CN1022777C - Molten body high-temp. measuring method and its apparatus - Google Patents
Molten body high-temp. measuring method and its apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1022777C CN1022777C CN 91106724 CN91106724A CN1022777C CN 1022777 C CN1022777 C CN 1022777C CN 91106724 CN91106724 CN 91106724 CN 91106724 A CN91106724 A CN 91106724A CN 1022777 C CN1022777 C CN 1022777C
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- temperature
- thermopair
- melt
- temperature measuring
- thermometric
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the temperature of high temperature melt. In the method, a high reproducibility thermocouple is inserted in a mel and stays for a moment for obtaining the temperature signal of the melt; the real time temperature of the melt is displayed or printed after the process of the temperature signal of the melt; simultaneously, the optimum temperature state of the melt is adjusted and controlled in time according to requirements; the whole temperature measurement and temperature control processes are both managed by a computer for reducing labor strength, simplifying operation and realizing good quality, high output, energy saving, etc. The method has the advantages of fast temperature measurement reaction, small error, long service life of thermocouples, simple device and easy industrialization and provides an ideal device for the temperature measurement of high temperature melts of aluminium electrolysis operation, copper matte segregation, mineral melting, silicate melts, fused salt electrolysis, etc.
Description
The present invention is relevant with control with the temperature survey of high-temperature fusant.
High-temperature fusant generally is meant high temperature products such as liquid metal, liquid matte, liquid slag, fuse salt, glass melt, and they are pyrometallurgy, molten-salt electrolysis, the physical chemistry of silicate purification or the necessary process of electrochemical reaction.Melt too high or too low for temperature all will influence normally carrying out of metallurgical operation, in time detect and control the temperature of melt, be one of essential condition that guarantees the metallurgical production normal operation.With the alumina molten salt electrolysis process is example.The electrolyte that Aluminium Electrolysis is used is with Na
3AlF
6-AlF
3-Al
2O
3Be the fuse salt of base, electrolytical temperature is generally in 940～980 ℃ of scopes.Show that according to detection electrolytical temperature is the key factor that influences current efficiency and power consumption, when 10 ℃ of electrolyte temperature reductions, and current efficiency can improve 2%; Yet temperature is low excessively, and the corresponding increase of electrolytical density and viscosity is unfavorable for the layering of electrolyte and metallic aluminium, and the discharge of anodic gas.Therefore, often detecting electrolytical temperature and it is controlled at the optimum temperature state, is the precondition that Aluminium Electrolysis obtains the good technique economic target.Because aluminium electrolyte temperature height, corrosivity are strong how in time, exactly, measure its temperature, are the important topics in the aluminium electroloysis operation.Be engaged in the worker of Aluminum both at home and abroad, carried out many-sided research, disclose a kind of employing composite bed casing thermocouple device, can reach its serviceable life about 30 days as Germany patent DE2844417/1980; U.S. Pat 3975212 discloses in a kind of slot liner of thermopair being imbedded electrolytic tank, can extend to its serviceable life about 125 days, yet, be difficult to obtain real-time electrolyte temperature signal, so can not in time adjust and control automatically electrolyte temperature because of its thermal inertia is big; In addition, adopt the anodic protection method of strict Control current density in addition.Aforesaid temp measuring method and device all have its weak point, can not adapt to the needs that modernized Aluminum or other metallurgical industry are produced.
For the real time temperature of aluminium electrolyte or other high-temperature fusant is provided quickly and accurately, be convenient to computer control and the process of managing production, thereby realize purposes such as good quality and high output, saving energy consumption, prolongation temperature thermocouple life-span, the present invention has been proposed thus.
