CN102284691A - Vacuum casting device - Google Patents
Vacuum casting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102284691A CN102284691A CN201010601792XA CN201010601792A CN102284691A CN 102284691 A CN102284691 A CN 102284691A CN 201010601792X A CN201010601792X A CN 201010601792XA CN 201010601792 A CN201010601792 A CN 201010601792A CN 102284691 A CN102284691 A CN 102284691A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- releasing agent
- machine
- casting device
- vacuum casting
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 82
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- VRAIHTAYLFXSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3].[AlH3] VRAIHTAYLFXSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HZZOEADXZLYIHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesiomagnesium Chemical compound [Mg][Mg] HZZOEADXZLYIHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
- B22D17/145—Venting means therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
- B22D17/10—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled with horizontal press motion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
A vacuum casting device (1) possesses a die (10), a pole tuck (3), a vacuum pump (4), a release agent recovering machine (5) and a cooling device (50). In the die, inner surface of the chamber (C) is coated with a release agent (14). The pole tuck (3) supplies melting liquid (M) to the chamber (C) from a melting liquid pot (31). The vacuum pump (4) sucks the gas (G) in the chamber (C) including the gasified release agent (14) out. The release agent recovering machine (5) connects the distributing pipe (102) from the die (10) to the vacuum pump (4), the gas (G) is conducted by the distributing pipe (102) to generate a spiral whirling gas flow (S) from the bottom sucking port (51) to the top gas outlet (52). The release agent recovering machine (5) separates the liquefied release agent (14) by the centrifugal force of the spiral whirling gas flow (S), and the residual gas is discharged from the gas outlet (52). The cooling device (50) possesses a cooling pipe (501) winding on the outer peripheral wall (54) of the release agent recovering machine (5), and the cooling agent (A) is cycled in the cooling pipe (501), thereby the outer peripheral wall (54) is cooled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vacuum casting device that on mould, is coated with releasing agent.
Background technology
In the die casting that utilizes mould to cast (die-cast) moulding, sometimes at the inner surface coating releasing agent of the cavity (cavity) of mould.There is following casting device: when supplying with releasing agent, make the cavity decompression, and the releasing agent of liquid mist (mist) change is supplied in the cavity with powdered mold release agents or by atomising device with vavuum pump (vacuum pump).In any casting device, remaining releasing agent all is recovered to the low pressure between the vavuum pump (cyclone) formula releasing agent recovery machine by being arranged on mould.
As existing document, there is Japanese publication communique spy to open 2007-69218 communique and No. 2927925 specification of Japan Patent.
When the higher metal material of casting temperature condition was cast, because the design temperature of mould before the casting and liquation (moltenmetal) is higher, thereby the releasing agent that is coated on the mould evaporated easily.Releasing agent after the evaporation raises the pressure in the cavity.Therefore, liquation is flowed equably in mould, need to attract continuously to comprise the steaming mood of releasing agent at interior gas (gas) with vacuum tank (vacuum tank), vavuum pump.At this moment, if the temperature of the gas that is attracted is higher, then when the casting device long-time continuous was moved, releasing agent reclaimed the machine temperature and also rises gradually.Its result, releasing agent keeps the state of steam and passes through from releasing agent recovery machine, thereby can not reclaim efficiently.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of vacuum casting device that releasing agent reclaims machine that has, when the design temperature of mould and liquation is higher, also can reclaim releasing agent efficiently even this releasing agent reclaims machine.
