CN102272577A - Gas analyzer - Google Patents
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- CN102272577A CN102272577A CN2008801326519A CN200880132651A CN102272577A CN 102272577 A CN102272577 A CN 102272577A CN 2008801326519 A CN2008801326519 A CN 2008801326519A CN 200880132651 A CN200880132651 A CN 200880132651A CN 102272577 A CN102272577 A CN 102272577A
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/317—Special constructive features
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
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Abstract
Gas analyzer systems and methods for measuring concentrations of gasses and in particular dry mole fraction of components of a gas. The systems and method allow for rapid measurement of the gas density and/or dry mole fraction of gases for a number of environmental monitoring applications, including high speed flux measurements. A novel coupling design allows for tool-free removal of a cell enclosing a flow path to enable the field cleaning of optical components.
Description
Background technology
The present invention relates generally to gas analysis, relate in particular to the system and method that is used for measurement gas content (concentration).
Carbon dioxide content that increases in the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect that cause thus and climate change have become the important topic of scientific research.For ease of understanding global Carbon balance, be necessary to determine the carbon dioxide between atmosphere and the terrestrial and marine ecosystems and the speed of energy exchange.The measuring technique of a kind of being called " eddy current covariance " has been widely used in determining these speed.Air on the earth surface in hundreds of rice is upheaval the most, thereby is called the responsible majority of gas (comprising carbon dioxide and water vapor) of turbulence structure (vortex of variable-size) and the heat between the face of land and the atmosphere and the vertical transport of momentum of " eddy current ".This speed that transports can according to the content of vertical component, carbon dioxide and the water vapor of wind speed and atmospheric temperature synchronously, high frequency measurement calculates.
In order to measure the content of carbon dioxide and water vapor, but the using gases analyzer is analyzed the transmittance of the light transmission gas sample (gas sample) in the suitable wavelength band.Use some gas tester, contain the carbon dioxide of unknown content and the sample gas of water vapor and be placed in the sample cell, and have the carbon dioxide of zero content or known content and the reference gas of water vapor is placed in the reference groove.The proportional calibrating signal of difference between the light of analyzer basis and transmission sample groove and the light of transmission reference groove is come the unknown gas content in the measuring samples groove.
In the eddy current covariance was used, the surrounding air that is full of dust and pollen must be with high flow rate by analyzer, so that the frequency response that this analytical implement is necessary.Even if air has been filtered, also still can expect the pollution of sample cell, especially during long configuration, reprocess so that clean thereby need analyzer to go back to factory.This is a costliness and time-consuming procedure, especially when analyzer uses in the remote districts such as Amazon basin, Alaska north slope or African desert.
Therefore, exist needs through the improvement gas tester.Particularly, need be convenient to clean and provide the gas tester of sane measurement capability.
General introduction
Be provided for measurement gas content, the system and method for your mark of unlubricated friction of measurement gas composition especially.System and method according to each embodiment allows for the unlubricated friction that mark that quick measurement gas density and/or gas are used in the multiple environmental monitoring that comprises the high speed flux measurement.
According to each embodiment, the quick measurement of the gas content of realizing sample gas is provided, realizes the system and method for quick measurement of the pressure and temperature of sample gas simultaneously.In addition, compare, can advantageously use the draft tube of remarkable much shorter and power consumption significantly to reduce according to the equipment of each embodiment with existing equipment.
Each embodiment also provides the unique mechanical-optical design scheme of gas tester, and it comprises some novel elements in the detachable air drain of no instrument.Each embodiment also allows to use the temperature and pressure measurement of air-flow to measure your mark of unlubricated friction of gas in the detachable air drain.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of gas tester, it generally includes: the detector portion that comprises detecting device; The Lights section that comprises light source; And be removably disposed in detachable air drain (gas cell) between the Lights section and the detector portion.Detachable air drain generally includes the shell mechanism that the gas channel of gas channel is for example sealed in qualification, and wherein the emission light from light source leads to detector portion along light path by gas channel when attached.Air drain also comprises air intake opening, gas outlet, first temperature sensor and pressure transducer usually; wherein air intake opening and gas outlet are positioned on the shell mechanism; first temperature sensor is suitable for measuring the temperature that flows into the gas in the gas channel; pressure transducer is arranged in the some place of gas channel shell mechanism, the gaseous tension at some place in this pressure transducer is suitable for measuring in the airslide.In particular aspects, detachable air drain further comprises near second temperature sensor that is positioned at the gas outlet, and wherein first temperature sensor is positioned near the air intake opening.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of gas tester, it generally includes: the detector portion that comprises detecting device; The Lights section that comprises light source; And be removably disposed in detachable air drain between the Lights section and the detector portion.Detachable air drain generally includes the shell mechanism that the gas channel of gas channel is for example sealed in qualification, and wherein the emission light from light source leads to detector portion along light path by gas channel when attached.Air drain also comprises air intake opening, gas outlet, is positioned near first temperature sensor of air intake opening and is positioned near second temperature sensor of gas outlet that wherein air intake opening and gas outlet are positioned on the shell mechanism usually.In particular aspects, gas tester comprises the pressure transducer at the some place that is arranged in the gas channel shell mechanism, the gaseous tension at some place in this pressure transducer is suitable for measuring in the airslide.
