CN102269973A - Method for vaguely predicting, compensating and controlling tower top temperature during desulfurization of sintering flue gas - Google Patents
Method for vaguely predicting, compensating and controlling tower top temperature during desulfurization of sintering flue gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for vaguely predicting, compensating and controlling tower top temperature during desulfurization of sintering flue gas. Aiming at the problem that the tower top temperature cannot be stably controlled due to the influence of system time delay and external disturbance during desulfurization of the sintering flue gas, the method comprises the following steps of: building a prediction model of the tower top temperature by using a heat transfer mechanism; designing a vague prediction and compensation controller of the tower top temperature by taking the difference between a prediction value and a set value as input; and compensating water injection quantity by using model rule. By the method, main disturbance in a system is introduced into the prediction model, and a compensation value is calculated according to the difference between the prediction value and the set value, so the problems of poor stability of the system caused by large fluctuation of disturbance factors and the time delay of the system are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process.
Background technology
Sintering is Iron and Steel Production second big power consumer as the important step of smelting iron and steel, sulphuric dioxide (SO
2) discharging account for first of total release, its energy-saving and emission-reduction account for critical role in the steel industry energy-saving and emission-reduction.At present in the sintering desulfuration technology, semidry-method recirculating fluidized bed is an important technology, these technology utilization unslaked lime slurries can with SO
2Chemical reaction takes place absorb SO
2Be used for reducing SO
2Concentration, because this chemical reaction belongs to themopositive reaction, therefore a relatively low temperature environment is a decision desulfuration efficiency key factor just, on the engineering generally with the tower top temperature of desulfurizer as the index of weighing temperature regime in the tower, to the control of tower top temperature is a important step in the sweetening process, will directly have influence on the normal operation of the desulfuration efficiency and the equipment of system.Can suppress desulfurization chemical reaction if temperature is too high, thereby reduce the reactivity of desulfurizing agent, this just causes and must guarantee the stable of desulfuration efficiency by improving desulfurization dosage, thereby has caused waste.
At present in the domestic circulating fluidized bed system of having set up, control at tower top temperature substantially still is in the operational phase manually, yet manually the basis for estimation of control only is that the size of observing the cat head temperature value is regulated injection flow rate, but because the singularity of sintering process process, the entrance flue gas temperature of desulphurization system change frequent and fluctuation range greatly, only rely on artificial judgment to be difficult to realize accurately and control timely.The fluctuation of tower top temperature also is disadvantageous to system, can suppress desulphurization reaction and reduce desulfuration efficiency when it is too high; Cross when hanging down and can keep higher desulfuration efficiency really, but lower temperature can cause corrosion to system, even cause the obstruction of fly-ash separator, the intelligent control technology of therefore studying a kind of tower top temperature is very to be necessary.
Tower top temperature is controlled by injection flow rate in the adjusting desulfurizer.Water injector is positioned at the venturi section in the native system, and as shown in Figure 1, water at first mixes with pressurized air, by being arranged in the nozzle in the tower, enters in the tower with the form that atomizes then.The effect of water spray is temperature in the control tower on the one hand, makes to reach one in the tower and help the temperature environment that desulphurization reaction carries out, and can make the top layer of sorbent particle (as calcium hydroxide) form desulfurizing agent solution on the other hand, for absorbing SO fully effectively
2Necessary condition is provided.
Summary of the invention
The present invention wants the technical solution problem to provide a kind of tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process, should solve the excessive low excessively problem of system stability that causes of disturbance factor fluctuation towards the tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method of sintering flue gas desulfurization process well.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted to be:
A kind of tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process, on the basis of the basic closed-loop control system of original tower top temperature, structure tower top temperature forecast model adopts the fuzzy prediction compensating controller that the basic closed-loop control system of original tower top temperature is implemented the problem that compensation brings to system with the resolution system disturbance;
The input quantity of the basic closed-loop control system of described original tower top temperature is the real-time detected value of tower top temperature, inputs to be decided to be the tower top temperature setting value, and output quantity is the water spray value, and control strategy is PID control;
The output quantity of fuzzy prediction compensating controller is the predictive compensation value of injection flow rate;
Predictive compensation value and the addition of water spray value are as the actual water spray value in the sintering flue gas desulfurization process.
