CN102276207A - Ferrosilicon sacrificial concrete - Google Patents
Ferrosilicon sacrificial concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN102276207A CN102276207A CN201110178085A CN201110178085A CN102276207A CN 102276207 A CN102276207 A CN 102276207A CN 201110178085 A CN201110178085 A CN 201110178085A CN 201110178085 A CN201110178085 A CN 201110178085A CN 102276207 A CN102276207 A CN 102276207A
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- concrete
- ferrosilicon
- melts
- sacrificed
- silica
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention which relates to sacrificial concrete belongs to the technical field of building construction. The sacrificial concrete is prepared by stirring and mixing the following components: 10-18 wt% of cement which satisfies requirements of standards, 3-8 wt% of coal ash, 1-3 parts of silicon powder, 30-40 wt% of hematite, 32-42 wt% of silica, 5-10 wt% of water, and 0.1-0.5 wt% of a water reducer. By carrying out the organic combination of original characteristics of above components, the sacrificial concrete which is prepared through mixing the components according to a certain proportion allows all requirements of reactor core construction materials to be satisfied, and simultaneously has effects of controlling the diffusion of molten oxides and the homogeneousness of the molten oxides in a diffusion state, so the sacrificial concrete of the invention can interact with other core melts at a high temperature to preliminary change characteristics of a molten mixture, thereby the high radioactivity components in the core melts can be oxidized, the temperature of the core melts can be reduced, and the increase of the pressure in a containment vessel can be reduced by reducing gases generated in the containment vessel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sacrifice concrete, especially a kind of ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete, belongs to technical field of building construction.
Background technology
Understand according to the applicant, the reactor core of third generation EPR Nuclear power plants is equipped with trap, its effect is that the reactor core melts in the major accident (although probability is very low) is diffused on the side large area region, thereby by obviously increasing the surface/volume of melts, but and with the reactor core transfer of melt to cooled region, avoid the reactor core melts that the base plate fusing is penetrated base plate and cause the environment nuclear pollution.
For surperficial overflow, and give full play to the effect of trap cooling structure, carry out quenching, take away the disintegration heat on surface, wish the construction material fusion at high temperature of reactor core, and satisfy following the requirement from top, bottom and the periphery of melts:
A. must there be enough stability to assemble the required time so that melts to be provided;
B. the diffusion of degradation production reply molten oxide produces favourable influence, and makes melts be in uniform state when beginning to spread;
C. the gas that produces has additionally increased quality and the energy that is discharged in the nuclear reactor safety shell because melts one concrete interacts, so the gas that the concrete decomposition produces must be the least possible;
D. mechanical property should be not less than the common building concrete.
Experimental molten oxide test shows that common building can only satisfy above-mentioned A and the requirement of D bar with concrete.Therefore existing concrete can't satisfy above-mentioned requirements, is difficult to make trap to play a role.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: in a single day providing a kind of can sacrifice concrete by at high temperature abundant fused ferrosilicon, thereby makes its nuclear power station reactor core of constructing form the melts of good fluidity when major accident taking place.With in reactor core transfer of melt to a cooling structure, increase considerably the surface/volume of melts by this mode.Cool off by washing from the melts top, thereby eliminate the disintegration heat of melts upper surface with rapid; And, avoid the reactor core melts that the base plate fusing is penetrated base plate and cause the environment nuclear pollution by cooling pile core melts trap elimination melts bottom and side disintegration heat.
In order to achieve the above object, ferrosilicon of the present invention is sacrificed concrete and is mixed by the component of following mass percent and form:
Satisfy standard (PII42.5 among " general purpose portland cement " GB175-2007) requirement
Above-mentioned rhombohedral iron ore as aggregate preferably is made up of the 5-15% for 23-33% and particle diameter 4-8mm of particle diameter 0-4mm, and silica preferably is made up of the 22-32% of particle diameter 0-4mm and the 6-16% of particle diameter 4-8mm.Water reducer should adopt water-reducing rate greater than 25% high efficiency water reducing agent, for example poly carboxylic acid series water reducer.
