coated on (PAA/PAH) *The ultra-violet curing glue on n self-assembled multilayer film surface; D) will cover (PAA/PAH) *The substrate of n/ ultra-violet curing glue double-decker film was soaked in the acidic aqueous solution of pH=1.0~4.0 3~8 minutes, (PAA/PAH) *Carboxylic acid ion-COO of PAA in the n self-assembled multilayer film -By H +Protonated, thus destroyed (PAA/PAH) *The electrostatic interaction of script between ground floor PAA and the substrate decorative layer PDDA makes (PAA/PAH) in the n self-assembled multilayer film *N/ ultra-violet curing glue double-decker film separates with substrate, thereby obtains large-area polymer double-decker self-supporting film.
Good effect of the present invention is:
The PAA/PAH multilayer film has big linear humidity expansion coefficient and absorbs and discharge the ability of water fast in the self-supporting film, ultra-violet curing glue then has very little linear humidity expansion coefficient, it is the polymer of humidity inertia, double-decker to the response difference of water cause this self-supporting film can be fast to external world the variation of humidity produce three-dimensional bending motion, can be used as the sensor of good humidity response, the good mechanical performance of polymer makes this self-supporting film to keep three-dimensional motion under the situation of bearing a heavy burden simultaneously, is used as actuator and is applied to the travel incognito walking apparatus.Consider that the layer assembly film can carry out the response of Volume Changes to multiple environmental stimuli, we think can design various types of actuators based on the polyelectrolyte self-supporting film of layer assembly and based on the micro-mechanical device of these actuators.This work also will make people recognize that the composite membrane of polymer of layer assembly has important prospect in the actuator design.
Description of drawings
(PAA/PAH) of Fig. 1: embodiment 1 preparation *The profile of the electron scanning micrograph (SEM) of 30/NOA 63 layer assembly self-supporting films, the each several part name is called: ultra-violet curing glue NOA63 layer 1, (PAA/PAH) of heat cross-linking *30 layer 2, monocrystal silicon substrate 3;
The area of Fig. 2: embodiment 1 preparation is 3.0 * 4.0cm 2(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA 63 layer assembly self-supporting film photos (the clip weight of self-supporting film below is 4.0g, illustrates that film has good mechanical performance);
(PAA/PAH) of the heat cross-linking of Fig. 3: embodiment 1 preparation *The stress-strain diagram of NOA 63 films behind 30 films and the ultra-violet curing;
Fig. 4: embodiment 2 preparations are of a size of 0.5 * 0.8cm 2(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA 63 actuators are the crooked and time dependent photo of stretching routine under humidity change situation, and the humidity of left column diagrammatic sketch is changed to 5%RH by 12%RH, and the right side lists figure humidity and changed to 12%RH by 5%RH;
Fig. 5: when humidity from 12%RH to 5%RH change (last figure) and when humidity from 5%RH during to 12%RH variation (figure below), (PAA/PAH) that embodiment 2 prepares *The time dependent curve of angle of bend of 30/NOA 63 brakes; As seen from the figure, (PAA/PAH) *30/NOA 63 duplicatures always reach 57 ° of deflection angle maximums through 4s, always are returned to original position through 8s;
The structural representation of the travel incognito walking apparatus of Fig. 6: embodiment 3 preparations; (upper strata is crosslinked PAA/PAH film 2 by actuator; Lower floor is 63 layer 1 of the NOA of ultra-violet curing) form with phthalic acid glycol ester (PET) claw 4 at two ends;
Fig. 7: when humidity from 11% to 40% change procedure, the travel incognito walking apparatus that the humidity of embodiment 3 preparations drives is having the schematic diagram that moves in the polyethylene of ratchet (PE) substrate, used ratchet is to form by making by hand, it is identical with the running gear direction of advance along the stubble direction, contrary stubble direction is opposite with direction of advance, the cell width average out to 0.9mm of ratchet; The wide 4.3mm of actuator, long 2.0mm, travel incognito walking apparatus moving direction for from right to left;
The travel incognito walking apparatus that the humidity of Fig. 8: embodiment 3 preparations drives is at the up exploded view of walking to move of the substrate that has ratchet;
Photo when the travel incognito walking apparatus carrying of Fig. 9: embodiment 3 preparations is 120 times of weight walkings of actuator;
The motion of travel incognito walking apparatus on planar substrates of the infrared driving of Figure 10: embodiment 4 preparations be photo over time; Ambient humidity is 35%, and double-decker self-supporting film is of a size of 4.5 * 2.3mm 2, the PET paw sizes is 4.5 * 4.0mm 2
The specific embodiment
Below further illustrate concrete enforcement of the present invention and result by some examples, rather than to limit the present invention with these examples.
