CN102284686A - Continuous casting device and method of large-size magnesium alloy plate blank by action of combined outfield - Google Patents
Continuous casting device and method of large-size magnesium alloy plate blank by action of combined outfield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a continuous casting device of a large-size magnesium alloy plate blank by the action of a combined outfield and a method thereof. The device provided by the invention comprises a crystallizer and also comprises electromagnetic coils in a water tank of the crystallizer, a protection gas spraying pipe, two ultrasonic heads and a distributing disc, wherein two ultrasonic heads are symmetrically distributed at two sides of a width central line in the crystallizer; the device provided by the invention is used for casting the large-size magnesium alloy plate blank; the method provided by the invention can obviously improve the quality of the casting blank under the combined action of electromagnetic fields and ultrasonic fields and can more fully satisfy each requirement of the user on the quality of the casting blank.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to casting technology field, particularly a kind of casting apparatus and method thereof of large scale slab ingot casting.
Background technology
It is better that DC (direct water-cooling) casting has ingot quality, and series of advantages such as productivity ratio height are the main preparation methods of modern magnesium alloy processing material ingot blank.The main device of DC casting is a crystallizer, and crystallizer is made up of inwall water tank and hole for water spraying.Melt contacts with crystallizer wall realizes once cooling, go out crystallizer after secondary cooling water be sprayed onto the ingot casting surface with certain angle, realize Quench.Along with the quality requirement to ingot casting on the engineering improves constantly, on the basis of original DC casting, people have developed a series of new DC casting methods, for example make for the hot direct casting that improves surface quality, also have air film casting, the sliding casting of vapour, low liquid level casting or the like, but the new technology of developing around improving the ingot casting internal metallurgical quality and few.
Modern processing industry for boosting productivity and the quality of processed steel, requires the size of ingot casting constantly to increase, and in China, the thickness of magnesium alloy ingot is near 400mm, and width has reached 800mm, has formed the said large scale magnesium alloy slab of this invention.Along with the increase of ingot casting size, organizing of ingot casting is thick, the trend of the gross segregation of alloying element and crackle increases.These casting blank defects, the not only final performance of reduction processing material, and the machinability of ingot casting is also damaged, and has influenced lumber recovery greatly, thereby has increased production cost.
In order to improve the metallurgical quality of ingot casting, the inventor has developed a kind of ultrasonic continuous casting technology that applies the low frequency electromagnetic continuous casting technology of low frequency electromagnetic field and apply ultrasonic field in recent years, these technology are applied in magnesium alloy, aluminium alloy cast ingot, significantly refinement alloy structure, improved the gross segregation of alloying element and the surface quality of ingot casting.Along with the increase of ingot casting sectional dimension, exceeded single action limit.For example, (the limit portion of melt) is the strongest at the crystallizer wall place for the Lorentz force that electromagnetic field produces in melt, decay gradually is the most weak at the middle part then, along with the reduction of frequency, its penetrability strengthens, but when frequency drops to 15Hz when following, be easy to generate the fluctuation of melt liquid level, liquid level is not steady, mobile the weakening at melt middle part, organize the improvement ability to lower simultaneously; The effective range that ultrasonic field works is around ultrasonic bar, and promptly outwards weaken rapidly at the middle part of melt in crystallizer, and is very little to the limit portion effect of melt, owing to also do not have powerful generation source at present, so the sphere of action of ultrasonic field is also limited.The present invention applies low frequency electromagnetic field and ultrasonic field combination, makes full use of electromagnetic field and acts on strong and ultrasonic field strong characteristics of effect in the middle part of melt in melt limit portion, and exploitation can significantly improve efficient, the economic new technology of magnesium alloy large scale slab ingot casting.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sheet billet continuous casting device that utilizes the combination outer field action; this device comprises crystallizer and dummy ingot piece; it is characterized in that this device also comprises the solenoid in the crystallizer water tank; the protective gas jet pipe; 2 ultrasonic heads; the water conservancy diversion steel pipe; shunting disk; wherein 2 ultrasonic heads are symmetrically arranged in the both sides of crystallizer insied width center line; distance is the 40-70% of ingot casting width; the diameter of ultrasonic head is 30-80mm; the top that is the shunting disk diagonal at four top corner parts of shunting disk respectively is provided with 1 tap hole, and the sectional area of each tap hole is 1000-3000mm
2, the center chassis position of shunting disk is provided with deflection cone, and deflection cone is relative up and down with the water conservancy diversion steel pipe, and axis separately is on same vertical line.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the number of turn of the solenoid in the crystallizer water tank is the 100-500 circle in the sheet billet continuous casting device.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the internal diameter of protective gas jet pipe is 6-15mm, and at the aperture of the bottom of protective gas jet pipe drill diameter 0.5-2mm, the center line in hole becomes 20-35 ° of angle with horizontal plane, and pitch of holes is 5-30mm.
