CN102279153B - High-pressure viewing mirror for ammonium salt flowing deposition testing of hydrogenation air cooler - Google Patents
High-pressure viewing mirror for ammonium salt flowing deposition testing of hydrogenation air cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN102279153B CN102279153B CN 201110082158 CN201110082158A CN102279153B CN 102279153 B CN102279153 B CN 102279153B CN 201110082158 CN201110082158 CN 201110082158 CN 201110082158 A CN201110082158 A CN 201110082158A CN 102279153 B CN102279153 B CN 102279153B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure viewing mirror for an ammonium salt flowing deposition testing of a hydrogenation air cooler. An inlet straight pipe segment, an outlet straight pipe segment, and a flange are welded respectively on corresponding surfaces of a high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame with a horizontal center hole; a light source hole and an optical amplification system viewing hole are respectively disposed on the upper surface and another side surface of the bracing frame, and are communicated with the horizontal center hole; a glass flat mirror is mounted between the upper surface of the bracing frame with the light source hole and a light source bracing frame with a center hole; a cylindrical glass flat mirror and a glass flat mirror are orderly mounted between the side surface of the bracing frame with the optical amplification system viewing hole and an optical amplification system bracing frame with a center hole from the inside to the outside; one end of an optical amplification system equipped with an object lens is fixed on the optical amplification system bracing frame by an adjusting mechanism, and the other end is connected to an image acquisition system through a CCD lens. The invention is applicable to real industrial environment, and can realize the testing of critical characteristics of ammonium salt deposition under operation conditions with different temperatures, different pressures, different flow rates, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ammonium salt sedimentation test macro, specifically relate to a kind of high-pressure viewing mirror that is applied to the test of hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow deposition.
Background technology
Petrochemical industry, as the important component part of Chinese national economy development, is the important leverage that promotes China's sustained economic development.Along with the rapid growth of Chinese national economy, the problem of domestic oil product supply deficiency is increasingly serious.Therefore, many oil refining enterprises have just been carried out the high-sulfur capacity expansion revamping of oil refining apparatus one after another from latter stage in last century, in the technological process of processing high-sulfur peracid crude oil with poor quality, hydrocracking reaction effluent air cooler (Reactor Effluent Air Coolers is called for short REAC) and the corrosion leakage of the pipeline that links thereof are the major obstacles that affects the device long-term operation always.Three during the last ten years, comprises that NACE, UOP and API etc., successively through a large amount of investigations, have analyzed the failure effect factor of REAC system, proposes to set up with velocity of medium, corrosion factor Kp value, NH
4the Failure Control system that HS concentration is main body, reduced the risk probability of hydrogenation REAC system to a certain extent.Because above-mentioned achievement in research mostly is a large amount of inefficacy investigation case statistical study, in application process, have some limitations, since particularly entering the new century, development along with device maximization, feedstock oil in poor quality, operating condition harshnessization, although many new equipments are designed in strict accordance with above-mentioned standard, but still a lot of tube bank corrosion leakage accidents have appearred, led to serious economic loss.
Existing achievement in research shows, the failure mode of hydrogenation REAC system mainly is divided into multi-phase flow erosion, ammonium salt crystallization deposition underdeposit corrosion, ammonium salt crystallization deposition and stops up the three major types such as local erosion that tube bank causes at present.The underdeposit corrosion wherein caused for the ammonium salt crystallization deposition and the local Erosion Mechanism after obstruction can be expressed as: actual feedstock oil is rich in sulphur and nitrogen compound and a small amount of chloride, generates H after hydrogenation reaction
2s, HCl and NH
3, and then generate ammonium salt NH
4hS and NH
4cl.The reaction effluent that contains above-mentioned Korrosionsmedium exists complicated phase transformation in cooling procedure, wherein ammonium salt NH
4hS and NH
4cl can directly become solid crystals by vapor condensation, in the situation that lack aqueous water, can stop up rapidly the REAC tube bank.For preventing ammonium salt blockage, usually in hydrogenation REAC upstream water filling, although water filling can effectively prevent from stopping up, also can form the ammonium salt aqueous solution of highly corrosive, flow velocity is too low, and the ammonium salt blockage tube bank causes underdeposit corrosion, and flow velocity is too fast, easily causes multi-phase flow erosion.For the corrosion leakage problem that the frequent tube bank ammonium salt sedimentation occurred of REAC system causes both at home and abroad at present, comprise that external NACE, UOP, API etc. also can only analyze the measure that proposes to prevent ammonium salt sedimentation by rule of thumb, be specifically related to deposition position, deposition, deposition operating mode of ammonium salt etc., still lack effective deposition predicting means.