Embodiment 1:(PAA/PAH) *The preparation of 30/NOA 63 duplicatures and mechanical performance characterize.
The order that monocrystal silicon substrate uses 5 kinds of different solvents of polarity (promptly to use toluene, acetone, chloroform, second alcohol and water successively) from small to large according to solvent polarity is successively cleaned, then the hydrophiling of carrying out substrate surface is boiled in substrate (volume ratio is 3: 7) heating in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide; Immerse again in the poly dimethyl allyl ammonium salt hydrochlorate after afterwards monocrystal silicon substrate washing being dried up, make its surface lotus that becomes positively charged.
Compound concentration is that 1mg/mL, pH value are 3.5 polyacrylic acid (PAA) aqueous solution; Compound concentration is that 1mg/mL, pH value are 7.5[reconciles solution with NaOH (0.1M) solution and HCl (0.1M) solution pH] PAH (PAH) aqueous solution.
Then finishing there is the monocrystal silicon substrate of positive charge a) in polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution, to soak 20min, takes out after washing 4 times, each 1min; B) then this substrate is immersed in 20min in PAH (PAH) solution again, takes out after washing 4 times, each 1min; Repeat above-mentioned a) and b) process totally 30 times, thereby in substrate, obtain (PAA/PAH) *30 self-assembled multilayer films.
With (PAA/PAH) *30 self-assembled multilayer films are heat cross-linking 7h under 120 ℃ of temperature, then (PAA/PAH) after crosslinked *Surperficial spin coating one deck ultra-violet curing glue NOA63 of 30 self-assembled multilayer films, preparation condition is 3000r/min spin coating 3min, the ultraviolet source with 250W shines 5min in the distance of distance ultra-violet curing glue NOA63 film 10cm then, makes to be spin-coated on (PAA/PAH) *The NOA63 film on 30 self-assembled multilayer film surfaces solidifies, thereby obtains (PAA/PAH) on monocrystal silicon substrate *30/NOA63 double-decker film; To be covered in (PAA/PAH) on the monocrystal silicon substrate again *30/NOA63 double-decker film was soaked in the HCl aqueous solution of pH=2.0 30 minutes, and the proton in the HCl aqueous solution can destroy (PAA/PAH) *The interaction of 30/NOA63 double-decker film and monocrystal silicon substrate, thereby with (PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker film strips down from substrate 3, and obtaining area is 4.3 * 3.2cm 2(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film (as shown in Figure 1, 2).
Before the curing, ultra-violet curing glue NOA63 has very high viscosity, can with (PAA/PAH) *30 self-assembled multilayer films are closely linked, and solidify in back and the ion stripping process at UV-irradiation all to keep such state that fits tightly (fitting tightly between the parts 1 and 2 in as Fig. 1).In film (PAA/PAH) *30 layers of thickness with 63 layers of NOA are respectively 1.79 ± 0.01 μ m and 10.37 ± 0.06 μ m, (PAA/PAH) of heat cross-linking *The fracture strength of 30 self-assembled multilayer films and Young's modulus are respectively 96 ± 3MPa and 4.1 ± 0.1GPa, and the fracture strength of NOA 63 films of photo-crosslinking and Young's modulus are respectively 81 ± 7MPa and 4.0 ± 0.5GPa (as Fig. 3), and (PAA/PAH) is described *30 layers and NOA63 layer all have good mechanical performance.
Embodiment 2:(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA 63 ELECTRODE WITH BILAYER POLYMERIC thing film preparation humidity sensor films
With a 0.5 * 0.8cm 2(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film lies against on the filter paper, and an end of self-supporting film is fixed on the filter paper with double faced adhesive tape, makes (PAA/PAH) in the double-decker self-supporting film *30 self-assembled multilayer films are positioned at the top of NOA63 layer.