According to an aspect of the present invention; the crystallizer housing adopts the manufacturing of low-carbon (LC) steel or stainless steel; the crystallizer inwall adopts 6061 aluminium alloys or TC4 titanium alloy to make; ultrasonic bar is done with carbon steel such as 45# steel; coil is made by the copper conductor of coated insulation film, and shunting disk and protective gas steel pipe are made of 304 stainless steels.
The present invention also provides a kind of sheet billet continuous casting method of utilizing the combination outer field action, it is characterized in that this method has adopted device as claimed in claim 1, operates by following technical process during ingot casting:
(1) device start: open the cooling water and the lubricating oil of crystallizer, open protective gas, open low-frequency power and feed electric current and start ultrasonic wave to solenoid;
(2) continuous billet casting: will be diverted in the crystallizer through water conservancy diversion steel pipe and shunting disk through the alloy liquid after purify, leaving standstill, when liquid level reaches concordant with the upper edge of shunting disk, start casting machine, the ultrasonic head that will start simultaneously inserts 50-100mm under the alloy liquid level, divides the spacing of flow cone and water conservancy diversion steel pipe so that metal bath surface is stable in the assurance casting process in the casting on the control shunting disk;
(3) casting finishes: when strand reaches predetermined altitude, stop to supply with alloy liquid, when liquid level was lower than the shunting disk bottom surface, casting machine stopped, and mentions ultrasonic head, took out shunting disk.
(4) extract ingot casting: after the ingot casting upper surface solidifies, stop power supply power supply, cooling water and protective gas air feed, hang out ingot casting.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the ultrasonic of employing is continuous ultrasound, and ultrasonic frequency is 10-30KHz, and ultrasonic power is 3-5KW.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the power frequency that feeds electric current to solenoid is 20-35Hz, and current strength is 100-500A.
Description of drawings
By the description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention and characteristics will become apparent, wherein:
Attached Fig. 1 and 2 is according to casting apparatus front view of the present invention and vertical view;
Accompanying drawing 3 is according to the shunting disk front view in the casting apparatus of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 4 is according to the shunting disk vertical view in the casting apparatus of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 5 is according to the mold structure figure in the casting apparatus of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 6 shows the macrostructure that adopts the DC casting and adopt AZ31 magnesium alloy 300 * 800 * 2000mm ingot casting of combination of the present invention outfield casting;
Accompanying drawing 7 shows the grain size distribution that adopts the DC casting and adopt AZ31 magnesium alloy 300 * 800 * 2000mm ingot casting of combination of the present invention outfield casting;
Accompanying drawing 8 shows the alloying elements distribution of AZ31 magnesium alloy 300 * 800 * 2000mm ingot casting that adopts the casting of combination of the present invention outfield;
Accompanying drawing 9 shows the macrostructure that adopts the DC casting and adopt AZ91 magnesium alloy 400 * 1000 * 2500rmm ingot casting of combination of the present invention outfield casting;
Accompanying drawing 10 shows the grain size distribution of AZ91 magnesium alloy 400 * 1000 * 2500mm ingot casting that adopts the casting of combination of the present invention outfield;
Accompanying drawing 11 shows the alloying elements distribution of AZ91 magnesium alloy 400 * 1000 * 2500mm ingot casting that adopts the casting of combination of the present invention outfield.
The specific embodiment
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.
The device of the present invention's design installs and is made up of crystallizer 1, protective gas jet pipe 2, ultrasonic head 3 and 6, water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4, shunting disk 5, solenoid 7 and dummy ingot piece 9 as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and 8 is ingot casting.Accompanying drawing 3 is front views of shunting disk 5, accompanying drawing 4 is vertical views of shunting disk 5, the 304 stainless steel manufacturings of shunting disk 5 usefulness, center chassis position at shunting disk 5 is provided with deflection cone 11,12 is the Pan Bi of flow guiding disc 5, and deflection cone 11 is relative up and down with water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4, and axis separately is on same vertical line, the top that is the shunting disk diagonal at four top corner parts of shunting disk respectively is provided with 1 tap hole 13, and the sectional area of each tap hole 13 is 1000-3000mm
2
The detailed structure of crystallizer 1 of the present invention is seen Fig. 5, and crystallizer 1 is made up of wall 14, oil inlet pipe 15, upper cover plate 16, oil groove 17, places solenoid 7 in the water tank that crystallizer 1 is surrounded by wall 14, is equipped with protective gas jet pipe 2 in the upper outside of crystallizer 1.
