CN102282335A - Method for recovery of hydrocarbons from a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation - Google Patents
Method for recovery of hydrocarbons from a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102282335A CN102282335A CN200980119193XA CN200980119193A CN102282335A CN 102282335 A CN102282335 A CN 102282335A CN 200980119193X A CN200980119193X A CN 200980119193XA CN 200980119193 A CN200980119193 A CN 200980119193A CN 102282335 A CN102282335 A CN 102282335A
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- hydrocarbon
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- logistics
- stratum
- steam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/02—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using burners
- E21B36/025—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using burners the burners being above ground or outside the bore hole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
- E21B43/281—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent using heat
Abstract
Methods for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation are described herein. A comprising hydrogen sulfide is combusted in one or more surface facilities exterior to the hydrocarbon containing formation to produce a sulfur oxides stream. At least a portion of the sulfur oxides stream is provided to a hydrocarbon containing formation. Steam may be provided to the hydrocarbon containing formation. Mixing of the steam and/or water in the formation with the sulfur oxides generates heat of solution in the hydrocarbon containing formation for mobilizing formation fluids.
Description
The application requires the priority at the U.S. Provisional Application 61/046136 of application on April 18th, 2008, and this application is incorporated herein by reference in full at this.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for recovery of hydrocarbons from underground hydrocarbon stratum.
Background technology
The hydrocarbon that is obtained by subsurface formations is used as the energy, raw material and the consumer goods usually.Worry to obtainable hydrocarbon resource exhaustion has caused developing the more effective method of gathering, handling and/or utilize obtainable hydrocarbon resource.
Can be by several different methods processing hydrocarbons stratum to produce formation fluid.For example, heat, gas and/or liquid are used to move and/or to produce formation fluid in the hydrocarbon stratum, this method has been used for more effectively from hydrocarbon stratum recovery of hydrocarbons.
The combustion by-products of combustion of fossil fuels and gained can adopt and heat the stratum.Burning can be in the stratum, in the well and/or carry out near the ground.The burning of fossil fuel produces the combustion by-products carbon dioxide.Carbon dioxide is considered to have lower economic worth and is considered to has contribution to " greenhouse effect ".The emission of combustion of fossil fuel such as carbon dioxide can be handled and/or be isolated from the stratum.For example the waste gas of combustion of fossil fuel generation has been used for replacing the heavy oil and the pitch of subsurface formations, thereby strengthens gathering of heavy oil and pitch.
The burning of sulphur compound also has been used for the heat hydrocarbon stratum, and wherein the combustion product of sulfur-bearing can be used as drive fluid, thereby more effectively by producing hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon stratum.The US 4,379,489 of Rollmann has described a kind of from the gather method of heavy oil of underground storage layer, described method be included in underground in oxygen-containing gas combustion of liquid sulphur, thereby form sulfur dioxide.Sulfur dioxide can perhaps can react with the formation carbon dioxide with limestone in the stratum as the drive fluid of recovery of oil, and the drive fluid of carbon dioxide for substituting.The pressure of oxygen-containing gas maintains enough pressure, so that sulfur dioxide remains liquid state.
Wish to have a kind of under the situation that does not produce great amount of carbon dioxide effectively, the effective processing hydrocarbons of cost stratum is with the method for recovery of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon stratum more effectively.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method of handling hydrocarbon containing formation, described method comprises: the one or more ground installations to the hydrocarbon containing formation outside provide the fuel that comprises hydrogen sulfide; Comprise the fuel of hydrogen sulfide at least a portion of at least one ground installation, burning in the presence of the oxidant, thereby produce at least a combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides; The combustion by-products logistics that makes at least a portion comprise one or more oxysulfides contacts with water to produce heat; Pass to hydrocarbon containing formation with the heat that the combustion by-products logistics is contacted generation with water.
Description of drawings
For a person skilled in the art, advantage of the present invention will become clearly to detailed description of the preferred embodiments and with reference to appended accompanying drawing by means of following, wherein:
Fig. 1 has described the schematic embodiment of handling the formation fluid that is produced by the hydrocarbon stratum.
Fig. 2 has described with steam and has injected the representative embodiment that well group closes a part of hydrocarbon layer of application sulfur-containing oxide logistics the heating.
Fig. 3 has described with steam injection well group and has closed the representative embodiment that the well of using the logistics of introducing sulfur-containing oxide heats a part of hydrocarbon layer.
Though the present invention allows various modifications and alternative form, its specific embodiment provides and may describe in detail at this by the mode of the embodiment among the figure.Accompanying drawing may not be pro rata.But should be appreciated that these figure and detailed description thereof and be not used in the present invention is defined in particular forms disclosed that on the contrary, the present invention will cover by the essence of the present invention of claims definition and all modifications, equivalent and the alternative in the scope.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to what hydrocarbon stratum underground heat is provided, wherein said heat comprises the fuel stream generation of hydrogen sulfide and the described combustion heat of at least a portion is passed to the hydrocarbon stratum by burning.Because fuel stream is sulfenyl, the sulfur component of combustion fuel logistics has been avoided the generation of carbon dioxide, for the method for using mainly the fuel stream of being made up of hydrocarbon, has reduced the carbon dioxide total output of heating means.By injecting the combustion by-products logistics that comprises oxysulfide, for the hydrocarbon stratum provides additional heat, wherein by making the oxysulfide in the combustion by-products logistics mix the generation dissolution heat with water to the hydrocarbon stratum.The water that mixes with the combustion by-products logistics can offer the hydrocarbon stratum with the combustion by-products logistics, perhaps may reside in the hydrocarbon stratum.