In particular aspects, gas tester comprises the intelligent object with (one or more) temperature sensor, pressure transducer and detecting device coupling.This intelligent object is suitable for based on detector signal and pressure transducer gaseous tension and temperature sensor being measured the basic synchronization of gas temperature usually, determines the unlubricated friction that mark of gas channel composition of gases within.In particular aspects, intelligent object is proofreaied and correct the delay because of the generation of the apart the temperature signal that receives from first and second temperature sensors, and wherein this postpones the function of gas flow rate in the gas channel normally.In particular aspects, gas tester is included near first optical window of detector portion and near second optical window the Lights section, and wherein first optical window and second optical window provide aeroseal for the assembly in detector portion and the Lights section.
A kind of method of your mark of unlubricated friction of airslide (flow cell) gas componant that is used for the measurement gas analyzer is provided according to another aspect of the invention.This method generally includes: make gas stream cross airslide, gas componant is to the absorptivity of light in the measurement airslide, substantially side by side measure the temperature T 1 of airslide air intake opening place gas, substantially side by side measure the temperature T 2 of place, airslide gas outlet gas, and the pressure P of substantially side by side measuring some place gas in the airslide.This method also comprises the unlubricated friction that mark of determining gas componant based on measured absorptivity, P, T1 and T2 usually.In particular aspects, the composition of gas comprises CO
2And H
2O, and wherein gas is air.
According to more on the one hand, provide the gas analysis system of your mark of unlubricated friction of measurement gas composition.This system generally includes: wherein gas flow to the airslide of gas outlet from air intake opening; Be configured to by the radiative light source of airslide; And be configured to export in the expression airslide gas componant to the detector subsystem of the absorptivity signal of the absorptivity of light.This system also comprises usually: near first temperature sensor of air intake opening that is placed on airslide; Be placed near second temperature sensor of gas outlet of airslide; And the pressure transducer of pressure that is suitable for measuring the interior some place of airslide.This system also comprises the intelligent object with first and second temperature sensors, pressure transducer and detector subsystem coupling usually.This intelligent object is suitable for based on absorptivity signal and gaseous tension and first and second temperature sensors basic synchronization measurement of gas temperature being determined your mark of unlubricated friction of composition usually.In particular aspects, the measurement of gaseous tension and first and second temperature sensors to the measurement of gas temperature each other about 0.2 second or following in carry out.In particular aspects, pressure transducer carries out with about 1.0Hz or faster rate the measurement of gas temperature the measurement and first and second temperature sensors of gaseous tension.
According on the other hand, provide to be suitable for being placed on the light source of gas tester system and the detachable air drain between the detector portion.This detachable air drain generally includes: limit shell mechanism, first opening on gas channel one end, second opening on the gas channel other end of gas channel, wherein first and second openings limit light is gone to detector portion by air drain from light source light path.Air drain also comprises air intake opening, gas outlet usually, be positioned near first temperature sensor the air intake opening and be positioned near the gas outlet second temperature sensor, and wherein air intake opening and gas outlet are departed from optical axis and be positioned on the shell mechanism.In particular aspects, air drain comprises the pressure transducer at the some place that is arranged in the gas channel shell mechanism, the gaseous tension at some place in this pressure transducer is suitable for measuring in the airslide.In particular aspects, the thermopair that comprises one of at least the central spot that is positioned at the air flow path that limits by the corresponding port of first and second temperature sensors.
According on the other hand, provide to be suitable for being placed on the light source of gas tester system and the detachable air drain between the detector portion.This detachable air drain generally includes: limit shell mechanism, first opening on gas channel one end, second opening on the gas channel other end of gas channel, wherein first and second openings limit light is gone to detector portion by air drain from light source light path.Air drain also comprises air intake opening, gas outlet, first temperature sensor and pressure transducer usually; wherein air intake opening and gas outlet are departed from optical axis and are positioned on the shell mechanism; first temperature sensor is suitable for measuring the temperature that flows into the gas in the gas channel, and pressure transducer is suitable for measuring the gaseous tension at interior some place in the airslide.