The tower top temperature forecast model is:
Wherein, T is the tower top temperature predicted value;
T
0Be the tower top temperature actual value;
K is a scale-up factor, is 1.27 * 10
3Kcal/ ℃;
F
gBe the inlet flue gas flow, be known quantity;
m
uBe the returning charge amount, be known quantity;
T
gBe entrance flue gas temperature, be known quantity;
T
uBe material air-teturning temperature, be known quantity;
C
PgBe the flue gas ratio of specific heat, be 0.36kcal/g ℃;
C
PuFor the material ratio of specific heat is 0.23kcal/g ℃;
Δ T
0, Δ T
1Be respectively the temperature change value after water and slurries absorb flue gas heat;
C
wBe specific heat of water, be 1kcal/g ℃;
M=∫ f
wDt is an injection flow rate, f
wBe spray flow, obtain that t is the time by flow monitoring;
F
t(unit is m to the desulfurizer slurry flow
3), be known quantity;
C
tBe the ratio of specific heat of desulfurizer slurry, be 0.54kcal/g ℃.
The input quantity of fuzzy prediction compensating controller is: the difference between tower top temperature predicted value and the tower top temperature setting value is deviation and deviation variation rate; The output quantity of fuzzy prediction compensating controller is that the predictive compensation value of injection flow rate is m
f
The domain of deviation E and deviation variation rate EC is respectively [10,10] ℃ and [5,5] ℃/and min, the domain of fuzzy controller output U is [3,3] t/h, fuzzy subset's sum of E, EC, U is 5: { NB, NS, O, PS, PB}, NB, NS, O, PS, PB represent negative big, negative little, zero, just little and honest respectively; E, EC, U membership function all select triangle to distribute, and the membership function form is as follows:
Wherein u represents the actual size of E, EC, U, and a, b represent the bound of three basic domains of amount, and the output domain of fuzzy controller output quantity U is [3,3] t/h,
Fuzzy rule is as above shown.
Beneficial effect:
The problem that causes to realize stable control towards the tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method of sintering flue gas desulfurization process at tower top temperature in the sintering flue gas desulfurization process because of the influence of system's time lag and external disturbance of the present invention, at first pass through heat-transfer mechanism, set up the forecast model of tower top temperature, then, with the deviation of predicted value and setting value as input, design tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating controller compensates injection flow rate by fuzzy rule.The present invention introduces the main disturbance of system in the forecast model, and calculate offset according to the deviometer of predicted value and setting value, therefore when feedforward disturbance quantity such as inlet flue gas amount, entrance flue gas temperature, when the slurry flow injection flow rate changes, this technology dopes following certain tower top temperature constantly by forecast model, and come system is realized the feedforward compensation adjustment according to the deviation of tower top temperature predicted value and setting value and deviation variation rate thereof, control system can be made the variation of feedforward disturbance factor by Feedforward Compensation Technology and judge in advance and make compensation like this, has suppressed the influence that disturbance brings to system.
This feedforward control technology has fast-response preferably with respect to the feedback closed loop control loop of present classics, just compare and the calculation control amount by the value of feedback and the setting value of actual tower top temperature in common feedback closed loop loop, and the value of feedback of actual tower top temperature has certain hysteresis quality for controlled quentity controlled variable, therefore the variation tendency that can not accurately reflect tower top temperature this moment has caused controller the variation of disturbance factor to be lacked the performance of quick response.By contrast, then be relatively based on the Feedforward Compensation Technology of tower top temperature forecast model with the predicted value of tower top temperature and setting value, can well judge according to the trend of system change, calculate the water spray compensation rate.