The method that produces sulfuric acid by the combustion process oxidation of sulfureted hydrogen can produce the calorific value that is similar to methyl hydride combustion.For example use people such as Stull at " The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds ", Kreiger Publishing Company, Malabar Florida, 1987,220th, the data in 229,230,233 and 234 pages can be calculated the reaction enthalpy of methane and sulfureted hydrogen burning.Methyl hydride combustion produces the accessory substance carbon dioxide, represents by following reaction equation:
CH
4+2O
2→CO
2+2H
2O(ΔH
rxn＝-191.2kcal/mol?600°K).
Compare with it, hydrogen sulfide oxidation (burning) forms sulfuric acid and has the calculating reaction enthalpy of representing by following reaction equation:
H
2S+2O
2→H
2SO
4(ΔH
rxn＝-185.4kcal/mol?600°K).
In water, mix sulfuric acid owing to the dissolution heat of sulfuric acid in water produces more heat, be expressed from the next:
H
2SO
4+H
2O→50wt％H
2SO
4(ΔH
dil＝-14.2kcal/mol?298°K).
Depend on to produce the applied water yield of sulfuric acid, the total amount of the heat that sulfureted hydrogen burning and sulfuric acid dissolution produce can for-185kcal/mol to-206kcal/mol.Therefore, according to the inventive method, hydrogen sulfide replacement methane is done fuel combustion and can be used to the hydrocarbon stratum that heat is provided, and the heat that provides can be suitable with methyl hydride combustion, but do not produce carbon dioxide.In addition, use hydrogen sulfide containing fuel in the methods of the invention the method for a kind of processing from the useless hydrogen sulfide of other process (for example the thing logistics is flowed out in acid gas and/or hydrotreatment) is provided, but do not produce elementary sulfur.
Here applied term definition is as follows:
" api gravity " refers to the api gravity under 15.5 ℃ (60 ℉).Api gravity is measured by ASTM method D6822 or ASTM method D1298.
" ASTM " refers to Unite States Standard test and material (American Standard Testing and Materials).
" stratum " comprises one or more layers hydrocarbon bearing formation, one or more layers nonhydrocarbon layer, superstratum and/or underlying strata." hydrocarbon layer " refers to contain the layer of hydrocarbon in the stratum.The hydrocarbon layer can contain non-hydrocarbon material and hydrocarbon material." superstratum " and/or " underlying strata " comprises one or more dissimilar impermeable materials.In some cases, superstratum and/or underlying strata can be permeable slightly.
" formation fluid " refers to the fluid that exists and can comprise Pintsch process fluid, synthesis gas, mobile hydrocarbon and water (steam) in the stratum.Formation fluid can comprise hydrocarbon fluid and non-hydrocarbon fluids.Term " streaming flow " refers to handle the fluid that can flow because of the stratum in the hydrocarbon containing formation." fluid of generation " refers to the fluid that removes from the stratum.
" heater " is near any system or the thermal source that produces heat in well or the well bore region.Heater can for electric heater, burner, with the stratum in material or burner that reacts by the material that produces in the stratum and/or their combination, but be not limited to this.
" heavy hydrocarbon " is the hydrocarbon fluid of thickness.Heavy hydrocarbon can comprise very hydrocarbon fluid such as heavy oil, tar and/or the pitch of thickness.Heavy hydrocarbon can comprise sulfur-bearing, oxygen and the nitrogen compound of carbon and hydrogen and low concentration.In heavy hydrocarbon, also may there be additional element (for example nickel, iron, vanadium or their mixture).Heavy hydrocarbon can be classified by api gravity.The api gravity of heavy hydrocarbon is usually less than about 20.For example, the api gravity of heavy oil is generally about 10-20, and the api gravity of tar is usually less than about 10.The viscosity of heavy hydrocarbon is generally at least 100 centipoises under 15 ℃.Heavy hydrocarbon can comprise aromatic hydrocarbons or other complicated cyclic hydrocarbon.
" hydrocarbon " is commonly defined as the molecule that is mainly formed by carbon and hydrogen atom.Here applied hydrocarbon can also comprise metallic element and/or other compound including but not limited to halogen, nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulphur.The hydrocarbon compound that contains sulphur is called as " organosulfur compound ".Hydrocarbon can be kerogen, pitch, pyrobitumen, oil, natural mineral wax and asphalitine, but is not limited to this.Hydrocarbon can be positioned at underground mineral substrate or near.Matrix can include but not limited to sedimentary rock, sandstone, silicilyte, carbonate, kieselguhr and other porous media." hydrocarbon fluid " refers to comprise the fluid of hydrocarbon.Hydrocarbon fluid can comprise, carry non-hydrocarbon fluids secretly or be trapped in the non-hydrocarbon fluids, as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxysulfide, cos, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water, ammonia or their mixture.
Just as used herein, when two or more equipment were described to " linking to each other in the operation ", described equipment was defined as directly or indirectly linking to each other, and flowed to allow the direct or indirect fluid of described equipment room.Applied term " fluid flows " refers to flowing of gas or fluid in " linking to each other in the operation " definition.As applied in " linking to each other in the operation " definition, term " fluid flows indirectly " refers to that fluid or gas can be guided through one or more supplementary equipment therefore flowing of defined two equipment rooms, thereby when fluid or gas when the equipment room of two definition flows, change one or more aspects of fluid or gas.Comprise physical characteristic aspect fluid that in indirect fluid flows, may change or the gas, the for example temperature of gas or fluid or pressure, and/or the composition of gas or fluid, the component by divided gas flow or fluid for example is for example by condensation water outlet from the gas stream that comprises steam etc.
" oxidant " refers to be suitable for to support the compound that burns.The example of oxidant comprises air, oxygen and/or oxygen-enriched air." oxygen-enriched air " refers to the mole fraction of the mole fraction of oxygen in the air greater than oxygen in the air under the normal pressure.Air is usually by the ability of enrichment with the increase air, supports combustion.