In particular aspects, detachable air drain comprises draft tube or can be coupled with draft tube that this draft tube makes atmosphere and air inlet port be coupled.Advantageously the length that has of this draft tube can be less than 2.0 meters, and more advantageously this length can be less than about 1.0 meters.
With reference to the remainder of this instructions, comprise accompanying drawing and claims, will realize other features and advantages of the present invention.Below describe structure and the operation of other features and advantages of the present invention and each embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.In the accompanying drawings, identical Reference numeral is represented identical or intimate element.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 illustrates the gas tester according to comprising of an embodiment of detachable sample gas chute.
Fig. 2 illustrates the thermopair design of using according to an embodiment in the sample cell air inlet port and the port of giving vent to anger.
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic sketch according to the pressure survey scheme of an embodiment.
Fig. 4 illustrate at non-heat insulation (on) thermal conductivity in the airslide of airslide and heat insulation (descending) airslide.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment who comprises the sample cell of wherein having removed groove plug-in unit (cell insert).
Fig. 6 illustrates the temperature and pressure measurement scheme according to the airslide of an embodiment.
Specifically describe
The invention provides the system and method that is used to measure such as the density of the gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor.These system and methods are particularly useful in the turbulent air structure.For example, in a particular embodiment, these system and methods are advantageously sampled, and at a high speed and high bandwidth ground measurement gas content, temperature and pressure, and allow to calculate your mark of unlubricated friction of gas componant.
Operation is scanned
Gas tester according to each embodiment generally comprises light source, sample cell and detecting device.Sample cell is dismountable in particular aspects, so that clean in the infield and repair.Gas tester disclosed herein can be used to measure the content that has one or more gases of high-absorbility at the different wave length band.For example, in one used, gas tester can be used to measure CO in the sample gas (being generally air)
2And water vapor (H
2O) content.Generally speaking, gas tester use Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) absorbs based on the difference between the absorption of the infrared radiation that sees through sample cell and reference groove and measures or contrast the content that comes gas in the measuring samples groove through the reference signal of calibration.Advantageously, gas tester does not need long draft tube, and can realize that the high speed of your fractional computation of unlubricated friction etc. of gas componant measures.
In operation, light emitted has the light transmission sample cell and the reference groove of a spectrum of wavelengths.Light on the gas absorption different wave length band that exists in the sample cell.For example, CO
2Have high-absorbility at 4.255 μ m, and water vapor has high-absorbility at 2.595 μ m.The light that exists in the sample cell is by to these gases (CO for example
2And H
2O) detecting device of the wavelength band sensitivity of Xi Shouing detects, and perhaps can use two detecting devices, and each detecting device is to wavelength band sensitivity that one of gas absorbed.By the difference between absorbing in calculation sample groove and reference groove or the reference signal, can determine the content of gas in the sample cell.For example, when the reference groove comprises non-absorber gas, detected signal in detected signal in the sample cell and the reference groove is made comparisons so that the absolute measurement to gas content in the sample cell to be provided.The United States Patent (USP) 6,317,212 and 6,369,387 that all is incorporated into this has by reference disclosed each feature of open circuit and closed circuit gas tester, comprises optical filter configuration and technology.
As mentioned above, the pollution of gas tester can cause measurement of concetration inaccurate.Pollution can take place in sample cell, and can take place in the part of holding light source and detecting device of gas tester.In addition, inaccurate content measurement can cause because of the fluctuation of gas temperature.Below each embodiment solution to these problems is provided.Any that should be noted that these embodiment can be used separately, and perhaps combination with one another is used.
Detachable airslide
According to each embodiment, gas tester comprises that the simple no instrument of realizing the sample gas chute is removed so that the encapsulation scheme that cleans such as the scene of the optical module of light source and detecting device optical window.This encapsulation scheme also advantageously allows to safeguard drying agent and washing path (referring to for example previous United States Patent (USP) 6,317,212 of combination by reference), but and advantageously allows the distance of the repeatedly setting between light source and the detecting device.
Fig. 1 illustrates the gas tester 10 according to comprising of an embodiment of detachable sample gas chute 20.Sample cell 20 comprises the shell mechanism with the air inlet port 25 and the port 30 of giving vent to anger.Column part 40 is limited to the air flow path that two ends have two openings.Column part can be the part of the shell mechanism of groove 20, and perhaps itself can separate with shell mechanism.In operation, gas enters air inlet port 25, flows through the air flow path that is limited by column part 40, and discharges from the port 30 of giving vent to anger.In one embodiment, pressure transducer 35 (externally illustrating) is oriented to measure the pressure at the interior some place of air flow path inside.