The water tank of crystallizer can be made with the low-carbon (LC) steel or stainless steel, and inboard employing 6061 of crystallizer wall or TC4 titanium alloy are made, and can forge back processing, also can be with processing after the sheet material welding, for guaranteeing its performance, to carry out the heat treatment of T6 state, fine finishining then after the roughing.Crystallizer is provided with 4 oil inlet pipes 15 in diagonal, and is even for guaranteeing the each several part fuel feeding simultaneously, offers 3 road oil grooves 17, the per pass oil groove width be 3-6mm, spacing is 10-20mm, and oil outlet places the top of water tank upper plate, is provided with the upper cover plate 16 of oil groove above.
The present invention adopts magnesium alloy that the casting apparatus and the continuous cast method that utilize magnetic field and ultrasonic combination outfield of design are described according to the present invention as example, but the invention is not restricted to this, for example, go for the casting of other alloy according to casting apparatus of the present invention and continuous cast method.
The present invention adopts diversion mode to import liquid magnesium alloy, magnesium alloy is after melting, purifying, under 700-730 ℃ (being higher than liquidus temperature 50-80 ℃), left standstill 0.5-1 hour, squeeze into water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4 through mechanical pump, water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4 will be heated to 600-700 ℃ in advance, water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4 can be made with the low-carbon (LC) steel or stainless steel, and the internal diameter of steel pipe is 20-50mm, can adopt external application resistance wire or the electric-resistivity method heating by big electric current.
Protective gas jet pipe 2 of the present invention can be made of the low-carbon (LC) steel or stainless steel, and internal diameter is at 6-15mm, and at the aperture of the bottom of pipe drill diameter 0.5-2mm, the center line in hole becomes 20-35 ° of angle with horizontal plane, and pitch of holes is 5-30mm.
The ultrasonic of the present invention's employing is continuous ultrasound, and ultrasonic frequency is 10-30KHz, and ultrasonic power is 3-5KW.The diameter of ultrasonic head is 30-80mm, and ultrasonic head can be done with carbon steel such as 45# steel, and two ultrasonic heads are symmetrically placed on the crystallizer insied width center line with respect to the center of crystallizer, and the distance between two ultrasonic heads is the 40-70% of ingot casting width.
What the present invention applied is low frequency magnetic field, and the frequency in magnetic field is 20-35Hz, and the magnetic field intensity at crystallizer wall place is 0.02-0.10T.Magnetic field is produced by low-frequency current by the solenoid 7 that places crystallizer 1 water tank, the copper conductor manufacturing of solenoid 7 usefulness coated insulation films, and the size of looking ingot casting is generally the 100-500 circle, and the current strength of feeding is 100-500A.
When adopting said apparatus to carry out the casting of magnesium alloy large scale slab, its concrete technology is as follows:
During the cast magnesium alloy ingot casting, alloy through melting, purify, leave standstill after, under the mechanical pump effect of immersing liquid magnesium alloy, import shunting disks 5 through water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4, flow in the crystallizer by the tap hole 13 at four angles of shunting disk.Inject lubricating oil by oil inlet pipe 15 simultaneously, lubricating oil flows to the crystallizer inwall through oil duct 17 and oil outlet, realizes the ingot casting surface lubrication; Open the cooling water of crystallizer simultaneously; feed electric current and start ultrasonic wave to solenoid 7 by low-frequency power; in protective gas jet pipe 2, feed protective gas; when liquid level reach with the upper edge of shunting disk (with upper cover plate 16 apart from 30-60mm) when concordant; start casting machine; 50-100mm in the liquid magnesium alloy is inserted ultrasonic head in the casting beginning simultaneously.Adjust the height of shunting disk during casting, enter the flow of liquid magnesium alloy in the crystallizer successively by the control deflection cone 11 and the spacing adjustment of water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4 lower ends.The protective gas jet pipe sprays the CO2 gas that contains trace (generally by volume percentage is 0.5-1%) SF6 to liquid level during the casting, and the protection melt is avoided oxidation and burning.In the casting process, keep liquid level stabilizing.When being casted into predetermined altitude, stop to supply with liquid magnesium alloy, when liquid level was lower than the shunting disk bottom surface, casting machine stopped; mention ultrasonic head 3 and 6, take out shunting disk 5, treat that the ingot casting upper surface solidifies after; stop power supply power supply, cooling water and protective gas air feed, hang out ingot casting, casting finishes.