" tar " be a kind of 15 ℃ of following viscosity usually greater than the viscous hydrocarbon of about 10,000 centipoises.The proportion of tar is usually greater than 1.000.The api gravity of tar may be less than 10.
" tar sand formation " refers to that hydrocarbon wherein is mainly to be entrained in the stratum that heavy hydrocarbon in mineral grain structure or other host's rock (as sand or carbonate) and/or tar form exist.The example of tar sand formation comprises Athabasca stratum, Grosmont stratum and Peace stratum, and above three is all in Canadian Alberta; With the Faja stratum in the Venezuela Orinoco band.
" water " refers to the liquid and gas of water.For example water, water vapour and superheated steam.
In the method for the invention, provide heat to hydrocarbon containing formation.Provide the fuel that comprises hydrogen sulfide to the one or more ground installations that produce outside, hydrocarbon stratum, and in described one or more ground installations, burning in the presence of the oxidant, thereby produce the combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides.The described combustion by-products logistics of at least a portion is contacted with water produce dissolution heat, and the heat that is produced is passed to the hydrocarbon stratum.Contact with the hydrocarbon stratum or the heat transmission of the combustion by-products logistics of heat fed water by the combustion by-products logistics that makes heat and contact with the hydrocarbon stratum, thereby also the heat that comprises the fuel combustion generation of hydrogen sulfide can be passed to the hydrocarbon stratum with the water that makes heating then.The heat that offers the hydrocarbon stratum can be used for layer fluid drivingly, thereby can collect and produce formation fluid from the hydrocarbon stratum.
Can use driving method with the inventive method and come the processing hydrocarbons stratum, and move and drivingly layer fluid to producing well, thereby can gather formation fluid from the hydrocarbon stratum.Driving method can comprise steam method for implanting such as cyclic steam injection, steam assisted gravity oil extraction, solvent injects or vapor solvent and steam assisted gravity oil extraction or carbon dioxide injection, but is not limited to this.
The fuel that comprises hydrogen sulfide of Ying Yonging can comprise the hydrogen sulfide of 1-100vol% or 3-90vol% or 10-80vol% or 20-50vol% in the methods of the invention; Or 1vol% or 5vol% or 10vol% or 20vol% or 25vol% or the hydrogen sulfide of 30vol% at least at least at least at least at least at least.Hydrogen sulfide content in the logistics can be used ASTM method D2420 and measure.The fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide can contain hydrocarbon (as methane and ethane) and/or hydrogen.The fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide can comprise other sulfur-containing compound, as oxysulfide and organosulfur compound, comprises methyl mercaptan, thiophene, thiophene compound, carbon disulfide and cos.The every gram fuel of fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide can contain at least 0.1 gram or at least 0.3 gram or at least 0.5 gram or at least 0.7 gram or at least 0.9 gram sulphur atom, presses ASTM method D4294 and measures.
The fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide can be mixed for burning in the presence of oxidant with elementary sulfur.To comprise the fuel stream of hydrogen sulfide and elementary sulfur and be mixed for burning and think that for forming to mix with water the hydrocarbon stratum provides the oxysulfide of dissolution heat and additional combustion heat that the sulphur that adds is provided, the described combustion heat is represented by following formula:
S+O
2→SO
2(ΔH
rxn＝-72.8kcal/mol?600°K).
In addition, elementary sulfur and the fuel stream combined burning that comprises hydrogen sulfide provide a kind of method of processing element sulphur in the method for the invention, and wherein said elementary sulfur can be by the accumulation of handling the sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon.
The fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide also can be mixed for burning in the presence of oxidant with hydrocarbon fuel stream.Hydrocarbon fuel stream can comprise gaseous hydrocarbon and can comprise methane, ethane, propane and butane.
In the method for the invention, to utilize its oxidant that burning takes place be oxygen-containing gas or liquid to the fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide.Oxidant is preferably selected from compressed air, oxygen-enriched air or oxygen.In the method for the invention, can provide compressed air as oxidant by conventional air compression method compressed air, for example, making air flow through turbocompressor can compressed air.Oxygen-enriched air can contain than air and manys the oxygen of 0.5-15vol%, can be by compressed air and the air after making compression flow through and can increase that the film of oxygen content produces in the air.Usually traditional air separation technology can provide oxygen as oxidant.
Wherein the ground installation of fuel stream that burning comprises hydrogen sulfide in the presence of oxidant can be any conventional facility that is used to implement comprise the fuel stream burning of hydrocarbon, and described facility is equipped with and is used to handle sulfureted hydrogen burning.Ground installation can comprise the combustion reactor of one or more routines, fuel stream and the oxidant that comprises hydrogen sulfide can be mixed therein, with the temperature of combustion reactor can be risen to the auto-ignition temperature that is higher than mixture, thereby cause mixture burns.
Ground installation is positioned at the outside on hydrocarbon stratum, and by linking to each other with described hydrocarbon stratum in operation with described formation gas or fluid connection, thereby combustion by-products can be delivered to the hydrocarbon stratum from ground installation.Ground installation also can with hydrocarbon stratum thermal communication, can offer the hydrocarbon stratum thereby comprise the heat that the fuel stream of hydrogen sulfide and oxidant burning produce.In one embodiment, the wellhole of one or more combustion reactors in one or more ground installations by extending into the hydrocarbon stratum and hydrocarbon stratum link to each other in operation with gas or fluid connection mode, and link to each other on operating with gas or fluid connection mode with the hydrocarbon stratum.
In the method for the invention, the fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide is burnt in the presence of oxidant and is produced the combustion by-products logistics that comprises oxysulfide.In some embodiments, the combustion by-products logistics comprises the oxysulfide of 1-100vol% or 3-90vol% or 10-80vol% or 20-50vol%, perhaps 1vol% or 5vol% or 10vol% or 20vol% or 25vol% or the oxysulfide of 30vol% at least at least at least at least at least at least.The combustion by-products logistics can comprise hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, cos, organic sulfur sulphur compound, water and/or oxygen, but is not limited to this.