When being in couple state, by column part 40 air flow path that limits and the optical path substantial alignment that limits by first and second optical windows.Should be appreciated that optical path and air flow path do not need alignment, and only the part of air flow path need be continuous with optical path.It should also be understood that, although column part 40 comprises open-ended air flow path with shell 22 decoupling zeros the time, but at arbitrary end of this flow path, as first and second optical windows of structure 22 substitute or additional, optical window can or be positioned on this sample cell 20 with sample cell 20 couplings.
In one embodiment, in order to make sample cell 20 and coupling of gas tester shell mechanism and decoupling zero, one or more (being shown two among the figure) thumbscrew is set increases or reduce the distance of detector portion 50 with respect to post 23.When being in couple state, the user only need trigger thumbscrew, and detector portion 50 and post 23 are separated enough distances, and removes sample cell 20.Equally, for sample cell 20 and the gas tester of being coupled, the user will make detector portion 50 extend enough distances, be adjacent to insertion groove 20 with post 23, and trigger thumbscrew, and sample cell 20 is engaged between detector portion 50 and the Lights section 60 so that detector portion 50 and post 23 mesh again.Optical window and O shape circle help to guarantee the aeroseal of air flow path in the sample cell 20.The coupling mechanism that substitutes can comprise bayonet lock (such as what use in the camera), anchor clamps, clip or other fastening mechanism.
Advantageously, design shown in Figure 1 makes that sample cell 20 and associated component can easy removals.The mechanical encapsulation scheme makes sample cell to remove on easy, no instrument ground, to clean light source and detecting device optical window.This allows using gases analyzer (for example IR gas tester or IRGA) and need not filtering dust from sample gas (this has reduced the power requirement to air-flow).Remove sample cell in order to keep aeroseal and to allow, detector housing 50 extends as illustrated in fig. 1 and exceeds the remainder of assembly.Provide from detector housing 50, by annulated column part 23, to the airtight path of light shell outer cover 60 and necessary electric assembly, so that CO
2And H
2O and air insulated.Should be appreciated that gas tester can be configured to make attachment mechanisms to allow the Lights section 60 to extend and exceed post 23, extending as detector portion 50 with this exceeds the additional or alternative of post 23.
Temperature and pressure is measured
Knowing sample temperature degree is important to various measurements, calculates mole fraction such as being used for according to density value.According to an embodiment, with mode, the air inlet port 25 of measuring samples groove 20 and the temperature at port 30 places of giving vent to anger of arbitrary light signal (for example IRGA signal) in can not the barrier air path.Volume averaging temperature in the groove can be calculated according to the flow velocity of relation between the entrance and exit temperature and sample gas.In particular aspects, for example class function is T
IRGA=f (T
Inlet, T
Outlet, T
Stop, U), wherein U is the average velocity by groove.In particular aspects, can use the additional temp sensor to measure the deblocking temperature of right cylinder 40, and/or measure the temperature at difference place in the air flow path.
In one embodiment, use with after promptly abandon thermopair (for example E type thermopair) measurement entrance and exit temperature.For example, in particular aspects, thermopair is to stride the tight string shape thermopair that has the printed circuit board (PCB) of being convenient to the moving through hole of sample air-flow.Fig. 2 illustrates the thermopair design of using according to an embodiment in the sample cell air inlet port and the port of giving vent to anger.Printed circuit board (PCB) 80 comprises that string has the hole of thermopair press strip 85.In particular aspects, printed circuit board (PCB) is included in the structure 20 or is installed on the structure 20, so that the air flow path of this hole and the air inlet/port 25/30 of giving vent to anger is continuous.O shape circle 90 provides the aeroseal gas circuit.This design allows thermopair easily to be replaced, and guarantees that temperature survey carries out in the central shaft of air-flow.Generally speaking, it is desirable obtaining the accurate measurement with same frequency response.For example, the frequency response of thermopair and volume frequency response (for example physical responses of airslide) are complementary.For example, 0.002 " thermopair advantageously provides frequency response to the air-flow of 15 liters/minute (LPM), and it is identical with the signal attenuation that causes because of the volume averaging in the IRGA basically.In one embodiment, these measurements are synchronized with each other to solve slight timing variations and frequency change.For example, gas content (CO for example
2And H
2O), the measurement of temperature and pressure advantageously carried out in about 0.2 second, more advantageously in about 0.1 second, carry out each other in a particular embodiment.Describe more as following, this will realize the calculating of your mark of unlubricated friction.These signals can align in real time with variation/delay settling time, describe more as following.