The vacuum casting device of example has: mould, plunger (plunger), vavuum pump, releasing agent reclaim machine and cooling device.Mould has the cavity that is used for cast product, and is coated with releasing agent at the inner surface of this cavity.Plunger is supplied with liquation from the liquation jar of the liquation that stores metal material to cavity.Vavuum pump is that the downstream of the liquation stream of upstream links to each other by pipe arrangement and plunger side with mould, and inside cavity comprised releasing agent after the gasification in interior gas sucking-off.Releasing agent recovery machine be connected from the mould to the vavuum pump pipe arrangement midway, and produce from the air entry of bottom towards the helical form of the exhaust outlet on the top stream that circles round by gas by the guiding of this pipe arrangement.The circle round centrifugal force releasing agent that will liquefy of stream of releasing agent recovery machine utilization separates, and residual gas is discharged from exhaust outlet.Cooling device has the cooling tube on the periphery wall that is wound on releasing agent recovery machine, and cold-producing medium is circulated in this cooling tube, thereby periphery wall is cooled off.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the vacuum casting device of expression the 1st example.
Fig. 2 is the profile that reclaims the vertical direction of machine along releasing agent shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the profile that reclaims the horizontal direction of machine along releasing agent shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is the profile that the releasing agent of the vacuum casting device of expression the 2nd example reclaims machine.
Fig. 5 is the profile that the releasing agent of the vacuum casting device of expression the 3rd example reclaims machine.
The specific embodiment
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 3 the vacuum casting device of the 1st example is described.Vacuum casting device 1 shown in Figure 1 has mould 10, plunger 3, liquation jar (molten metal tank) 31, attracts pipe arrangement 102, valve (valve) 103, vavuum pump 4, vacuum tank 40, releasing agent to reclaim machine 5, cooling device 50 and control device 6.Mould 10 is divided into the 1st mould 11 and the 2nd mould 12 along the cut-off rule of goods.The 1st mould 11 and the 2nd mould 12 have the 1st die joint 111 and the 2nd die joint 121 at the place, composition surface.The 1st die joint 111 and the 2nd die joint 121 are by lumping together the cavity C that is formed for cast product with the 1st mould 11 and the 2nd mould 12.Inner surface at this cavity C is coated with releasing agent 14.Mould 10 has liquation supply port 2 and the suction outlet 101 that is communicated with cavity C.
As shown in Figure 1, plunger 3 links to each other with the liquation jar 31 of the liquation M that stores metal material.The outlet 32 of plunger 3 is connected with liquation supply port 2, supplies with liquation M from liquation jar 31 to cavity C.If the plunger side of mould 10 that will be provided with liquation supply port 2 is as the upstream, then suction outlet 101 is disposed at the downstream of liquation stream.Vavuum pump 4 is connected with suction outlet 101 by attracting pipe arrangement 102.To the attraction pipe arrangement 102 between the vavuum pump 4, begin to be equipped with successively valve 103, releasing agent recovery machine 5 and vacuum tank 40 at suction outlet 101 from suction outlet 101 sides.
The stream that valve 103 will arrive vavuum pump 4 is communicated with or cut-out.Vacuum tank 40 has with cavity C compares enough big volume with the volume sum that releasing agent reclaims machine 5.Vacuum tank 40 utilizes vavuum pump 4 and reduces pressure, and opens valve 103 and is communicated with cavity C, thereby ceaselessly cavity C inside comprised releasing agent 14 after the gasification in interior gas G sucking-off.If the gas G in the enough sucking-off cavitys of the exhaust capacity of vavuum pump 4 C then also can not be provided with vacuum tank 40.
As shown in Figure 1, releasing agent reclaim machine 5 be connected from mould 10 to vavuum pump 4 attraction pipe arrangement 102 midway, valve 103 and the vacuum tank 40.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, releasing agent reclaims machine 5 and has air entry 51 in the bottom, has exhaust outlet 52 on top.In addition, releasing agent recovery machine 5 has filter 53 at air entry 51 between the exhaust outlet 52.The inner surface that reclaims the periphery wall 54 of machine 5 along releasing agent by the gas G that attracts pipe arrangement 102 guiding produces from the air entry 51 of bottom towards the helical form of the exhaust outlet 52 on the top stream S that circles round.Air entry 51 and exhaust outlet 52 along the inner surface of periphery wall 54 and the stream S that circles round towards opening.