Embodiment 1:AZ31 sheet slab combination outfield continuous casting
Ingot casting size: 300mm (thick) * 800mm (wide) * 2000mm (length)
Alloying component: Al3.1wt%, Zn0.95wt%, Mn0.35wt%, Fe≤0.05wt%, all the other are Mg
Casting temperature: 720 ℃
Casting speed: 40mm/min
Magnetic field condition: field frequency: 20Hz, magnetic field intensity: 25000AT
Ultrasound condition: continuous ultrasound, frequency 20KHz, ultrasonic power output: 3KW
Alloy melting in 1 ton of magnesium alloy melting resistance furnace, Zn is added in pure magnesium fusing back, adds the Al-10%Mn intermediate alloy then, and after solvent refined, blowing argon gas refining in stove is 720 ℃ of insulations, left standstill 40 minutes.Add thermally induced flow steel pipe 4, the crystallizer water flowing, the solenoid galvanization is opened lubricating oil.Open the protective gas valve, be blown into protective gas, open mechanical pump, liquid magnesium alloy enters shunting disk through the water conservancy diversion steel pipe, adopts stainless steel (304) plate of skimming will enter and claw being mingled with of shunting disk, and the guiding liquid magnesium alloy evenly flows into four tap holes, enters crystallizer.Stir liquid magnesium alloy with taking off slag plate, make it evenly be taped against the bottom surface of dummy ingot piece 10 as far as possible.Along with the rising of liquid level, improve shunting disk, reduce the flow of liquid magnesium alloy, when the magnesium alloy liquid level reach with crystallizer upper cover plate 16 apart from 30-50mm the time, fall ultrasonic head, ultrasonic head enters 50-100mm under the liquid level.Start casting machine, begin casting, the speed of casting machine will slowly increase, and needs 5-8 minute from opening car to stablizing casting speed 40mm/min.Adjust the deflection cone 11 of shunting disk 5 and the spacing of water conservancy diversion steel pipe 4 lower ends, control liquid magnesium alloy flow keeps liquid level stabilizing.
After being casted into the predetermined length of ingot blank, the stop supplies liquid magnesium alloy, casting machine stops simultaneously, mentions ultrasonic head earlier, closes lubricated fuel tap then.Liquid magnesium alloy in the crystallizer solidifies gradually, and the liquid magnesium alloy of device to be crystallized limit portion is solidified to 30-50mm when thick, closes the electric current of solenoid and the feed water valve of crystallizer.Liquid magnesium alloy is removed crystallizer after all solidifying, and magnesium alloy ingot is hung out.
Fig. 6 casts and adopts the macrostructure of AZ31 magnesium alloy 300 * 800 * 2000mm ingot casting of combination of the present invention outfield casting for DC.Wherein scheme a, b, c are the ingot casting limit portion along width centreline, center of the DC casting alloy structures to limit portion 1/2 place and center, scheme d, e, f is the ingot casting limit portion along width centreline, center of the combination outfield casting alloy structure to limit portion 1/2 place and center, and crystal grain was thick when visible DC cast, especially behind the limit portion skim thin crystal layer, a coarse region is arranged, its thickness is 30-50mm, and average grain size is 1.8mm, and the intersection of thin crystal layer and coarse-grain layer easily produces subcrack.See Fig. 6 a.The coarse grain in ingot casting centre increases.After applying combination field, organize all significantly refinement, the crystallite dimension of each several part all the DC casting 1/2 under.Especially the coarse-grain layer behind the thin thin crystal layer on ingot casting surface, size significantly reduces, and subcrack is eliminated.Especially the crystallite dimension difference of each several part reduces, and grain size distribution is tending towards evenly seeing Fig. 7.
Embodiment 2:AZ91 alloy sheet slab combination outfield continuous casting
Ingot casting size: 400mm (thick) * 1000mm (wide) * 2500mm (length)
Alloying component: Al9.2wt%, Zn0.65wt%, Mn0.365wt%, Fe≤0.05wt%, all the other are Mg
Casting temperature: 700 ℃
Casting speed: 35mm/min
Magnetic field condition: field frequency: 15Hz, magnetic field intensity: 30000AT
Ultrasound condition: continuous ultrasound, frequency 20KHz, ultrasonic power output: 5KW
Casting is implemented
Alloy melting in 2 tons of magnesium alloy melting resistance furnaces, Zn is added in pure magnesium fusing back, adds Al then, adds the Mn agent at last, and after solvent refined, blowing argon gas refining in stove is 700 ℃ of insulations, left standstill 60 minutes.Subsequent handling is identical with above-mentioned AZ31 ingot casting casting method.