In the process of burning, can control the ratio of total sulfur and oxidant.(ratio with sulphur atom and oxygen atom is a benchmark by selecting total sulfur content (coming the fuel of self-contained hydrogen sulfide and optional from elementary sulfur) with respect to existing oxidant content, perhaps by the stoichiometry benchmark), and to regulate total sulfur content be selected amount, can control the composition of the combustion by-products (for example hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur trioxide) that is produced.Can control the amount of the fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide, amount that can control element sulphur, and/or can control the amount of oxidant stream, thus produce the total sulfur and the oxidant of the selected ratio that is used to burn, produce preferred combustion by-products logistics and form.
Can control the amount that offers the fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide, elementary sulfur and oxidant stream that the inventive method is used to burn in some way, be mainly sulfur trioxide in the combustion by-products logistics that makes burning produce.In order to produce the combustion by-products logistics that is rich in sulfur trioxide, can control the ratio of total sulfur and oxidant, thereby with respect to for the total sulfur content in fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide and the elementary sulfur, excessive oxidant burns.The total mixture of poor sulphur of burning produces sulfur trioxide more than sulfur dioxide as combustion by-products.Sulfur trioxide can form sulfuric acid with the water reaction in the hydrocarbon stratum.Therefore sulfur trioxide can be easy to be converted into sulfuric acid, can produce dissolution heat, and is stoichiometry with the total sulfur content of being burnt with respect to the amount of oxidant or compares when in shortage and more promptly pass to the hydrocarbon stratum.
Alternatively, can control in some way and offer total sulfur content and the oxidant content that the inventive method is used to burn, be mainly sulfur dioxide in the combustion by-products logistics that makes burning produce.In order to produce the combustion by-products logistics of rich sulfur dioxide, can control the ratio of hydrogen sulfide and elementary sulfur and oxidant, thereby with respect to total sulfur content burning oxidant in shortage.Using excessive total sulfur with respect to oxidant is rich in sulfur dioxide with generation and also contains the combustion by-products logistics of hydrogen sulfide and allow hydrogen sulfide and/or sulfur dioxide to be introduced in the layer of hydrocarbon containing formation.A part hydrogen sulfide and/or sulfur dioxide can contacts with at least a portion formation fluid and solvation and/or dissolve part heavy hydrocarbon in the formation fluid.Solvation and/or be dissolved to the small part heavy hydrocarbon and can promote heavy hydrocarbon in producing well, to move.In addition, being introduced into the combustion by-products logistics that small part comprises sulfur dioxide in formation fluid can increase the shear rate that imposes on hydrocarbon fluid in the stratum, and reduces the viscosity of non newtonian hydrocarbon fluid in the stratum.Sulfur dioxide also drivingly laminar fluid flow to producing well.Therefore introducing the combustion by-products logistics that is rich in sulfur dioxide in the stratum can increase part exploitation and use the stratum, and can increase stratum energy output (originating from the energy content of the product on stratum) and import ratio between (the energy consumption on processing stratum) with stratum energy.
In another replacement scheme, can control and offer total sulfur content and the oxidant content that the inventive method is used to burn, with total sulfur and the oxygen that the stoichiometry equivalent amount is provided.The hydrogen sulfide of combustion stoichiometry amount and oxygen can mainly produce sulfur dioxide and water as combustion by-products by following reaction:
H
2S+1.5O
2→SO
2+H
2O(ΔH
rxn＝-124kcal/mol?600°K).
Except the calorific value that burning hydrogen sulfide obtains, the sulfur dioxide/water combustion by-products logistics after heating is introduced on the hydrocarbon stratum can promote recovery of hydrocarbons from the stratum.Heat can be passed to fluid in the stratum and the fluid after the heating can flow to producing well from the heat of sulfur dioxide.In addition, just as discussed above, the sulfur dioxide in the combustion by-products logistics can reduce the viscosity of hydrocarbon formation fluid in the hydrocarbon stratum and thereby increase the hydrocarbon amount that can gather from the stratum.Though the dissolution heat of sulfur dioxide is less than the dissolution heat of sulfuric acid, also can passes to the formation fluid in the hydrocarbon stratum, thereby formation fluid is moved.
The combustion by-products logistics contacts with water and produces heat, and heat passes to the hydrocarbon stratum.The combustion by-products logistics contacts with water and produces dissolution heat.Combustion by-products sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and contact the sulfuric acid that forms by sulfur trioxide with water and when mixing, will produce dissolution heat with water.In addition, the fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide contacts with water by the combustion by-products logistics that makes heat with the combustion heat of oxidant transmits feedwater, thereby forms steam or superheated steam, and described then steam can contact with the hydrocarbon stratum and heat is offered the hydrocarbon stratum.If desired, the combustion by-products of the heat that burning produces from other combustion process such as hydrocarbon containing fuels can mix with the combustion by-products logistics that the fuel combustion that comprises hydrogen sulfide produces, thereby provides additional heat for the hydrocarbon stratum.
The water that contacts to produce heat with the combustion by-products logistics can be the water that exists in the hydrocarbon stratum, perhaps can be for offer the water on hydrocarbon stratum with the combustion by-products logistics.In a preferred embodiment, described water wherein injects a part of hydrocarbon layer with steam and combustion by-products logistics by wellhole for offer the steam on hydrocarbon stratum by the steam method for implanting.