When environment temperature remains unchanged, humidity becomes 5%RH (by the N of drying by 12%RH 2Air-flow is realized the reduction of ambient humidity, N 2Flow velocity be 0.2m 3/ h, needed time<9s), as Fig. 4 left column from top to bottom shown in, when ambient humidity reduces, double-decker film top changes responsive (PAA/PAH) to humidity *The rapid dehydration of 30 self-assembled multilayer films is shunk, and the NOA63 layer of below is an inertia to the response of humidity, and tangible Volume Changes does not take place, and makes double-decker self-supporting film bend towards (PAA/PAH) by the NOA63 layer thereby produce an internal stress *30 self-assembled multilayer films.When the response time is 9s (humidity is 5%RH), 180 ° bending has taken place to be about in double-decker self-supporting film.(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film is a reciprocal movement to the response bending of humidity.(needed time<27s), internal stress disappears, and a contrary bending motion can take place double-decker self-supporting film, is returned to initial flattened state by original case of bending when ambient humidity returns to 12%RH by 5%RH.This process is lasted 27s, is 3 times (shown in Fig. 4 right side is listed as from top to bottom) of response bending motion spended time.(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film is not only reversible to the 3D motion of humidity response, and has very high repeatability.As shown in Figure 5, repeatedly monitor same (PAA/PAH) *The response bending motion that 30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film takes place when 12%RH fades to 5%RH in humidity (we represent its degree of crook with the deflection angle of self-supporting film), draw the deflection angle (angle of film and horizontal plane) of double-decker film and the curve of response time, in 4 experiments, deflection angle reaches time of 57 ° and all is about 4s, visible (PAA/PAH) *The 30/NOA63 film is to the good repeatability of response bending motion tool of humidity.
Embodiment 3:(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film is used to prepare travel incognito walking apparatus and delivery robot as the actuator of humidity response
At (PAA/PAH) *In the 30/NOA 63 double-decker self-supporting films, (PAA/PAH) *30 films are (parts 1) on the upper strata, the NOA63 film is at lower floor (parts 2), the claw (parts 4) that two Polyethylene Terephthalateses (PET) thin slice is made is fixed with double faced adhesive tape in two ends, prepared the travel incognito walking apparatus that humidity drives, as shown in Figure 6, wherein the size of double-decker film actuator is 4.3 * 2.0mm 2, weight is 0.3mg, each claw is of a size of 4.3 * 4.0mm 2Weight is 3.5mg.The process of this device walking is as shown in Figure 7: in the environment of relative humidity 40%RH, the double-decker film actuator in the travel incognito walking apparatus is because (PAA/PAH) *30 layers imbibition and bend to arch.When humidity is reduced to 11%RH, (PAA/PAH) *30 layers of dehydration are shunk, and actuator becomes tiling from arch, but because back leg is then blocked by suprabasil ratchet, can not retreat, and ratchet only allows the foreleg of travel incognito walking apparatus to travel forward (1 → 2 → 3), so this travel incognito walking apparatus steps a nearly step forward; When humidity is increased to 40%RH by 11%RH again, (PAA/PAH) *30 layers of imbibition once more, actuator becomes arch by tiling, but its foreleg is blocked by suprabasil ratchet, the back leg of travel incognito walking apparatus travels forward (3 → 4 → 5) at this moment, and (used here ratchet is to form by making by hand, it is identical with the running gear direction of advance along the stubble direction, and contrary stubble direction is opposite with direction of advance).When ambient humidity alternately changes between 40%RH and 11%RH, just the travel incognito walking apparatus is along the direction of ratchet travel forward (as Fig. 8).In the experiment, we find that when ambient humidity alternately changed, this travel incognito walking apparatus can carry the load of 120 times of weight of actuator, and still can steer a steady course (as Fig. 9) between 40%RH and 11%RH.As seen utilize (PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film can be used for preparation delivery robot as the actuator of humidity response.