For study the easy crystallographic component of polyphasic flow deposition problems, more domestic and international Research Centers universities and colleges have in one's power designed multiple polyphasic flow deposition test device, but its major part is for silt, to flow to wait to deposit test, and test condition and engineering actual difference are very large, be difficult to use for reference the critical characteristic of realizing hydrogenation REAC system ammonium salt sedimentation, therefore this paper proposes to design a kind of high-pressure viewing mirror that is applied to the test of on-the-spot hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow deposition, realize different flow in conjunction with existing air-cooler system ammonium salt sedimentation experiment test macro, different temperatures, NH under the operating conditions such as different pressures
4hS and NH
4cl deposits critical characteristic, for the optimal design of hydrogenation REAC system, Optimum Operation and optimization operation provide scientific guidance.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existed for domestic and international polyphasic flow sedimentation experiment device, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-pressure viewing mirror for the test of hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow deposition, is applicable to hydrogenation air-cooler NH
4hS and NH
4the crystallization deposition critical characteristic test of two kinds of ammonium salts of Cl.This high-pressure viewing mirror can be for the actual condition in the hydrocracking industrial environment, the crystallization deposition critical characteristic of the above-mentioned two kinds of ammonium salts of Real-Time Monitoring.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Have the two sides corresponding to square high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame of horizontal center pit, weld respectively import straight length and outlet straight length, the import straight length is connected with suction flange, and the outlet straight length is connected with discharge flange; Above the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame be not installed into mouthful straight length and open respectively the light source hole identical with horizontal center-hole diameter and optical amplification system window with a center, side of outlet straight length, and connect with horizontal center pit; After having above the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame of light source hole and having between the light source bracing frame of center pit the first glass planar mirror is installed, fastening by fastening bolt, have the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame of optical amplification system window and have between the optical amplification system bracing frame of center pit install successively from inside to outside after cylindrical glass level crossing and the second glass planar mirror fastening by fastening bolt; Optical amplification system one end that object lens are installed is fixed on the optical amplification system bracing frame by setting nut, spring shim, and the other end and CCD camera lens link, and the CCD camera lens links by base band coaxial cable and image capturing system.
It does not protrude 1/3 of the horizontal center-hole diameter of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame with the side that the second glass planar mirror links described cylindrical glass level crossing.
The horizontal center pit of described high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame, light source hole are identical with optical amplification system window aperture.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The present invention adopts the CCD probe to observe NH by image capturing system in real time
4hS and NH
4the crystallization deposition process of two kinds of ammonium salts of Cl.The high-pressure viewing mirror monitoring scheme that the present invention proposes is applicable to industrial actual environment, can realize the deposition critical characteristic test of ammonium salt under the operating conditions such as different temperatures, different pressures, different flow.The high-pressure viewing mirror of design is significant for carrying out the device security safeguards technique researchs such as REAC system tube bank failure analysis, optimal design, risk inspection and life appraisal.In addition, the present invention is simple in structure, except being applicable to petrochemical industry tube bank kind equipment, also can be widely used in the corrosivity polyphasic flow deposition critical characteristic test of coal chemical technology.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of A in Fig. 1.
In figure: 1, outlet straight length, 2, discharge flange, 3, the optical amplification system bracing frame, 4, light source hole, 5, the light source bracing frame, 6, suction flange, 7, import straight length, 8, fastening bolt, 9, the optical amplification system window, 10, high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame, the 11, first glass planar mirror, the 12, second glass planar mirror, 13, cylindrical glass level crossing, 14, spring shim, 15, optical amplification system, 16, CCD camera lens, 17, object lens, 18, setting nut.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention includes outlet straight length 1, discharge flange 2, optical amplification system bracing frame 3, light source hole 4, light source bracing frame 5, suction flange 6, import straight length 7, fastening bolt 8 and optical amplification system window 9; Wherein, import straight length 7 and outlet straight length 1 are welded respectively in the two sides that have square high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 correspondences of horizontal center pit, and import straight length 7 is connected with suction flange 6, and outlet straight length 1 is connected with discharge flange 2; Above high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 and be not installed into mouthful straight length 7 and open respectively the light source hole 4 identical with horizontal center-hole diameter and optical amplification system window 9 with a center, side that exports straight length 1, and connect with the horizontal center pit of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10; Have above the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 of light source hole 4 with 5 installation the first glass planar mirrors 11 of the light source bracing frame that has center pit after, fastening by fastening bolt, have the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 of optical amplification system window 9 and have between the optical amplification system bracing frame 3 of center pit install successively from inside to outside after cylindrical glass level crossing 13 and the second glass planar mirror 12 fastening by fastening bolt; Optical amplification system 15 1 ends that object lens 17 are installed are fixed on optical amplification system bracing frame 3 by setting nut 18, spring shim 14, and the other end and CCD camera lens 16 link, and the CCD camera lens links by base band coaxial cable and image capturing system.Between cylindrical glass level crossing 13 and the second glass planar mirror 12, by the solid gum bonding connection, it must not protrude 1/3 of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 horizontal center-hole diameters with the side that the second glass planar mirror links cylindrical glass level crossing 13.High-pressure viewing mirror after installing, the outlet installation form of its optical amplification system window 9 is for installing vertically downward.