The combustion by-products logistics can be with water or is injected in a part of hydrocarbon containing formation under certain pressure separately.The pressure of combustion by-products logistics can be 6MPa at least, 10MPa or 12MPa or equal the pressure on stratum at least at least, perhaps the combustion by-products logistics can be forced into above-mentioned pressure and inject well by well or steam and inject the hydrocarbon stratum under this pressure.The combustion by-products logistics can be introduced the one or more wells that are arranged in hydrocarbon surface of stratum below about 100,200,500,1000,1500,2500,5000 or ten thousand metres degree of depth place.Heat the hydrocarbon that hydrocarbon containing formation can be gathered and is not easy to gather by conventional hydrocarbon collecting method in the more shallow degree of depth.
In an embodiment of the inventive method,, a part of hydrocarbon stratum is injected in the combustion by-products logistics in conjunction with the steam method for implanting.The steam method for implanting can comprise steam drive, cyclic steam injection, SAGD or steam be injected other method on hydrocarbon stratum.The combustion by-products logistics can be injected a part of hydrocarbon stratum by one or more wells with water/steam, and/or combustion by-products logistics and water/steam can be injected in independent well in a part of hydrocarbon stratum, thereby combustion by-products is mixed with the water that is injected in the hydrocarbon stratum.
In an embodiment of the inventive method, the combustion by-products logistics and the optional water/steam that comprise oxysulfide can make up with carbon dioxide, and are introduced in the hydrocarbon stratum.Introducing the combustion by-products logistics that comprises oxysulfide with the combination of steam and/or carbon dioxide can provide heat and/or be enough to order about heavy hydrocarbon and move in the hydrocarbon layer.
By reaction heat, the heat of solvation, conduction heat or advection heat can transfer heat to formation fluid (comprising water), to introduce in the stratum fluid and/or to a part of hydrocarbon containing formation.The fluid and/or the combustion by-products logistics that are incorporated in the stratum can pass to heat at least a portion hydrocarbon containing formation and/or formation fluid.
Convective heat transfer may take place when uncondensable unmixing gas such as nitrogen contact with formation fluid and/or hydrocarbon containing formation.When oxidant stream was formed by compressed air or oxygen-enriched air, the combustion by-products logistics may comprise nitrogen.When overheated miscible solvent steam (as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and/or sulfur dioxide steam) when contacting with formation fluid and/or hydrocarbon containing formation, also convective heat transfer may take place.When overheated unmixability solvent vapo(u)r such as water contact with formation fluid and/or hydrocarbon containing formation, also convective heat transfer may take place.
When the liquid vapour lime set of heat contacted with formation fluid and/or hydrocarbon containing formation, conduction heat transfer may take place.When the liquid miscible solvent (as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and/or sulfur dioxide) of heat when contacting with formation fluid and/or hydrocarbon containing formation, conduction heat transfer may take place.
When a kind of compound and the reaction of another kind of compound, the heat transmission of the heat that may react.For example, oxysulfide forms solution with liquid water and/or in well with water/steam in hydrocarbon containing formation, produce reaction heat.When oxygen and hydrocarbon or sulphur compound reaction formation oxycarbide or oxysulfide, also can produce reaction heat.
When at least a component is dissolved, can produce dissolution heat in solvent.For example, when dissolving, sulfuric acid can produce heat in water.
The heat that passes to the hydrocarbon stratum can make formation fluid move.One or more producing wells can be positioned at certain position and be used for collecting mobile formation fluid, thereby can gather formation fluid from the hydrocarbon stratum.
In an embodiment of the inventive method, the fuel stream that comprises hydrogen sulfide can originate from the hydrocarbon stratum, preferably comprises the fuel stream heat hydrocarbon stratum of hydrogen sulfide by burning.Fig. 1 has described the schematic diagram of handling the formation fluid that originates from the hydrocarbon stratum.Can obtain to comprise the fuel stream of hydrogen sulfide by separate hydrogen sulfide from the formation fluid that originates from hydrocarbon containing formation, gas storage layer, ground installation or their combination.The formation fluid of producing from hydrocarbon layer 102 100 enters fluid separation element 104 and is separated into liquid stream 106, gas stream 108 and aqueous stream 110.Liquid stream 106 can be transported to other processing unit and/or storage unit.Gas stream 108 can comprise hydrocarbon, cos, oxysulfide, hydrogen sulfide, organosulfur compound, hydrogen, carbon dioxide or their mixture, but is not limited to this.Gas stream 108 can enter gas separation unit 112, to isolate carburet hydrogen logistics 114 from gas stream.In gas separation unit 112, handle gas stream 108 and from carburet hydrogen logistics 114, isolate at least a portion hydrogen sulfide stream 116, at least a portion carbon dioxide 118, at least a portion sulfur dioxide logistics 120 and/or at least a portion hydrogen gas stream 122.Gas separation unit can be handled from the gas in storage layer, gas field and/or from the waste stream of other ground installation.
Can dry hydrogen sulfide stream 116 to remove moisture.For example, can make hydrogen sulfide stream 116 dryings by hydrogen sulfide stream being contacted with ethylene glycol remove water.
At least a portion hydrogen sulfide stream 116 enters burner 126.At least a portion gas stream 108, at least a portion hydrocarbon stream 114 and/or at least a portion carbon dioxide 118 can enter burner 126.In burner 126, hydrogen sulfide stream 116, gas stream 108, hydrocarbon stream 114 or their mixture can react with oxidant stream 124, to produce heat and combustion by-products logistics 128.In some embodiments, without gas stream 108, hydrocarbon stream 114 and/or carbon dioxide 118.
Combustion by-products logistics 128 comprises one or more oxysulfides.Combustion by-products logistics 128 can comprise sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and/or nitrogen.In some embodiments, thus at least a portion sulfur dioxide logistics 120 can form the logistics that be rich in sulfur dioxide with a part of combustion by-products logistics 128 combinations.