When valve 103 was opened, the gas G in the cavity C ceaselessly flowed into releasing agent and reclaims machine 5.Releasing agent recovery machine 5 separates the releasing agent that has liquefied among this gas G 14 with the centrifugal force of the stream S that circles round.The periphery wall 54 that releasing agent shown in Fig. 1 and 2 reclaims machine 5 is to the more and more littler taper shape of upper diameter from the bottom.The stream S that circles round of gas G is along with diminishing gradually near exhaust outlet 52 radiuss of turn, and rotating speed also increases.Its result, the releasing agent 14 that particle diameter is little also is recovered.Gas after releasing agent 14 is separated is discharged from vavuum pump 4 via attracting pipe arrangement 102 and vacuum tank 40 from exhaust outlet 52.The mud shape thing D that releasing agent 14 grades that reclaimed are trapped in the bottom discharges from bottom tray 55.
That is, colder cold-producing medium A offers the lower gas G of temperature, absorbed the heat of gas G and become warm cold-producing medium A before flowing to the bottom, and offer the higher gas G of temperature.Since make cold-producing medium A with respect to the difference that reclaims the temperature of the gas G that flows to exhaust outlet 52 in the machine 5 from air entry 51 at releasing agent remain certain more than, thereby the efficient that gas G is cooled off is higher.Under the situation of the vacuum casting device 1 of the 1st example, as shown in Figure 3, the cooling tube 501 of cooling device 50 is wound into cold-producing medium A flows along the direction of rotation opposite with the direction of rotation of the stream S that circles round of gas G, this gas G reclaims in the machine 5 at releasing agent and flows.By such configuration cooling tube 501 refrigerating gas G efficiently.Its result, the releasing agent among the gas G condenses easily, has improved the organic efficiency of releasing agent.
As shown in Figure 1, control device 6 is connected with valve 103, circulating pump 502, vavuum pump 4 and plunger 3 and their action is controlled.Control device 6 according to be installed in mold temperature sensor 104 on the mould 10, be located at melt temperature sensor 33 on the liquation jar 31, the measured value separately that is located at the pressure gauge 41 on the vacuum tank 40 controls.
The vacuum casting device 1 of Gou Chenging is controlled circulating pump 502 and vavuum pump 4 according to the liquation feed speed of the measured value of mold temperature sensor 104 and melt temperature sensor 33, the plunger 3 that sets and the aperture of valve 103 as above.Thus, can reclaim in the machine 5 releasing agent 14 efficiently from from the gas G of cavity C sucking-off, separating at releasing agent.In addition, Fig. 1 is an example of vacuum casting device 1, is not defined in the device that records each structure especially, allows to increase configuration variation and other structure of each structure.
Reclaiming machine 5 with reference to the releasing agent of the vacuum casting device 1 of 4 pairs the 2nd examples of figure describes.The shape of the periphery wall 54 of releasing agent recovery machine 5 shown in Figure 4 is different with the releasing agent recovery machine 5 of the 1st example.In the 2nd example, as shown in Figure 4, the periphery wall 54 that releasing agent reclaims machine 5 is the increasing taper shape of diameter from the lower to the upper.Other structure of vacuum casting device 1 is identical with the structure of the vacuum casting device 1 shown in the 1st example.Therefore, for the structure shown in Fig. 4 with identical function, the symbol that mark is identical with the structure of the 1st example, and omit explanation here.The structure of the vacuum casting device 1 that does not show in Fig. 4 in addition, is the record and the accompanying drawing of reference the 1st example as required.