The present invention is the temperature signal of transient process period of being gathered when contacting with high-temperature fusant by thermopair, according to certain mathematical model, utilizes computing machine to handle, and in time provides the dynamic temperature measurement method and the device thereof of testee (matter) real time temperature.Its embodiment and temp measuring method are as shown in Figure 1.It is by high reappearance thermopair (2), insert in the high-temperature fusant (1) by jacking gear (3), utilize temperature transmitter and data acquisition board (7), gather the temperature signal that thermopair responded, after machine (4) is handled as calculated, export the real time temperature of measured matter again by display device (5) demonstration or output unit (6).If the temperature of looking the melt of surveying can be passed through computing machine (4) and cooperate adjustment temperature controlling device (8) to adjust the corresponding job parameter of melt (stove, groove) too high or on the low side, makes it be stabilized in the optimum temperature state, to realize good quality and high output and purpose of energy saving.After thermopair has been surveyed a certain temperature, start jacking gear (3) rapidly thermopair is withdrawn in the former Cooling protector, and the ventilation cooling.Thermopair inserts the number of times of time, the degree of depth and the timing thermometric of melt, and adjusts the corresponding job parameter of melt, controls by a computing machine (4).
Adopt high reproducible thermopair to insert in the high-temperature fusant (for example aluminium electrolyte), thermopair is responded temperature signal (thermoelectrical potential) in certain period, send into data acquisition board (for example PC-1216A) through temperature transmitter (for example DBW); Then with in the data input computing machines of gathering (for example IBM-PC/XT).Computing machine is with the t that gathers
1, t
2, t
kT
nN pairing T constantly
1, T
2, T
kT
nTemperature spot, by selected mathematical model (for example exponential model), machine is handled and is obtained T=f(t as calculated) equation, again according to equation T=f(t) can obtain melt temperature.This temp measuring method is referred to as the dynamic temperature measurement method.Its principle is shown in Fig. 2.
For adapting to especially aluminium electroloysis operation of molten-salt electrolysis, and the needs of high temperature melt thermometrics such as mineral fusings, matte (containing copper matte, lead copper matte and nis matte) separate, metallurgical liquate (containing segregation), pyro-refining and glass production, we have developed high reappearance thermopair (2) as shown in Figure 3 specially.The temperature measuring head of this thermopair (15) adopts material heat-resisting and that thermal conductivity is good to make hemispherical; adopt heat-resistant anticorrosion material (for example nickel material, high temperature stainless steel or metallic ceramics) to make thermopair outside protective case (10), filling insulation (for example alumina silicate fibre) material (11) between internal protective cover pipe (12) and outside protective case (10).In internal protective cover pipe (12), except that keeping two thermo wires holes (14), all fill up porcelain insulator (13), in case thermo wires (17) contacts.Thermocouple wire thermometric end points (16) and temperature measuring head (15) are with its firm welding, to keep good thermal conductivity.Temperature measuring head (15) adopts with outside protective case (10) and is threaded or welding manner.Thermocouple wire is drawn by hole (9), and is connected in harvester (7).
The structure of the lifting of thermopair and cooling device (3) is shown in Fig. 4, and it is made up of cylinder (18) and cooling chamber (34) two parts, and connects firmly together by bolt (21), nut (22); Thermopair (2) then with cylinder in piston rod (20) be bound up, and be assemblied in the temperature measuring mechanism (27) of Fig. 5.When thermopair carries out thermometric, pressurized air advances (going out) gas port (19) by cylinder upper, promote piston rod (20) with pressurized air, impel thermopair (2) to move downward, stretch into fast in the high-temperature fusant to be measured (1), its degree of depth is controlled at 40～60mm, duration is 5～30 seconds, after obtaining melt (groove) temperature signal thus, advance (going out) gas port (25) by cylinder lower immediately, feed pressurized air, force piston rod (20) to move upward, thermopair is come back in the cooling chamber (34), feed cooling air by inlet (23) simultaneously, thermopair is restPosed.In the thermopair lifting process, pushing off the slag circle (24) is drawn together simultaneously except that the melt (slag) on the thermopair shell protective casing.Each thermometric cycle required time is 2～5 minutes, and whole thermometric process is controlled by computing machine (4).