Elementary sulfur can be with hydrogen sulfide stream 116 burnings.Elementary sulfur can offer burner and/or can and can burn with hydrogen sulfide stream 116 in burner 126 with hydrogen sulfide stream 116 combinations, to form combustion by-products logistics 128.In some embodiments, the hydrogen sulfide stream of the combination of burning and elementary sulfur contain at least 0.1 gram, at least 0.3 gram, at least 0.5 gram, at least 0.7 gram, at least 0.9 gram or at least 0.99 gram atom sulphur by the hydrogen sulfide stream 116 and the elementary sulfur of every gram combination in burner 126, press ASTM method D4294 and measure.
The heat that burner 126 produces can be used to add hot water, produces the logistics that comprises steam.Described logistics can be used for the driving process.The fuel that burning comprises hydrogen sulfide may produce the required heat of the vapoury logistics of at least 25% heat packs.In some embodiments, heating is used to drive that the water needed at least 25%, at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 95% of technology, other ground installation technology, other hydrocarbon recovery process or their combination or all heat comprise the logistics 116 of hydrogen sulfide by burning and the fuel of optional elementary sulfur produces.
In some embodiments, the method for processing hydrocarbon containing formation is included in and burns in one or more ground installations by the fuel of every gram fuel sulfur content at least 0.1 gram atom sulphur, to produce at least one combustion by-products logistics.The combustion by-products logistics comprises one or more oxysulfides.Provide the logistics of at least a portion oxysulfide at least a portion hydrocarbon containing formation.The logistics that will comprise steam offers a plurality of wellholes in the hydrocarbon containing formation.The logistics of at least a portion oxysulfide contacts to produce heat with steam and/or the water in the stratum that at least a portion offers the hydrocarbon stratum.
Can control the composition of combustion by-products logistics 128 to be injected.In some embodiments, the composition of combustion by-products logistics 128 to be injected can be controlled by mixing the logistics of various sulfureted hydrogen burning product.In some embodiments, by making sulfur dioxide logistics 120 and combustion by-products logistics 128 combinations regulate the composition of combustion by-products logistics 128.In some embodiments, with combustion by-products logistics 128 heating, and be introduced directly in stratum or the wellhole.In some embodiments, at least a portion fuel of comprising hydrogen sulfide produces hot water and further comprises to hydrocarbon containing formation at least a portion hot water is provided.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have described the system schematic of being produced hydrocarbon by hydrocarbon containing formation (routine tar sand formation).Hydrocarbon layer 102 comprises one or more heavy hydrocarbon parts that contain.Hydrocarbon layer 102 can be positioned at 130 belows, superstratum.Can use several different methods and produce hydrocarbon by hydrocarbon layer 102.
The applying steam method for implanting can produce hydrocarbon from a part of hydrocarbon layer 102.In the steam method for implanting, the logistics 132 that will comprise steam by the perforate 134 of injecting well 136 is incorporated into hydrocarbon layer 102.As shown in Figure 2, the steam method for implanting is used vertical substantially well.It should be understood that and to use any well structure (for example basic horizontal or tilting substantially).In some embodiments, the terminal point of steam injection well 136 is positioned at the depths of below 100,200,500,1000,1500,2500,5000 or ten thousand metres.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide of heating is introduced and injected well 136 separately or with steam 132 combinations.The carbon dioxide of introducing at least a portion heating can be by heating, layer fluid and/or reduce its viscosity and help formation fluid and move to producing well 138 drivingly.Injecting at least a portion carbon dioxide in wellhole may be favourable concerning reducing CO2 emission.In some embodiments, steam 132 comprises carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or sulfur dioxide, and for example, steam 132 can mix with at least a portion sulfur dioxide logistics 120 and/or at least a portion combustion by-products logistics 128.
In some embodiments, the application of heat device is handled a part of hydrocarbon layer 102 before the steam method for implanting.Heater can be used to improve the temperature and/or the permeability of a part of hydrocarbon layer 102.Can produce some hydrocarbon by producing well 138 by heat hydrocarbon layer.Can deliver to ground installation (as shown in fig. 1) by the formation fluid 100 that producing well 138 removes.In some embodiments, heat hydrocarbon layer 102 not before steam injects.The distribution and the quantity that inject well, heater well and producing well can be for being enough to any amount or the geometry by hydrocarbon containing formation grown place layer fluid.
In some embodiments, inject well 136 and comprise heater or a series of heater.In some embodiments, behind some hydrocarbon of hydrocarbon layer 102 output, inserting heater at injection well 136.In some embodiments, the heater that injects well 136 can combustion fuel, injects the steam that well was injected with heating.
In some embodiments, a part of steam 132 temperature at least 200 ℃, at least 225 ℃, at least 250 ℃ or at least 260 ℃ and pressure limit for being incorporated into injection well 136 under about 1-15MPa.The steam that injects the stratum can move and/or drive heavy hydrocarbon to producing well 138.
Part combustion by-products logistics 128 can enter by pipeline 140 injects well 136.In some embodiments, sulfur dioxide logistics 120 and combustion by-products logistics 128 combinations.In some embodiments, before the logistics that will comprise steam offered hydrocarbon containing formation, the combustion by-products logistics that makes at least a portion comprise one or more oxysulfides mixed with the logistics that comprises steam.
In some embodiments, pipeline 140 can comprise perforate 142, so that the water that exists in combustion by-products logistics 128 and steam 132 and/or the stratum mixes.The mixture of steam 132, steam 132 and combustion by-products logistics 128 and/or the mixture of combustion by-products logistics and formation water can pass to heat hydrocarbon layer 102.The mixture of steam 132, steam 132 and combustion by-products logistics 128 and/or combustion by-products logistics 128 self enter hydrocarbon layer 102 by the perforate 134 of injecting well 136.