Sacrifice concrete function and be the characteristic that interacts with the reactor core melts and change mixture (reactor core melts+container+sacrifice concrete).Ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete purpose: assemble melts in accident after it is entered the spreading area; In restriction molten component range of scatter, make the melts diffusion with the control melts; It is mainly used in: reduce oxidation stage density, thereby transform oxide compound and the metal level that constitutes the reactor core melts; High reactivity composition in the oxidation liquid molten thing, particularly uranium of from fuel assembly and involucrum, separating out and zircalloy; Reduce melt temperature; By reducing gas (H
2O and CO
2) the generation increase of lowering the reactor housing internal pressure.
Theoretical investigation and experiment show, in the above-mentioned each component of the present invention:
Silica flour is the silicon ash again, and the flue dust of overflowing with waste gas in the process of industrial furnace high melt industrial silicon and ferrosilicon forms through capturing collection and treatment usually.Be mainly SiO
2, particle is very tiny, and mean particle size almost is a nano level, in concrete, play packing material and pozzolanic material effect simultaneously, can reduce the pore dimension in the aquation slurry greatly, improve void distribution, concrete strength is improved, and perviousness reduces, and helps to improve durability index.
Flyash mainly by vitreum, mullite, quartzy and a small amount of other mineral compositions, is the industrial residue that the fuel-burning power plant produces usually, can produce i.e. " active effect ", " ball effect " and " micro aggregate effect " three kinds of effects in concrete." active effect " is meant the Ca (OH) that activeconstituents aluminosilicate glass body in the flyash and hydrated cementitious produce
2Secondary reaction taking place generate hydrated calcium silicate etc., has slackened Ca (OH)
2In the crystallization of concrete interface transition layer, greatly reduce the inside concrete voidage, improved the concrete hole structure, improved concrete intensity and density." ball effect " is meant a large amount of sponge glass body and alumina silicate glass microballons in the flyash, and its smooth surface has the spot contact bearing effect in concrete, improve concrete workability." micro aggregate effect " is meant that the subparticle of coal ash is filled into the slit between the cement granules, improved concrete microtexture, increased concrete density.Simultaneously, the flyash subparticle is evenly distributed between the cement granules, has stoped the cement granules adhesive aggregation, helps the aquation of mixture, has reduced water consumption, makes that concrete is not emanated, bleeding reduces, and improved concrete cohesiveness and pumpability.In a word, flyash can improve concrete workability and pump-conveying property, prolongs concrete time of coagulation simultaneously, reduces hydration heat, reduces and shrinks, and improves concrete anti-permeability performance and later stage anti-freezing property etc.
Water reducer (admixture) is the tensio-active agent that contains the carboxyl graft copolymer in the molecule, wherein poly carboxylic acid series water reducer is the third generation high efficiency water reducing agent after naphthalene system, trimeric cyanamide system, fatty family and sulfamate based water reducer, its molecular structure is pectination, main chain is short, be polymerized by carboxylic reactive monomer, have that higher space steric effect and low-dosage, high water reducing rate, early strength increase significantly, function of slump protection is good, slow setting,, result of use less to the dry shrinkage of concrete influence are not subjected to plurality of advantages such as admixture influences in proper order.
Fe as the rhombohedral iron ore main component
2O
3Help the oxidation to zirconium (Zr) and uranium (U), its reaction by-product iron (Fe) does not influence the thermochemical property of metal melt.In addition, after deposite metal and expendable oxidizing reaction, remaining Fe
2O
3In the oxidation fusion thing, be gathered into FeO
X, X 〉=1 has reduced liquid temperature and has correspondingly reduced the temperature that melts-concrete interacts and produced.It reduces the release of fission product in melts-concrete interaction by reducing the radiant heat loss in cooling melts in diffusion process, melts is entered the spreading area produced favourable influence.
SiO as the siliceous aggregate main component
2Mixing back generation silicate with melts, reduced the release of fission product in melts-concrete interaction pond, further reduced melts and keep with normal concrete the same physical strength and decomposability with the active and help that water carries out energy response.
The present invention who makes after these components are mixed by a certain percentage sacrifices concrete can be by the combination of each component primary characteristic, satisfy every requirement simultaneously as the reactor core construction material, and the homogeneous effect of melts when having control molten oxide diffusion and diffusion, can at high temperature interact with other melts of reactor core, the preliminary characteristic that changes molten mixture, so that the high radioactivity composition of oxidation reactor core melts, reduce the temperature of reactor core melts, by reducing the increase that the gas that produces in the reactor housing reduces the reactor housing internal pressure.