In a particular embodiment, use single temperature sensor.For example, single temperature sensor can be positioned near the air inlet port, near the port of giving vent to anger or near the inside of airslide.Temperature survey can be carried out, and single temperature sensor signal can be used and such as the known parameters volume calculated temperature of flow velocity, airslide volume etc.Yet, be appreciated that and use two (or a plurality of) temperature sensors that the more sane of gas in the airslide and temperature accurately will be provided as mentioned above.
It is also important that the pressure of knowing in the airslide so that calculate mole fraction according to density value.Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic sketch according to the pressure survey scheme of an embodiment.In one embodiment, for example the pressure transducer of sensor 35 comprises differential pressure transducer.For ease of making the sensor head maintenance compact as much as possible, in one embodiment, the coupling group of absolute/differential pressure transducer is used to obtain the high-frequency pressure data (because it is quite big to measure the pressure transducer possibility volume of absolute sensor) from sample cell.The pressure of airslide internal gas can be determined the Calais with mean pressure mutually by making differential pressure.In one embodiment, pressure transducer is the high speed pressure sensor.Useful pressure transducer comprises pressure drag silicon differential pressure transducer (MPX2010DP for example, Freescale Semiconductor Inc. (Motorola)) and pressure drag silicon absolute pressure transducer (for example MPX4115A, Freescale Semiconductor Inc. (Motorola)) can use conspicuous other pressure transducer of those skilled in the art.
According to an embodiment, the sample gas chute comprises disrance sleeve and/or airbag or the vacuum bag of being made by the low heat conductivity material.Useful material comprises low CO
2(special teflon PTFE (teflon) that for example can be extremely useful is because all plastics absorb certain CO to absorb plastics
2And water vapor, but the absorption of special teflon is low unusually) and other suitable material.Can use double-walled vacuum metal sleeve pipe or other design.The heat radiation of this sleeve pipe by making air-flow and air distribution system (for example heat radiation of being undertaken by the electron device of gas tester) decoupling zero advantageously makes the temperature variation between import and the exit thermocouple minimize (so that accuracy rate maximization).Generally speaking, temperature variation is big more, and the volume averaging temperature is high more to its dependence as two functions that record temperature.Thereby hot disrance sleeve should make at least a portion of airslide and other assembly of this system isolate in use.Fig. 4 illustrate at non-heat insulation (on) example of thermal conductivity in the airslide of airslide and heat insulation (descending) airslide.Last figure is typical metal sample groove, and under illustrate isolation channel, wherein unique thermoflux enters from the window at two ends.As can be seen, thermoflux significantly reduces, and the error in the temperature survey also reduces greatly.In two situations, the unweighted average that deducts the entrance and exit temperature by actual temperature comes the error of calculation.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment who comprises the sample cell of wherein having removed groove plug-in unit 95 (qualification air flow path).As can be seen, also show the location and the encapsulation scheme of the air inlet port and near the thermopair plate 80 of port of giving vent to anger.
Mole fraction is measured
In order to determine and the output mole fraction that calculating should be carried out in real time.For this reason, digital electron device receives various signals and carries out in real time and calculate.Obtain high speed temperature and pressure signal from the sensor of apart.Equally, each sensor has its oneself characteristic frequency response (depending on flow velocity sometimes) usually.According to an embodiment, the sequential of alignment sensor (for example remove and postpone), and consider that where necessary frequency response is with the mole fraction in the calculation sample groove (for example, need not directly to measure the temperature of this position).As shown in Figure 6, according to an embodiment, measure temperature at point ' A ', at point ' B ' gaging pressure, ' C measures outlet temperature, and gas content is the volume averaging measurement in the frame of broken lines at point.In particular aspects, signal alignment is carried out (for example being undertaken by the intelligent object that is suitable for handling sort signal) in real time when receiving signal.Yet, should be appreciated that and can carry out signal Processing afterwards.For example, after having carried out measurement, but the data of storage signal or expression signal, and provide it to intelligent object so that handle afterwards.