Adopt as above method and apparatus thermometric, if when carrying out thermometric in aluminium cell, its temperature measuring equipment (27) can be fixed on the feed compartment (26), and its thermometric process is shown in Fig. 5.Promptly utilize the original crust breaking hammer device of aluminium cell (31), after electrolyte crust (28) is punched, start temperature measuring equipment (27) rapidly, thermopair is stretched in the electrolyte (30), finishing once, sampling needs 5～30 seconds.In the aluminium electroloysis operation, with groove 2～4 crust breaking hammer devices (31) are arranged generally, a temperature measuring equipment (27) is all installed on every crust breaking hammer next door, samples simultaneously through a plurality of temperature measuring equipments, by the mean value of computing machine (4) processing gained temperature, be the temperature of tested electrolytic tank.Behind this dynamic method several times thermometric, also can under computing machine (4) control, adopt balancing method to measure this electrolytic tank (matter) temperature with same thermopair, with the numerical value of this verification dynamic method thermometric.If thermometric in matte, glass melt or other high-temperature fusant then can be installed in temperature measuring equipment (27) on the temperature measuring mechanism (frame) of corresponding stove (groove), and carry out thermometric by the step of aluminium electroloysis thermometric, can realize its thermometric purpose equally.
Temperature survey for some few high-temperature fusant of self-baking aluminium electrolytic bath and other single stove (crucible) or treatment capacity, can form the portable dynamic temperature measurer by temperature transmitter and data acquisition board (7), single board computer (32) and LCD (33) by employing shown in Figure 6 thermopair of the present invention (2).This dynamic temperature measurement instrument, its principle and design thereof have just saved thermopair cooling protecting sheathing and jacking gear as aforementioned schemes.Thermopair inserts and removes slag by manually-operated during use, and power supply can adopt alternating current or dry cell power supply.
Adopt dynamic method and device (instrument) thermometric thereof, have following advantage than the balancing method thermometric: (1) thermopair long service life.Because the time of dynamic method temperature thermocouple contact high-temperature fusant is short, has alleviated the corrosion of melt to thermocouple sheath greatly, thereby has prolonged the serviceable life of thermopair, has solved melt thermometric problem; (2) thermopair is fast to the real time temperature response.Because temperature measuring head adopts the good material of thermal conductivity to make, thereby time constant is little, can measure the temperature of melt in very short time, has solved some temp measuring method and has been difficult in good time temperature control problem because of hysteresis; (3) thermometric accuracy height.Because this method thermometric is to get multi-point average value and periodic check, thereby has improved the thermometric accuracy greatly; (4) resistance to high temperature corrosion is good.Owing to adopt the heat-resistant anticorrosion material to make protecting sheathing, thereby solved conventional thermopair easily by the high-temperature fusant etching problem; (5) device is simple, is easy to realize.The dynamic method thermometric can be attached in the mechanism of feed compartment if be used for aluminium-electrolyzing pre-roaster, utilizes the chance of crust breaking to carry out thermometric; If single stove (groove) is carried out thermometric, available dynamic temperature measurement instrument, easy to carry, thermometric is rapidly, accurately; (6) save energy consumption, good quality and high output.In high-temperature fusant, realize quick, accurate thermometric,, make tested melt temperature reach optimum condition, so both can save energy consumption, can realize good quality and high output again, thereby can in high-temperature fusant, extensively promote again by computer control and management.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1. dynamic method thermometric block scheme.Wherein: 1. high-temperature fusant, 2. high reappearance thermopair, 3. thermopair lifting and cooling device, 4. computing machine, 5. display device, 6. output unit, 7. temperature transmitter and data acquisition board are 8. adjusted the temperature controlling device.
Fig. 2. dynamic method temperature-measurement principle figure.Wherein: t represents the time, the T representation temperature; t
0Be the thermocouple temperature measurement zero-time, T
0It is the thermocouple temperature measurement initial temperature; Required time when t represents the hot thermocouple balance, T
0Represent the melt temperature of surveying; t
1, t
2, t
kT
nRepresent the sampling time, T
1, T
2, T
kT
nThe temperature that representative is gathered.