Embodiment
The concrete ferrosilicon of implementing of the present invention is sacrificed the concrete component and is seen the following form
Relevant technologies requires to see Table 1.
Table 1 starting material and ferrosilicon are sacrificed concrete technical requirements
(1) starting material
Cement: PII 42.5 cement that Zhujiang River cement company limited produces, satisfy PII42.5 requirement among " general purpose portland cement " GB175-2007, its performance sees Table 2.
The performance of table 2 cement
Flyash: the I level F class high-quality fly ash that Ming Hui trade Co., Ltd in Zhuhai produces, its performance sees Table 3.
The performance of table 3 flyash
Silica flour: sky, the Shanghai happy silica flour 90U of Materials Co., Ltd type silica flour, its performance sees Table 4.
The performance of table 4 silica flour
| Sequence number | Interventions Requested | Assay |
| 1 | Loss on ignition | 2.82％ |
| 2 | Chlorion | 0.003％ |
| 3 | Silicon-dioxide | 95.02％ |
| 4 | Specific surface area | 20800m 2/kg |
| 5 | Water ratio | 0.9％ |
| 6 | Water demand ratio | 110％ |
| 7 | 28 days activity indexs | 106％ |
| 8 | Sulphur trioxide | 0.75％ |
| 9 | Total alkali content | 0.50％ |
| 10 | Free calcium oxide | 0.00 |
[0039]?
| 11 | Sulfonium ion | 0.005％ |
Silica: the chemical ingredients that the Guangxi melt water produces silica sees Table 5.
The chemical ingredients of table 5 silica
The 0-4mm silica: the salient features that the Guangxi melt water produces the 0-4mm silica sees Table 6.
The salient features of table 6 0-4mm silica
| Silt content % | Clod content % | Apparent density kg/m 3 | Tap density kg/m 3 |
| 2.7 | 0.2 | 2600 | 1450 |
The 4-8mm silica: the salient features that the Guangxi melt water produces the 4-8mm silica sees Table 7.
The salient features of table 7 4-8mm silica
| Silt content % | Clod content % | Apparent density kg/m 3 | Tap density kg/m 3 |
| 0.4 | 0.2 | 2640 | 1520 |
Rhombohedral iron ore: the Xuzhou chemical ingredients that iron ore produces rhombohedral iron ore that benefits the nation sees Table 8.
The chemical ingredients of table 8 rhombohedral iron ore
The 0-4mm rhombohedral iron ore: the Xuzhou salient features that iron ore produces the 0-4mm rhombohedral iron ore that benefits the nation sees Table 9.
The salient features of table 9 0-4mm rhombohedral iron ore
| Silt content % | Clod content % | Apparent density kg/m 3 | Tap density kg/m 3 |
| 2.9 | 0.1 | 4610 | 2530 |
The 4-8mm rhombohedral iron ore: the Xuzhou salient features that iron ore produces the 4-8mm rhombohedral iron ore that benefits the nation sees Table 10.
The salient features of table 10 4-8mm rhombohedral iron ore
| Silt content % | Clod content % | Apparent density kg/m 3 | Tap density kg/m 3 |
| 1.4 | 0.2 | 4720 | 2420 |
Water reducer: the ADVA161C type water reducer that Grace China Ltd. produces, its performance sees Table 11.
The performance of table 11 ADVA161C type water reducer
(2) ferrosilicon sacrifice concrete siliceous aggregate grain composition is calculated and is seen Table 12.
Table 12 ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete siliceous aggregate grain composition reckoner
(3) ferrosilicon is sacrificed the calculating of concrete rhombohedral iron ore particles of aggregates grating, sees the following form 13.
Table 13 ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete rhombohedral iron ore grain composition reckoner
(4) under starting material meet technical request, ferrosilicon to be sacrificed concrete carried out research trial, test situation sees Table 14, and silica in the table, rhombohedral iron ore stone are unlisted.
Table 14 ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete mix research trial situation
Calculate with the chemical ingredients of benchmark proportioning through ferrosilicon being sacrificed the concrete research test, its result adheres to specification, and specifically sees Table 15.
Table 15 ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete chemical ingredients
(5) the benchmark proportioning that research trial is used has been carried out feasibility test at concrete mixing plant, and ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete mix and gone out the machine slump in design requirements (170 ± 30) mm scope, and its ultimate compression strength meets the demands.