According to an embodiment, use according to the gas tester of each embodiment disclosed herein and determine unlubricated friction that mark.Advantageously, the gas tester that discloses herein can carry out unlubricated friction that fraction measurement under high bandwidth.For example, determine CO with characteristic frequency response (for example 10Hz)
2Or your mark of the unlubricated friction of other gas componant is desirable.For ease of this output is provided, carry out following steps according to an embodiment.At first, introduce flow velocity by for example IRGA with about 10Hz or the ventilation of bigger Ventilation Rate.For example, initiate surrounding air with desired flow rate and enter air intake opening, flowing by airslide, outflow gas outlet.Then, with the volume averaging temperature similarly, with frequency response in an A and C place measurement temperature (for example, 0.002 " ' E ' type thermopair of diameter provide similar response to the flow velocity of 15 liters/minute (LPM)) by IRGA.To measure similar frequency response, measure the pressure (for example differential pressure) at B point place to other.Temperature survey side by side and with pressure survey is side by side carried out each other basically basically.The temperature at A and C place is proofreaied and correct (T for example at apart
A(t+ delay) and T
C(t-delay), wherein postponing is the function of flow velocity and flow process/IRGA geometric configuration).Basically measure side by side with these, detector system is determined the content of gas componant (for example carbon dioxide and water vapor).In particular aspects, bandwidth of all signals (for example temperature, pressure, absorptivity) and physical time constant (being that flow velocity is divided by the volume) coupling that flows through the stream of airslide volume.Appendix A illustrates the example calculation that is used for determining your mark of unlubricated friction.In case be determined, can return (for example showing or storage) unlubricated friction that mark so that use afterwards.
Should be appreciated that in this article and other place, quoting the mole fraction that comprises water vapor (CO for example
2Mole fraction) time, uses term " mole fraction " usually; When quoting the mole fraction of having removed water vapor, use term " unlubricated friction that mark " usually, and in particular instance, can use term " instantaneous mole fraction " or " instantaneous unlubricated friction that mark " to refer to measure at a high speed.
Should be appreciated that the gas analysis process that the computer code that moves on the computer system realizes comprising the mole fraction deterministic process that can be used on.Code comprises and is used for the instruction that processor controls realizes the various aspects and the step of gas analysis process.Code is stored in hard disk, RAM or the portable medium such as CD, DVD etc. usually.Equally, these processes can realize in comprising the gas tester of intelligent object that intelligent object has usually carries out the one or more processors that are stored in the instruction in the memory cell that is coupled to processor.This intelligent object can be the part of gas tester, or with the direct or indirect part of the separate payment of coupling of gas tester.The code that comprises this instruction can download to the gas tester memory cell via connecting to the network of code source or directly connect or using well-known portable medium.
Those skilled in the art are to be understood that, each process of the present invention can be used such as C, C++, C#, Fortran, the various programming languages of VisualBasic etc. and provide to data visual and analyze useful encapsulate in advance flow process, function and process such as Mathematica
Should be used for the coding.Another of the latter is exemplified as MATLAB
Although described the present invention, be appreciated that to the invention is not restricted to disclosed each embodiment by example and according to specific embodiment.On the contrary, be intended to cover various variants and the similar configuration that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, the scope of claims should be according to the most wide in range explanation, so that comprise all these variants and similar configuration.
Claims (39)
1. gas tester comprises:
A) comprise the detector portion of detecting device;
B) comprise the Lights section of light source; And
C) be removably disposed in detachable air drain between described the Lights section and the described detector portion, described detachable air drain comprises:
Limit the shell mechanism of gas channel, wherein go to described detector portion along light path by described gas channel from the light of described light source;
The air inlet port;
The port of giving vent to anger, the wherein said air inlet port and the port of giving vent to anger are positioned on the shell mechanism;
First temperature sensor is suitable for measuring in described gas channel the temperature of the gas that flows; And
Be arranged in the pressure transducer at the some place of gas channel shell mechanism, the gaseous tension at some place in described pressure transducer is suitable for measuring in the airslide.
2. gas tester as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described detachable air drain comprises further and be positioned near described second temperature sensor of giving vent to anger the port that wherein said first temperature sensor is positioned near the described air inlet port.
3. gas tester comprises:
A) comprise the detector portion of detecting device;
B) comprise the Lights section of light source; And
C) be removably disposed in detachable air drain between described the Lights section and the described detector portion, described detachable air drain comprises:
Limit the shell mechanism of gas channel, wherein go to described detector portion along light path by described gas channel from the light of described light source;
The air inlet port;
The port of giving vent to anger, the wherein said air inlet port and the port of giving vent to anger are positioned on the shell mechanism;
Be positioned near first temperature sensor of described air inlet port; And
Be positioned near described second temperature sensor of port of giving vent to anger.
4. gas tester as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, also comprises the pressure transducer that is arranged in gas channel shell mechanism point place, the gaseous tension at some place in described pressure transducer is suitable for measuring in the airslide.