Fig. 3. high reappearance thermopair half-sectional view.Wherein: 9. compensating wire outlet, 10. outside protective case, 11. insulation heat-barrier materials, 12. internal protective cover pipes, 13. porcelain insulators, 14. thermo wires holes, 15. temperature measuring heads, 16. thermocouple temperature sensitive end points, 17. thermocouple wires.
Fig. 4. the thermocouple temperature measuring apparatus half-sectional view.Wherein: 18. cylinders, 19. cylinder upper advance (going out) mouth, 20. piston rods, and 21. bolts, 22. nuts, 23. inlet of cold airs, 24. pushing off the slag circles, 25. cylinder lower are advanced (going out) gas port, 34. cooling chambers.
Fig. 5. aluminium cell thermometric synoptic diagram.Wherein: 26. feed compartments, 27. temperature measuring equipments, 28. electrolyte crusts, 29. aluminium liquid, 30. electrolyte, 31. crust breaking hammer devices.
Fig. 6. portable dynamic temperature measurer block scheme.Wherein: 2. high reappearance thermopair, 7. temperature transmitter and data acquisition board, 32. single board computers, 33. LCD.
Fig. 7. high reappearance thermopair uses measured drawing.Wherein: horizontal ordinate is time t(s), ordinate be temperature T (℃); I, II, III are three groups of temperature, 4 heating curves respectively.
Example 1. adopts high reproducible thermopair according to dynamic temperature measurement method of the present invention, and its outer tube high temperature stainless steel carries out thermometric to electrolyte.Electrolytical molecular proportion 2.24, Al
2O
34.2%, MgF
23%, 8 ℃ of room temperatures, it is 25 seconds that thermopair inserts fuse operating time, and inserting the aluminium electrolyte degree of depth is 50mm, and temperature signal adopts the index return method with computer acquisition and processing, data processing, removes slag after each test and is cooled to original state.Its test result is shown in table one (seeing the literary composition back).
As shown in Table 1, dynamic method predicted temperature and electrolyte actual temperature error range are (+5～-6) ℃.
Example 2. reaches under the same conditions according to the temp measuring method of example 1, measures the temperature of aluminum liquid in the aluminium liquid holding furnace, and the effective silicon nitride of thermopair outer jointing jacket is made, and its test result is shown in table two (seeing the literary composition back).
As shown in Table 2, dynamic method predicted temperature and aluminium liquid actual temperature error range are (+6～-5) ℃.
Example 3. adopts high reproducible thermopair, connects data acquisition board by temperature transmitter, the portable dynamic temperature measurer that configuration single board computer and LCD are formed.The thermopair gradation inserted molten quality is arranged is that insert the melt degree of depth is 60mm at every turn in the crucible of 1000 gram copper matte resistance furnaces, the duration is 20～25 seconds.To thermopair remove slag at every turn, air cooling is to room temperature.Temperature measurement data is directly by liquid crystal display displays, and its test result is shown in table three (seeing the literary composition back).
As shown in Table 3, dynamic method predicted temperature and matte actual temperature error range are (+5～-5) ℃.
4. examples of example are to be checking thermopair reappearance, and experiment condition is with example 1.The aluminium electrolyte temperature of surveying is divided into three groups, and they are respectively 970 ℃, 955 ℃, 940 ℃, and every group of temperature surveyed 4 times, all uses YEW(X-Y at every turn) registering instrument record thermopair inserts the heating curve behind the melt.Experimental result is shown in Fig. 7.The curve I of Fig. 7 is 970 ℃ of aluminium electrolyte temperature, the coincidence line of 4 temperature-rise periods; The curve II is 955 ℃ of aluminium electrolyte temperature, the coincidence line of 4 temperature-rise periods; The curve III is 940 ℃ of aluminium electrolyte temperature, the coincidence line of 4 temperature-rise periods.Found out that by figure to same temperature, its 4 heating curves coincide together substantially, this shows that thermopair of the present invention has the height reappearance.