Fig. 9 sees in the macrostructure of alloy cast ingot, as seen the AZ91 alloy organizing is much thinner than the AZ31 alloy, limit portion still is a fine grained texture, but there is not the such coarse-grain layer of AZ31 alloy near thin crystal layer, the closer to the ingot casting center, crystallite dimension is more little, and the crystallite dimension maximum at ingot casting middle part (1/2 place between ingot casting limit portion and the ingot casting center) is seen Figure 10.Figure 11 is the main alloying element distribution map of the ingot casting of combination outfield casting, and visible alloying elements distribution is even, and aluminium has the sign of micro-inverse segregation in limit portion, but the segregation rate of alloying element is all less than 5%.
The present invention is by applying low frequency electromagnetic field and ultrasonic field combination, make full use of electromagnetic field and act on strong and ultrasonic field strong characteristics of effect in the middle part of melt, developed efficient, the economic new technology that significantly to improve magnesium alloy large scale slab ingot casting in melt limit portion.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is utilized the sheet billet continuous casting device that makes up outer field action; this device comprises crystallizer and dummy ingot piece; it is characterized in that this device also comprises solenoid in the crystallizer water tank, protective gas jet pipe, 2 ultrasonic heads, water conservancy diversion steel pipe, shunting disk; wherein 2 ultrasonic heads are symmetrically arranged in the both sides of crystallizer insied width center line; distance is the 40-70% of ingot casting width; the diameter of ultrasonic head is 30-80mm; the top that is the shunting disk diagonal at four top corner parts of shunting disk respectively is provided with 1 tap hole, and the sectional area of each tap hole is 1000-3000mm
2, the center chassis position of shunting disk is provided with deflection cone, and deflection cone is relative up and down with the water conservancy diversion steel pipe, and axis separately is on same vertical line.
2. the sheet billet continuous casting device of utilization combination outer field action according to claim 1 is characterized in that the number of turn of the solenoid in the crystallizer water tank in the device is the 100-500 circle.
3. the sheet billet continuous casting device of utilization combination outer field action according to claim 1; the internal diameter that it is characterized in that the protective gas jet pipe is 6-15mm; at the aperture of the bottom of protective gas jet pipe drill diameter 0.5-2mm, the center line in hole becomes 20-35 ° of angle with horizontal plane, and pitch of holes is 5-30mm.
4. the sheet billet continuous casting device of utilization combination outer field action according to claim 1; it is characterized in that the crystallizer housing adopts the manufacturing of low-carbon (LC) steel or stainless steel; the crystallizer inwall adopts 6061 aluminium alloys or TC4 titanium alloy to make; ultrasonic bar is done with carbon steel such as 45# steel; coil is made by the copper conductor of coated insulation film, and shunting disk and protective gas steel pipe are made of 304 stainless steels.
5. one kind is utilized the sheet billet continuous casting method that makes up outer field action, it is characterized in that this method has adopted device as claimed in claim 1, operates by following technical process during ingot casting:
(1) device start: open the cooling water and the lubricating oil of crystallizer, open protective gas, open low-frequency power and feed electric current and start ultrasonic wave to solenoid;
(2) continuous billet casting: will be diverted in the crystallizer through water conservancy diversion steel pipe and shunting disk through the alloy liquid after purify, leaving standstill, when liquid level reaches concordant with the upper edge of shunting disk, start casting machine, the ultrasonic head that will start simultaneously inserts 50-100mm under the alloy liquid level, divides the spacing of flow cone and water conservancy diversion steel pipe so that metal bath surface is stable in the assurance casting process in the casting on the control shunting disk;
(3) casting finishes: when strand reaches predetermined altitude, stop to supply with alloy liquid, when liquid level was lower than the shunting disk bottom surface, casting machine stopped, and mentions ultrasonic head, took out shunting disk;
(4) extract ingot casting: after the ingot casting upper surface solidifies, stop power supply power supply, cooling water and protective gas air feed, hang out ingot casting.
6. sheet billet continuous casting method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that adopting in the method ultrasonic be continuous ultrasound, ultrasonic frequency is 10-30KHz, ultrasonic power is 3-5KW.
7. sheet billet continuous casting method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the power frequency to solenoid feeding electric current is 20-35Hz, and current strength is 100-500A.
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