Specific works process of the present invention:
Reaction effluent polyphasic flow medium flow to the horizontal center pit import of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 through suction flange 6, import straight length 7, and horizontal center pit outlet flow to discharge flange 2 through outlet straight length 1.In experimentation, at the interior installation light source of light source hole 4, can expose to the horizontal center pit of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame, in order to auxiliary CCD camera lens 6 image acquisition; Because optical amplification system window 9 outlet installation forms are installation vertically downward, in order to guarantee that the process fluid flow medium does not form hydrops in the space between cylindrical glass level crossing 13 tops and the horizontal center pit of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10, in order to avoid affect radiation response and the image taking effect of light source, therefore require cylindrical glass level crossing 13 tops will exceed 1/3 of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 horizontal center-hole diameters.In view of optical amplification system bracing frame 3 is structure vertically downward, the object lens 17 of optical amplification system 15 just can observe the horizontal center pit of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame 10 top, if the not fogging clear focal length that can pass through setting nut 18 and spring shim 14 adjusting object lens 17 in image acquisition process.Because reaction effluent is oil, gas, water three phase compositions, in flow process, lamination can occur because density is different in oil, gas, water three-phase, and pipeline top gas phase is more, according to NH
4hS and NH
4the mobile sedimentation mechanism of Cl, two kinds of ammonium salts are understood direct crystallize out and are attached to horizontal center pit top from the vapor condensation process, therefore can pass through optical amplification system 15, through object lens, CCD camera lens etc., the ammonium salt particle of pipeline top deposition is amplified to 50 ~ 100 times, and by the base band coaxial cable outputting analog signal, change digital signal into and image capturing system (industrial computer) links after the A/D conversion; In the process that changes pressure, flow and temperature, can realize NH under the different experiments operating mode
4hS and NH
4the critical characteristic of two kinds of ammonium-salt flow depositions of Cl is tested, and can draw out the mobile sedimentation curve of ammonium salt in the process that changes separately pressure, flow or temperature.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is applied to the high-pressure viewing mirror that the hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow deposition is tested, it is characterized in that: two sides corresponding to square high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame (10) that have horizontal center pit, weld respectively import straight length (7) and outlet straight length (1), import straight length (7) is connected with suction flange (6), and outlet straight length (1) is connected with discharge flange (2); Above high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame (10) and be not installed into a mouthful straight length (7) and open respectively the light source hole (4) identical with horizontal center-hole diameter and optical amplification system window (9) with a center, side that exports straight length (1), and connect with horizontal center pit; Have above the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame (10) of light source hole (4) with the light source bracing frame (5) that has center pit between after installation the first glass planar mirror (11), fastening by fastening bolt, have the high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame (10) of optical amplification system window (9) and have between the optical amplification system bracing frame (3) of center pit install successively from inside to outside after cylindrical glass level crossing (13) and the second glass planar mirror (12) fastening by fastening bolt; Optical amplification system (15) one ends that object lens (17) are installed are fixed on optical amplification system bracing frame (3) by setting nut (18), spring shim (14), the other end and CCD camera lens (16) link, and the CCD camera lens links by base band coaxial cable and image capturing system.
2. a kind of high-pressure viewing mirror for hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow deposition test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it does not protrude 1/3 of the horizontal center-hole diameter of high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame (10) with the side that the second glass planar mirror links described cylindrical glass level crossing (13).
3. a kind of high-pressure viewing mirror for hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow deposition test according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the horizontal center pit of described high-pressure viewing mirror bracing frame (10), light source hole (4) are identical with optical amplification system window (9) aperture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110082158 CN102279153B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | High-pressure viewing mirror for ammonium salt flowing deposition testing of hydrogenation air cooler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110082158 CN102279153B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | High-pressure viewing mirror for ammonium salt flowing deposition testing of hydrogenation air cooler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102279153A CN102279153A (en) | 2011-12-14 |
| CN102279153B true CN102279153B (en) | 2013-05-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110082158 Expired - Fee Related CN102279153B (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | High-pressure viewing mirror for ammonium salt flowing deposition testing of hydrogenation air cooler |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108458876A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-08-28 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | SCR post-processes urea crystals off-line simulation pilot system |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5821428A (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1998-10-13 | Koch Enterprises, Inc. | Sealed observation element for sulfur recovery unit |
| CN2808732Y (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2006-08-23 | 中国海洋大学 | Inspection window for high pressure vessel |
| US7540187B1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2009-06-02 | Dillon Robert J | Sight glass apparatus |
| JP2010002105A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Refrigeration cycle device |
| CN201651651U (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-11-24 | 宁波梦益电子科技有限公司 | Four-way joint view mirror |
| CN201654305U (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-11-24 | 宁波梦益电子科技有限公司 | Three-way sight glass |
| CN101825589B (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-10-26 | 杭州富如德科技有限公司 | Test apparatus for site ammonium salt sedimentation experiment of reaction effluent air cooler |
| CN201773209U (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2011-03-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Sight glass |
| CN202018427U (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-10-26 | 杭州富如德科技有限公司 | High-pressure viewing mirror applied to hydrogenation air-cooler ammonium-salt flow and deposition testing |
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2011
- 2011-04-01 CN CN 201110082158 patent/CN102279153B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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