Table one
Test number (TN) 123456789 10 11 12
Actual temperature (℃) 936 937 938 939 948 950 950 953 934 931 932 932
Predicted temperature (℃) 932 938 942 944 950 953 955 958 938 929 927 926
Error (℃)-4+1+4+5+2+3+5+5+4-2-5-6
Table two:
Test number (TN) 123456789
Actual temperature (℃) 695 693 697 693 694 700 705 703 708
Predicted temperature (℃) 698 699 692 692 695 698 702 703 704
Error (℃)+3+6-5-1+1-2-3 0-4
Table three:
Test number (TN) 12345
Actual temperature (℃) 1,090 1,097 1,099 1,104 1108
Predicted temperature (℃) 1,088 1,092 1,104 1,100 1111
Error (℃)-2-5+5-4+3
Claims (6)
1, a kind of temp measuring method of high-temperature fusant, it is characterized in that the temperature measuring equipment (27) that connects firmly composition with high reappearance thermopair and cylinder tie rod (20) is fixed on the temperature measuring mechanism of aluminium cell feed compartment (26) or the molten stove of other high temperature (groove), after utilizing the original crust breaking hammer of aluminium cell to break the bath surface crust, moment (5-30 second) before reinforced starts piston promotion thermopair and stretches in the melt downwards, the series of temperature transition signal of thermopair perception is sent into computing machine through temperature transmitter and data acquisition board and is handled in real time, the real time temperature that shows or export testee by display device by output unit, control piston moves upward simultaneously, standby in the cooling chamber (34) that thermopair is withdrawn into can feed cooling air, whole thermometric process is by computer control.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the degree of depth of thermopair insertion melt is 40-60MM, and its duration is 5-30 second.
3; a kind of temperature measuring equipment that has high reappearance thermopair; it is characterized in that adopting the heat-resistant anticorrosion material to make thermopair outside protective case (10); between internal protective cover pipe (12) and outside protective case, fill the insulation heat-barrier material; in internal protective cover pipe (12) except that keeping two thermo wires holes (14); all fill up porcelain insulator; with thermocouple wire thermometric end points (16) and temperature measuring head (15) firm welding; temperature measuring head (15) is threaded with outside protective case (10) employing or welds fixing; then thermopair is placed the lifting cooling device of forming by cylinder (18) and cooling chamber (34); this device connects firmly thermopair and cylinder piston connecting rod (20); advance (going out) gas port (19) by pressurized air by cylinder and promote piston rod (20); impel thermopair (2) to stretch into thermometric in the melt downwards; through a moment thermometric finish; advance (going out) gas port (25) feeding with being about to pressurized air by cylinder lower; force piston rod to move upward; in thermopair (2) withdrawal cooling chamber (34), and feeding pressurized air cools off.
4, according to the described temperature measuring equipment of claim 3, it is characterized in that thermocouple temperature measurement head (15) makes hemispherically, thermo wires and temperature measuring head weld together.
5,, it is characterized in that filling between thermopair internal protective cover pipe (12) and the outside protective case (10) insulation (as alumina silicate fibre) material according to the described temperature measuring equipment of claim 3.
6,, it is characterized in that when thermopair promotes, scraping off by pushing off the slag circle (24) attached to the melt (slag) on the thermopair outside protective case (10) according to the described temperature measuring equipment of claim 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106724 CN1022777C (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1991-06-14 | Molten body high-temp. measuring method and its apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106724 CN1022777C (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1991-06-14 | Molten body high-temp. measuring method and its apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1057335A CN1057335A (en) | 1991-12-25 |
| CN1022777C true CN1022777C (en) | 1993-11-17 |
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ID=4908106
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91106724 Expired - Fee Related CN1022777C (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1991-06-14 | Molten body high-temp. measuring method and its apparatus |
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|---|---|
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080993A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-06-01 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Al-Li alloy online temperature measuring device |
| CN103292924A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-11 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | Temperature measuring equipment and temperature measuring thermocouple for rare earth electrolytic cell |
-
1991
- 1991-06-14 CN CN 91106724 patent/CN1022777C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1057335A (en) | 1991-12-25 |
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