5. gas tester as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, also comprise intelligent object with described first and second temperature sensors, described pressure transducer and the coupling of described detecting device, described intelligent object is suitable for based on detector signal and described pressure transducer gaseous tension and described first and second temperature sensors being measured the basic synchronization of gas temperature, determines the unlubricated friction that mark of circulation road composition of gases within.
6. gas tester as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, to the measurement of gaseous tension and described first and second temperature sensors to the measurement of gas temperature each other about 0.2 second or following in carry out.
7. gas tester as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the measurement and described first and second temperature sensors of gaseous tension are carried out with 1.0Hz or faster rate approximately to the measurement of gas temperature.
8. gas tester as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described intelligent object is proofreaied and correct the delay that produces because of the apart the temperature signal that receives from described first and second temperature sensors, and wherein said delay is the function of gas flow rate in the gas channel.
9. gas tester as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described gas componant comprises CO
2And H
2O, and wherein gas is air.
10. gas tester as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described pressure transducer is the high speed pressure sensor.
11. gas tester as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described detachable air drain further comprises hot disrance sleeve, and described hot disrance sleeve is suitable for making at least the shell mechanism of the described gas channel of qualification and the component heat of described gas tester to isolate.
12. gas tester as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described pressure transducer is the high speed pressure sensor.
13. the method for your mark of the unlubricated friction of gas componant in the airslide of a measurement gas analyzer, described method comprises:
Make gas stream cross described airslide;
Measure in the described airslide gas componant to the absorptivity of light;
Basic synchronization ground measurement gas is in the temperature T 1 at the input port place of described airslide;
Basic synchronization ground measurement gas is in the temperature T 2 at the output port place of described airslide;
Basic synchronization ground measurement gas is in the pressure P at the interior some place of described airslide; And
Determine the unlubricated friction that mark of gas componant based on measured absorptivity, P, T1 and T2.
14. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, determines that absorptivity comprises detector signal and reference signal are made comparisons.
15. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, measures absorptivity and comprises:
See through the light that described airslide emission has the known wavelength band;
Receive the light of being launched at the detecting device place; And
Determine that described gas componant is to light emitted absorptivity.
16. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, emission comprises the light that has wide or narrow wavelength band by narrow pass filter emission, and wherein said narrow pass filter allows the most of light in the described known wavelength band to pass through.
17. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the measurement of T1, T2 and P is carried out in about 0.2 second or less time each other.
18. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the measurement of T1, T2 and P is carried out with about 1.0Hz or faster rate.
19. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described gas componant comprises CO
2And H
2O, and wherein gas is air.
20. method as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, determine that your mark of described unlubricated friction comprises the delay of proofreading and correct because of the apart generation from the temperature signal of the described air inlet port and the port reception of giving vent to anger, wherein said delay is the function of gas flow rate in the described airslide.
21. method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, measured pressure P is one of mean pressure or differential pressure.
22. the gas analysis system of your mark of the unlubricated friction of a measurement gas composition, described system comprises:
Airslide, wherein gas flows to the port of giving vent to anger from the air inlet port;
Light source is configured to see through described airslide emission light;
Detector subsystem is configured to export gas componant in the described airslide of expression to the absorptivity signal of the absorptivity of light;
Be positioned near first temperature sensor of air inlet port of described airslide;
Be positioned near second temperature sensor of port of giving vent to anger of described airslide;
Pressure transducer is suitable for measuring the pressure at the interior some place of described airslide; And
Intelligent object with described first and second temperature sensors, pressure transducer and detector subsystem coupling, described intelligent object is suitable for based on absorptivity signal and pressure transducer gaseous tension and temperature sensor being measured the basic synchronization of gas temperature, determines the unlubricated friction that mark of gas componant.
23. the system as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, to the measurement of gaseous tension and described first and second temperature sensors to the measurement of gas temperature each other about 0.2 second or following in carry out.
24. the system as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, the measurement and described first and second temperature sensors of gaseous tension are carried out with 1.0Hz or faster rate approximately to the measurement of gas temperature.
25. the system as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described gas componant comprises CO
2And H
2O, and wherein gas is air.
26. the system as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described airslide removably is attached to the structure between described light source and the detector subsystem.
27. the system as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that, described intelligent object is further adapted for proofreaies and correct the delay that produces because of the apart the temperature signal that receives from described first and second temperature sensors, and wherein said delay is the function of gas flow rate in the described airslide.
28. the system as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, further comprises hot disrance sleeve, described hot disrance sleeve is configured to make at least the part of described airslide and other assembly of described system to isolate.