In some embodiments, combustion by-products logistics 128 directly is injected into the steam 132 that injects well 136 and/or before injecting well, mix with steam 132.Combustion by-products logistics from other technology also can mix with steam 132 before steam 132 is introduced injection well 136.The logistics 128 of combination at least a portion combustion by-products and other optional combustion by-products logistics will provide heat at least a portion steam 132.
At least a portion sulfur dioxide logistics 120 also can mix at the well head place of injecting well 136 with the logistics that comprises steam 132.At least a portion sulfur dioxide logistics 120 and steam 132 combinations can be heated at least a portion steam, and provide additional formation fluid carminative for logistics.
Opening 142 can be opened and/or close, to allow that the specific part that injects well 136 and/or hydrocarbon layer 102 is introduced in combustion by-products logistics 128.Can regulate the position of pipeline 140, thereby allow pipeline is placed the different piece of injecting well 136.A part of steam 132 can be introduced the described part of injecting well 136 between the inwall of pipeline 140 outer walls and injection well 136.
In some embodiments, the part between pipeline 140 outer walls and injection well 136 inwalls is for being communicated with the passage that injects well and described pipeline.Part steam 132 and combustion by-products logistics 128 can be introduced into pipeline 140 and pipeline 140 outer walls and inject between well 136 inwalls.
As shown in Figure 3, a part of combustion by-products logistics 128 can enter injection well 136 in hydrocarbon layer 102 and the injection well 144 between the producing well 138.Inject well 144 and can comprise perforate 146, so that combustion by-products logistics 128 enters the stratum, and mixes with formation water, and/or when steam flows into the stratum by perforate 134, mix, thereby enter hydrocarbon layer 102 with steam 132.The steam of steam, cooling and/or formation water discharge heat with mixing to the hydrocarbon stratum of combustion by-products logistics.
Injecting well 136,144 can be with the material manufacturing of anti-oxysulfide well known in the prior art.For example, inject well 136,144 and can use Hastelloy
C276, alloy 230, alloy 800H, alloy 370H, nickel/copper/ferroalloy or cobalt-chromium alloy manufacturing.
The heat of steam 132 can form first thermal treatment zone.Hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon layer 102 can be moved by heat and be produced by producing well 138.
In some embodiments, oxysulfide in the combustion by-products logistics 128 and water can produce additional convection current and/or conduction heat and form second thermal treatment zone in hydrocarbon layer 102.Heat from second thermal treatment zone can pass to a part of hydrocarbon layer 102 and formation fluid is moved to producing well 138.
The logistics 128 of at least a portion combustion by-products contacts with water 132 and can heat the water that injects well 136 and/or hydrocarbon layer 102, thereby forms second thermal treatment zone.Second thermal treatment zone can be heated the hydrocarbon layer 102 of the approaching injection of part well 136 terminals and/or be extended in the hydrocarbon layer 102.Because from the heat of combustion by-products logistics, compare with conventional drive fluid technology, unit volume can produce the hydrocarbon amount of increase.First and second thermals treatment zone may be overlapping.
In some embodiments, there is larger distance second thermal treatment zone from injecting well 136.For example, the combustion by-products logistics can drive steam and enter the stratum.When vapor condensation, the oxysulfide in the combustion by-products logistics can react with the water in condensed water and/or the stratum, thereby produces heat owing to forming sulfuric acid.Sulfuric acid can mix and discharge dissolution heat with water.Heat that discharges and/or the heat that is produced by the combustion by-products logistics can heat the stratum fully, thereby drive hydrocarbon stream to producing well 138.The combination of Steam Heating and latent heat heating (heating behind the vapor condensation) has and is beneficial to recovery of hydrocarbons from the stratum.Than the energy and/or the heat demand of traditional hydrocarbon recovery process, all introduce the sensible heat of component and the combination of latent heat can reduce the energy and/or the heat demand of producing hydrocarbon from the stratum.
In some embodiments, a part of combustion by-products logistics 128 and/or sulfur dioxide logistics 120 can be compressed to form liquid stream.Sulfur dioxide liquid can be strengthened the dissolving of organic compound.In some embodiments, before injecting hydrocarbon stratum and/or wellhole, can compress a part of sulfur dioxide logistics and/or a part of combustion by-products logistics.
In some embodiments, limestone is contained on the stratum.When oxysulfide contacts with the stratum in the presence of water, limestone and oxysulfide reaction and generation carbon dioxide.Carbon dioxide can flow to producing well 138 with propelling fluid as additional drive fluid.
In some embodiments, when combustion by-products logistics and/or sulfur dioxide logistics were introduced into the stratum, these logistics can increase the shear rate on the hydrocarbon fluid that is applied in the stratum, and reduced the viscosity of non newtonian hydrocarbon fluid in the stratum.Introducing combustion by-products logistics and/or sulfur dioxide logistics can increase the ground layer segment that can be used for exploiting in the stratum.The introducing of combustion by-products logistics and/or sulfur dioxide logistics can increase the ratio between stratum energy output (originating from the energy content of the product on stratum) and the stratum energy input (handling the energy consumption on stratum).
In some embodiments, in the presence of oxidant, the fuel of combustion of sulfur hydrogen and appropriate hydrocarbon gas produces the combustion by-products logistics that comprises oxysulfide and other non-hydrocarbon gas such as nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, organosulfur compound, cos and carbon dioxide.Produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or nitrogen oxide in the combustion process of the hydrocarbon in fuel stream and have the heating steam of being beneficial to 132, drive steam 132 and enter hydrocarbon layer 102 and/or make formation fluid flow to producing well 138.