When flow velocity one timing of reclaiming the gas G that flows in the machine 5 at the releasing agent that constitutes as shown in Figure 4, S is very fast in the less bottom rotary speed of radius of gyration for its stream that circles round, and is slower in the top rotary speed that radius of gyration is bigger.Just higher from the gas G temperature from air entry 51 discharges of cavity C sucking-off, releasing agent 14 can not condense yet.That is to say that the particle diameter of the releasing agent 14 that is contained among the gas G is less.Owing to circle round the rotating speed of stream S very fast, be that air entry 51 is positioned at rotary speed bottom faster, even thereby the less releasing agent 14 of particle diameter also can be by the stream S centrifugation of circling round.G moves to top along with gas, and the radius of turn of the stream S that circles round becomes big, and the temperature of gas G descends under the effect of cooling device 50.The aggravation of condensing of releasing agent 14, particle diameter become big.Therefore, even gas G also can separate releasing agent 14 and reclaim efficiently near the rotary speed reduction of exhaust outlet 52, gas G from gas G.
Reclaiming machine 5 with reference to the releasing agent of the vacuum casting device 1 of 5 pairs the 3rd examples of figure describes.The shape of the periphery wall 54 of releasing agent recovery machine 5 shown in Figure 5 is different with the releasing agent recovery machine 5 of the 1st example.In the 3rd example, as shown in Figure 5, the periphery wall 54 that releasing agent reclaims machine 5 is the constant cylindrical shape of diameter from the lower to the upper.Other structure of vacuum casting device 1 is identical with the structure of the vacuum casting device 1 shown in the 1st example.Therefore, for the structure shown in Fig. 5 with identical function, the identical symbol of structure of mark and the vacuum casting device 1 shown in the 1st example, and omit explanation here.The structure of the vacuum casting device 1 that does not show in Fig. 5 in addition, is the record and the accompanying drawing of reference the 1st example as required.
Circle round what the releasing agent that constitutes reclaimed the gas G that flows in the machine 5 that radius of turn is constant from the lower to the upper for stream S as Fig. 5.That is to say that the flow velocity of gas G is certain, then rotary speed is also certain.The stream S that circles round 52 is stable from air entry 51 to exhaust outlet, and the time of contact of gas G and periphery wall 54 is also certain.Because condensing of the releasing agent 14 among the gas G that can stably promote to be cooled off, thereby can reclaim releasing agent 14 efficiently.
The vacuum casting device 1 of each example has releasing agent and reclaims machine 5, and this releasing agent reclaims machine 5 can be recovered in the releasing agent 14 that gasifies among the cavity C efficiently.Therefore, in the casting temperature condition is higher than the vacuum pressing and casting of magnesium (Magnesium) alloy etc. of aluminium (Aluminum) alloy, also can adopt and have this vacuum casting device 1 that releasing agent reclaims machine 5.In addition, any represented in above-mentioned each example releasing agent reclaims machine 5, and its recycle object thing is not only a releasing agent 14, also comprises the smog of supplying with liquation M that metal was evaporated, the moisture in the atmosphere etc.
Several examples of the present invention are illustrated.These examples propose as an example, and are not used in the qualification scope of invention.These novel examples can be implemented with other various forms, can carry out various omissions, displacement and change without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.These examples and distortion thereof are included in scope of invention and the aim, and are included in the invention and equivalency range thereof that claim puts down in writing.
Claims (8)
1. a vacuum casting device (1) is characterized in that having:
Mould (10), this mould (10) have the cavity (C) that is used for cast product, and are coated with releasing agent (14) at the inner surface of described cavity (C);
Plunger (3), this plunger (3) is supplied with described liquation (M) from the liquation jar (31) of the liquation (M) that stores metal material to cavity (C);
Vavuum pump (4), this vavuum pump (4) is that the downstream of the liquation stream of upstream links to each other by pipe arrangement (102) and described plunger (3) side with described mould (10), and described cavity (C) inside comprised described releasing agent (14) after the gasification in interior gas (G) sucking-off;
Releasing agent reclaims machine (5), this releasing agent reclaims machine (5) and is connected described pipe arrangement (102) midway, and produce from the air entry (51) of bottom towards the helical form of the exhaust outlet (52) on the top stream (S) that circles round by described gas (G) by described pipe arrangement (102) guiding, the described releasing agent (14) that will liquefy by this centrifugal force that circles round stream (S) separates, and residual gas is discharged from described exhaust outlet (52); And
Cooling device (50), this cooling device (50) have the cooling tube (501) on the periphery wall (54) that is wound on described releasing agent recovery machine (5), and cold-producing medium (A) is circulated in this cooling tube (501), thereby described periphery wall (54) is cooled off.
2. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
Described releasing agent reclaims machine (5) and has filter (53) at described air entry (51) between the described exhaust outlet (52).
3. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
The described cooling tube (501) of described cooling device (50) is wound into helical form from the top that described releasing agent reclaims the described periphery wall (54) of machine (5) to the bottom.
4. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
The described cooling tube (501) of described cooling device (50) reclaims the described periphery wall (54) of machine (5) from described releasing agent top is wound into helical form with the described opposite direction of stream (S) of circling round to the bottom.
5. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
The periphery wall (54) that described releasing agent reclaims machine (5) is the more and more littler taper shape of diameter from the lower to the upper.
6. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
The periphery wall (54) that described releasing agent reclaims machine (5) is the increasing taper shape of diameter from the lower to the upper.
7. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
The periphery wall (54) of described releasing agent recovery machine (5) is cylindrical.
8. vacuum casting device as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that,
Described releasing agent reclaim the described air entry (51) of machine (5) and described exhaust outlet (52) along the inner surface of described periphery wall (54) and the described stream (S) that circles round towards opening.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010-139792 | 2010-06-18 | ||
JP2010139792 | 2010-06-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN102284691A true CN102284691A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
CN102284691B CN102284691B (en) | 2015-08-12 |
Family
ID=45331593
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN201010601792.XA Expired - Fee Related CN102284691B (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2010-12-10 | Vacuum casting device |
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CN (1) | CN102284691B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107335789A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-10 | 鞍山海望真空系统有限公司 | Double autonomous system die casting high-vacuum installations |
CN110076310A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 平湖市良正五金科技有限公司 | A kind of production technology of buckle |
CN111050946A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2020-04-21 | 七宝金型工业株式会社 | Mold and molding system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04138861A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | Method for applying releasing agent to casting mold |
CN2131594Y (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1993-05-05 | 邓国桢 | Air drying machine |
CN1500609A (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-06-02 | 丰田合成株式会社 | Method for manufacturing molded products |
JP2007069218A (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-22 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Casting apparatus |
CN101485938A (en) * | 2009-01-04 | 2009-07-22 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Technique and device for purifying oil-containing exhaust |
-
2010
- 2010-12-10 CN CN201010601792.XA patent/CN102284691B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04138861A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-13 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | Method for applying releasing agent to casting mold |
CN2131594Y (en) * | 1992-07-20 | 1993-05-05 | 邓国桢 | Air drying machine |
CN1500609A (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-06-02 | 丰田合成株式会社 | Method for manufacturing molded products |
JP2007069218A (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-22 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Casting apparatus |
CN101485938A (en) * | 2009-01-04 | 2009-07-22 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | Technique and device for purifying oil-containing exhaust |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107335789A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-10 | 鞍山海望真空系统有限公司 | Double autonomous system die casting high-vacuum installations |
CN111050946A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2020-04-21 | 七宝金型工业株式会社 | Mold and molding system |
CN111050946B (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2021-09-10 | 七宝金型工业株式会社 | Mold and molding system |
CN110076310A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 平湖市良正五金科技有限公司 | A kind of production technology of buckle |
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CN102284691B (en) | 2015-08-12 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190109 Address after: No. 6, 15, 5 Dingmu, Toyota, Tokyo, Japan Patentee after: TOSHIBA CLIENT SOLUTIONS CO.,LTD. Address before: Tokyo, Japan port area Zhi Pu Ding Ding 1, No. 1 Patentee before: Toshiba Corp. |
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