Embodiment 4:(PAA/PAH) *30/NOA63 double-decker self-supporting film is used to prepare remote controlled travel incognito walking apparatus and delivery robot as the actuator of infrared response
The preparation method of the travel incognito walking apparatus that humidity drives among the preparation of the travel incognito walking apparatus of infrared driving and the embodiment 3 is identical.The travel incognito walking apparatus of infrared driving is placed on the substrate that black hardboard makes, when humidity is 35%RH, the double-decker film (PAA/PAH) in the middle of the robot *30/NOA63 upwards arches upward, and this is because the crosslinked PAA/PAH film suction swelling on double-decker film upper strata.With near infrared laser (I=1.5A, P=0.9605W) the irradiation double-decker membrane portions of a 808nm, crosslinked PAA/PAH film absorbs infrared photon, and the heat of generation shrinks film, impels robot to put down and lies prone in substrate, shown in the delegation above Figure 10.Response time and lag time are respectively 6s and 1s, illustrate that the 3D motion of infrared driving is very sensitive.When removing light source, a return motion can take place in robot, and the time of the about 30s of process is got back to initial conditions.Under the ambient humidity of 35%RH, infrared light can make it hocket and put down the motion of lying prone, arching upward the irradiation repeatedly of double-decker film, and at the substrate that has suitable ratchet, the travel incognito walking apparatus of this infrared driving can be realized walking forward.Double-decker self-supporting film (PAA/PAH) *The quality of the weight of 30/NOA63 load is 6.7mg, is equivalent to 22 times of the own quality of short fortune device.Experiment confirm, the walking of the remote controlled delivery of infrared light supply robot.Because light source is clean energy resource, have easy regulation and control, remote controlled characteristics, therefore this polymer self-supporting film is having bright prospects aspect the robot of preparation Long-distance Control.

Claims (10)

1. polymer double-decker self-supporting film, it is prepared by following steps:
1) base treatment: substrate is cleaned according to solvent polarity order from small to large with 3~5 kinds of different solvents of polarity successively, then substrate is heated in the mixed solution of the concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide and boil the hydrophiling of carrying out substrate surface, again the substrate washing is dried up the back and immerse in the polyamine class material, make positive charge in its finishing;
2) preparation of solution: compound concentration is that 0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL, pH value are 2.5~4.0 the polyacrylic acid PAA aqueous solution; Compound concentration is that 0.5mg/mL~3mg/mL, pH value are 6.5~8.5 PAH PAH aqueous solution again;
3) preparation of self-assembled multilayer film: a) finishing is had the substrate of positive charge soak 5~30min in polyacrylic acid PAA solution, 0.3~3min cleans in the taking-up back immersion water; B) substrate is immersed in the PAH PAH solution again soaks 5~30min then, take out the back and immerse that 0.3~3min cleans in the water; Repeat in turn above-mentioned a) and b) two processes n time, thereby in substrate, prepare (PAA/PAH) * n self-assembled multilayer film, the thickness of film is 500nm~3 μ m;
4) preparation of polymer double-decker self-supporting film: a) with (PAA/PAH) * n self-assembled multilayer film at 80~180 ℃ of following heat cross-linking 2~12h; B) spin coating ultra-violet curing glue-line on (PAA/PAH) * n self-assembled multilayer film after crosslinked, spin speed is 2500r/min~5000r/min, and the spin coating time is 0.5~3min, and the thickness of ultra-violet curing glue-line is 2 μ m~20 μ m; C) ultraviolet source with 50W~300W shines 1~5min in the distance of distance (PAA/PAH) * n self-assembled multilayer film 5~15cm, solidifies the ultra-violet curing glue-line that is spin-coated on (PAA/PAH) * n self-assembled multilayer film surface; D) substrate that will cover (PAA/PAH) * n/ ultra-violet curing glue double-decker film was soaked in the acidic aqueous solution of pH=1.0~4.0 3~8 minutes, (PAA/PAH) * n/ ultra-violet curing glue double-decker film is separated with substrate, thereby obtain large-area polymer double-decker self-supporting film.
2. a kind of polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: substrate is glass, quartz, monocrystalline silicon or mica.
3. a kind of polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: polyamine class material is polyvinyl imines or poly dimethyl allyl ammonium salt hydrochlorate.
4. any one described polymer double-decker self-supporting film of claim 1~3 is in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
5. polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the actuator that is used to prepare the humidity response in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
6. polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the travel incognito walking apparatus that is used to prepare the humidity response in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
7. polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the delivery robot that is used to prepare the humidity response in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
8. polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the actuator that is used to prepare infrared response in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
9. polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the travel incognito walking apparatus that is used to prepare infrared response in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
10. polymer double-decker self-supporting film as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the delivery robot that is used to prepare infrared response in the application that is used to prepare aspect the actuator.
CN 201110108958 2011-04-28 2011-04-28 Polymer double-layer self-supporting film and application in preparation of actuator Expired - Fee Related CN102285183B (en)

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