29. the system as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, first and second temperature sensors comprise the thermopair of the central spot that is positioned at the air flow path that is limited by the corresponding port separately.
30. one kind is suitable for being placed on the Lights section of gas tester system and the detachable air drain between the detector portion, described detachable air drain comprises:
Limit the shell mechanism of gas channel;
First opening at described gas channel one end place;
Second opening at the other end place of described gas channel, wherein said first and second openings limit light is gone to detector portion by air drain from light source light path; And
The air inlet port;
The port of giving vent to anger, the wherein said air inlet port and the port of giving vent to anger depart from optical axis and are positioned on the shell mechanism;
Be positioned near first temperature sensor of described air inlet port; And
Be positioned near described second temperature sensor of port of giving vent to anger.
31. detachable air drain as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, also comprises the pressure transducer that is arranged in gas channel shell mechanism point place, the gaseous tension at some place in described pressure transducer is suitable for measuring in the airslide.
32. detachable air drain as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, the thermopair that comprises one of at least the central spot that is positioned at the air flow path that is limited by the corresponding port of first and second temperature sensors.
33. one kind is suitable for being placed on the Lights section of gas tester system and the detachable air drain between the detector portion, described detachable air drain comprises:
Limit the shell mechanism of gas channel;
First opening at described gas channel one end place;
Second opening at the other end place of described gas channel, wherein said first and second openings limit light is gone to detector portion by air drain from light source light path;
The air inlet port;
The port of giving vent to anger, the wherein said air inlet port and the port of giving vent to anger depart from optical axis and are positioned on the shell mechanism;
First temperature sensor is suitable for measuring in described gas channel the temperature of the gas that flows; And
Pressure transducer is suitable for measuring the gaseous tension at the interior some place in the described airslide.
34. detachable air drain as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, further comprises being positioned near second temperature sensor of gas outlet, wherein first temperature sensor is positioned near the air intake opening.
35. detachable air drain as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, the thermopair that comprises one of at least the central spot that is positioned at the air flow path that is limited by the corresponding port of first and second temperature sensors.
36. detachable air drain as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, comprises that also the length of described draft tube is less than about 1.0 meters with the draft tube of described atmosphere and the coupling of described air inlet port.
37. detachable air drain as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, comprises that also the length of described draft tube is less than about 1.0 meters with the draft tube of described atmosphere and the coupling of described air inlet port.
38. gas tester as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises that also the length of described draft tube is less than about 1.0 meters with the draft tube of described atmosphere and the coupling of described air inlet port.
39. gas tester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, further be included near first optical window of detector portion and near second optical window the Lights section, wherein first optical window and second optical window provide aeroseal for the assembly in detector portion and the Lights section.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2008/082671 WO2010053486A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Gas analyzer |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012100827867A Division CN102645409A (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Gas analyzer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102272577A true CN102272577A (en) | 2011-12-07 |
Family
ID=42153123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008801326519A Pending CN102272577A (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2008-11-06 | Gas analyzer |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2352987A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2012507734A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102272577A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2008363810A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2742728C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010053486A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102235960A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-09 | 钟雷 | Novel gas density sensor |
| CN106124406A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-11-16 | 合肥金星机电科技发展有限公司 | The in situ detection device of flue gas |
| CN111536950A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 杭州浅海科技有限责任公司 | Method for removing temperature influence of profile marine measuring instrument |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105445157A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-30 | 常熟市矿山机电器材有限公司 | Air quality monitoring system |
| JP2017166978A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Flow cell and gas analyzer having flow cell |
| JP6979017B2 (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2021-12-08 | 株式会社 堀場アドバンスドテクノ | Measurement cell structure and optical analyzer |
| US10962486B2 (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2021-03-30 | Blue Ocean Nova AG | System for the process-integrated optical analysis of flowable media |
| CN107806900A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-16 | 太原双鼎科技有限公司 | A kind of environment monitoring device |
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- 2008-11-06 WO PCT/US2008/082671 patent/WO2010053486A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-06 JP JP2011535547A patent/JP2012507734A/en active Pending
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- 2008-11-06 CN CN2008801326519A patent/CN102272577A/en active Pending
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| CN111536950A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-14 | 杭州浅海科技有限责任公司 | Method for removing temperature influence of profile marine measuring instrument |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2352987A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| CA2742728A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
| WO2010053486A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
| EP2352987A4 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
| JP2012507734A (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| CA2742728C (en) | 2013-02-05 |
| AU2008363810A1 (en) | 2010-05-14 |
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Application publication date: 20111207 |