Confirm through pumping test: ferrosilicon is sacrificed the stirring of concrete through 300s, and the mixture pumpability can be good when 60min, 90min after going out machine; The mixture workability that goes out behind the pump is good.This proportioning can satisfy the pumping construction technical requirements.
Confirm through the quantum of output test: stirrer is produced 1.0m
3Concrete actual output amount is 0.995m
3, error is-0.50%, in 2% error allowed band.
Therefore,, determined that finally ferrosilicon sacrifices concrete mix according to above-mentioned test-results, as shown in table 16 below mix practical:
Table 16 C30/37 ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete mix
For guaranteeing construction quality and improving concrete construction performance and physicals, when producing, concrete mix adds mineral additive silica flour and flyash and the high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid that uses high water reducing rate.
From test-results, the concrete decomposition temperature of present embodiment is about 1180 ℃.Because generate the convection current mixing that gas produces, melts-concrete can interact, and makes melts collecting tank border form uniform heat distribution.Test shows that also melt temperature only has a little reduction (if existence) in process of the test, and this explanation melts-concrete interacts and has a lower melting rate, thereby possesses favourable melts condition of divergence.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.For example water reducer also can adopt Sample A or Sample B, the JM-PCA (I) of Su Bote novel material company limited, the ASTP5800-1 of BASF chemical building material company limited production or ADVA160C or the ADVA162C type polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent that Grace China Ltd. produces that Shanghai Fu Sile produces.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that component by following mass percent mixes to form:
Satisfy the cement 10-18% that GB requires
Flyash 3-8%
Silica flour 1-3%
Rhombohedral iron ore 30-40%
Silica 32-42%
Water 5-10%
Water reducer 0.1-0.5%.
2. a ferrosilicon is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that component by following mass percent mixes to form:
Satisfy the cement 13.7% that GB requires
Flyash 4.5%
Silica flour 1.1%
Particle diameter 0-4mm rhombohedral iron ore 25.4%
Particle diameter 4-8mm rhombohedral iron ore 10.3%
Particle diameter 0-4mm silica 29.2%
Particle diameter 4-8mm silica 9.6%
Water 5.8%
Water reducer 0.4%.
3. ferrosilicon according to claim 1 is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that: that particle diameter 0-4mm is 23-33% in the described rhombohedral iron ore, and that particle diameter 4-8mm is 5-15%.
4. ferrosilicon according to claim 1 is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that: that particle diameter 0-4mm is 22-32% in the described silica, and that particle diameter 4-8mm is 6-16%.
5. sacrifice concrete according to claim 2 or 3 or 4 described ferrosilicon, it is characterized in that: the loss on ignition of described flyash≤1.5%.
6. ferrosilicon according to claim 5 is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that: Si0 in the described silica flour
2Content 〉=90%.
7. ferrosilicon according to claim 6 is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that: Fe in the described rhombohedral iron ore
2O
3Content 〉=90%.
8. ferrosilicon according to claim 7 is sacrificed concrete, it is characterized in that: Si0 in the described silica
2Content 〉=83%.
9. ferrosilicon according to claim 8 is sacrificed concrete, and it is characterized in that: the water-reducing rate of described water reducer is greater than 25%.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108751868A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-06 | 南京林业大学 | Novel siliceous nuclear power expendable material of one kind and preparation method thereof |
| CN108840626A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-20 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of novel silicon irony nuclear power expendable material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110228977A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-13 | 东南大学 | A kind of advanced Nuclear Power sacrificial concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN117438124A (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-23 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Method for long-term stable treatment of uranium-containing waste residues |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108751868A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-06 | 南京林业大学 | Novel siliceous nuclear power expendable material of one kind and preparation method thereof |
| CN108840626A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-20 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of novel silicon irony nuclear power expendable material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108751868B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-12-08 | 南京林业大学 | Siliceous nuclear power sacrificial material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108840626B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-02-02 | 南京林业大学 | Ferrosilicon nuclear electricity sacrificial material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110228977A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-13 | 东南大学 | A kind of advanced Nuclear Power sacrificial concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN117438124A (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-01-23 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Method for long-term stable treatment of uranium-containing waste residues |
| CN117438124B (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-04-09 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Method for long-term stable treatment of uranium-containing waste residues |
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| CN102276207B (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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