The formation fluid (as heavy hydrocarbon) that originates from producing well 138 can be handled in ground installation (for example described ground installation of Fig. 1), to form gas stream and liquid stream.Gas stream may comprise hydrogen sulfide, appropriate hydrocarbon gas, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, organosulfur compound, cos and/or carbon dioxide.Some gas streams can enter burner (for example referring to the burner among Fig. 1 126).At least a portion sulfur dioxide that originates from the gas stream of producing well 138 can be in oxidation in burner 126 in the presence of the oxidant, and forms the combustion by-products logistics 128 that is rich in sulfur trioxide.The logistics that is rich in sulfur trioxide can cause in the hydrocarbon layer 102, mixes with steam 132, and discharges dissolution heat.The sulfur dioxide that circulates in a certain way, thus the method for all emissions that a kind of obvious reduction produces by burner 126 is provided, thereby compare with the gaseous effluent (for example producing carbon dioxide) that independent burning hydrocarbon produces and to have reduced discharging.
In some embodiments, in ground installation (for example ground installation described in Fig. 1), from the gas stream that is produced, isolate sulfur dioxide, producing sulfur dioxide logistics 120, and with combustion by-products logistics 128 combinations.In some embodiments, sulfur dioxide logistics 120 is directly introduced injection well 144 and/or hydrocarbon containing formation 102.
According to this manual, other of various aspects of the present invention revised and alternate embodiment will be tangible to those skilled in the art.Therefore, this manual only understand as example and purpose be the instruction those skilled in the art implement general fashion of the present invention.Will be understood that this paper form of the present invention given and that describe will be considered to the example of embodiment.Some key elements and material can replace this paper illustrated and describe those, some parts and process can be put upside down, can use separately with some feature of the present invention, all these all are tangible after benefiting from description of the invention for a person skilled in the art.Under the condition that does not depart from the described the spirit and scope of the present invention of following claim, can change key element described herein.
Claims (14)
1. method of handling hydrocarbon containing formation, described method comprises:
One or more ground installations to the hydrocarbon containing formation outside provide the fuel that comprises hydrogen sulfide;
Comprise the fuel of hydrogen sulfide at least a portion of at least one ground installation, burning in the presence of the oxidant, thereby produce at least a combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides;
The combustion by-products logistics that makes at least a portion comprise one or more oxysulfides contacts with water to produce heat; With
The combustion by-products logistics is contacted the heat that produces pass to hydrocarbon containing formation with water.
2. the method for claim 1 also comprises the steps:
Provide the logistics that comprises steam to a part of hydrocarbon containing formation, wherein at least a portion logistics of comprising steam comprises with the combustion by-products logistics and contacts to produce at least a portion water of heat.
3. the method for claim 2 also comprises the steps:
The combustion by-products logistics that provides at least a portion to comprise one or more oxysulfides at least a portion hydrocarbon containing formation; Wherein at least a portion logistics of comprising steam contacts with the combustion by-products logistics in the hydrocarbon stratum.
4. the method for claim 2 also comprises the steps:
Before the logistics that will comprise steam offers hydrocarbon containing formation, comprise the logistics of steam with at least a portion combustion by-products logistics heating at least a portion.
5. the method for claim 2, wherein at least a portion logistics of comprising steam contacts with the combustion by-products logistics in the wellhole on contiguous hydrocarbon stratum.
6. the method for claim 2, the wherein water of at least a portion water that contacts with the combustion by-products logistics in the hydrocarbon stratum, existing.
7. the process of claim 1 wherein that at least a portion water that contacts with the combustion by-products logistics is the water that exists in the hydrocarbon stratum.
8. each method of claim 1-7, wherein said fuel comprises the hydrogen sulfide of 1vol% at least, presses ASTM method D2420 and measures.
9. each method of claim 1-8, wherein said fuel comprises elementary sulfur.
10. each method of claim 1-9 wherein provides the combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides to comprise to the one or more wells that are arranged near the hydrocarbon containing formation vapoury a part of hydrocarbon stratum and introduces the combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides.
11. each method of claim 1-10 wherein provides the combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides to comprise to the downstream part that steam injects well and introduces the combustion by-products logistics that comprises one or more oxysulfides.
12. each method of claim 1-11, wherein at least a oxysulfide comprises sulfur dioxide, comprises with sulfur dioxide and makes at least a portion formation fluid solvation with contacting.
13. each method of claim 1-12 also comprises the steps:
With the heat that is produced at least a portion hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon containing formation is moved; With
The hydrocarbon that at least a portion of gathering moves.
14. each method of claim 1-13 wherein obtains hydrogen sulfide by separate hydrogen sulfide from the formation fluid that originates from hydrocarbon containing formation, gas storage layer, ground installation or their combination.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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|---|---|---|---|
| US4613608P | 2008-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | |
| PCT/US2009/040922 WO2009129442A2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-04-17 | Method for recovery of hydrocarbons from a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102282335A true CN102282335A (en) | 2011-12-14 |
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| CN200980119193XA Pending CN102282335A (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-04-17 | Method for recovery of hydrocarbons from a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation |
Country Status (5)
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| US (1) | US20090260825A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2265796A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102282335A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2720986A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009129442A2 (en) |
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| CN102365495A (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2012-02-29 | 清洁能源系统股份有限公司 | Method of direct steam generation using an oxyfuel combustor |
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| WO2013119778A1 (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-15 | Marathon Canadian Oil Sands Holding Limited | Systems and methods for integrating bitumen extraction with bitumen upgrading |
| KR20150096737A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-08-25 | 제넨테크, 인크. | Prediction of molecular bioactivation |
| CA2852542C (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2017-08-01 | Cenovus Energy Inc. | Hydrocarbon recovery facilitated by in situ combustion |
| US10590749B2 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2020-03-17 | Stepan Company | Steam foam methods for steam-assisted gravity drainage |
| CN105863593A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-17 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | Unconventional oil and gas environment-friendly exploiting device and method |
| WO2019035900A2 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-21 | Oxy Usa Inc. | Sulfur management method |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009129442A3 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
| EP2265796A2 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| WO2009129442A2 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
| US20090260825A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
| CA2720986A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
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