Be illustrated in figure 4 as this technology certain 360m of steel plant at home
2Realized commercial Application (but unexposed) in the sintering machine circulating fluidized bed desulfur system, the fluctuation of sinter fume temperature is very big as can be seen, before this technology is used, causes the control of tower top temperature that very big fluctuation is arranged, and fluctuation range reaches 70 ℃～142 ℃.And after Feedforward Compensation Technology was applied in this system, the stability of tower top temperature control had had large increase, and controller can be good at suppressing the influence that the flue gas disturbance brings system, and tower top temperature remains in 75 ℃～90 ℃ scopes substantially.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 recirculating fluidized bed process chart;
Fig. 2 tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensation control structure block diagram;
The membership function of Fig. 3 E and EC;
Fig. 4 wherein schemes the control curve of a for not adopting the technology of the present invention to obtain for tower top temperature control curve, the control curve of figure b for adopting the technology of the present invention to obtain.
Number in the figure explanation: 1. aditus laryngis; 2. cyclone separator; 3. fly-ash separator; 4. blower fan.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the circulating fluid bed flue gas desulfurization technique process flow diagram, flue gas enters from the desulfurizer bottom, desuperheating water and desulfurizing agent spray into from the desulfurizer aditus laryngis under pressure-air, and above aditus laryngis, form the vaporific zone of a slice, enter high-temperature flue gas in the tower by the venturi at aditus laryngis place after the water and the abundant contact reaction of desulfurizing agent of ejection and top at a high speed, and the heat of flue gas progressively shifts to desuperheating water by the spray cooling mode, the temperature of flue gas progressively reduces, the detected value that generally adopts at present tower top temperature in this research field is as weighing temperature environment in the whole tower, through a large amount of experiments and the summary of experience of on-the-spot actual items draw when tower top temperature be to help efficiently carrying out of desulphurization reaction most during at 80-95 ℃, can suppress desulfurization chemical reaction when temperature is higher than this scope, desulfuration efficiency can reduce greatly; When being lower than this scope, the dewfall phenomenon can appear in the flue gas of possible cat head position, not only can etching apparatus, may also can stop up the cloth bag of sack cleaner.
Yet because the singularity of sintering process, it is different from the flue gas of boiler of power plant, sinter fume is that flue-gas temperature or exhaust gas volumn fluctuation are all very big, only do not rely on simple manually-operated or PID controller can't realize stable control if do not consider the influence of these big disturbances, therefore the present invention proposes a kind of predictive compensation control technology, on the basis of original close loop control circuit, add fuzzy prediction compensation control technology, to reach the effect that suppresses system disturbance.Concrete grammar is as follows.
1 energy conversion relation from heat transfer angle analysis spray desuperheating process draws the important parameter that influences tower top temperature, and sets up the forecast model based on system disturbance factor and tower top temperature on this basis
At first, from theory, the factor that influences tower top temperature is a lot, inlet flue gas, returning charge, desuperheating water, humidity all have certain influence to tower top temperature, and from the angle that energy shifts, inlet flue gas, returning charge are main ability input ends, desuperheating water then is main energy output terminal, for temperature control, the factor of inlet flue gas and returning charge is uncontrollable, and unique what can control is injection flow rate.
Before carrying out the desulfurizer heat balance, need plan the thermal equilibrium system, as the mensuration system, find out the various heats of desulfurizer system with the desulfurizer body, foundation can mark the thermal balance model of various revenue and expenditure heats.
Because the variation of inlet flue gas can have influence on the variation of tower top temperature behind certain hour, therefore entrance flue gas temperature and exhaust gas volumn thereof can be introduced from feed forward models, system can operate in advance when thereby inlet flue gas changed certainly, reduce the influence of disturbance to system, sum up energy input in the desulfurizer system based on law of conservation of energy, the factor of output also has the inlet flue gas amount by the input that practical experience and data analysis can draw forecast model, entrance flue gas temperature, desulfurization dosage, the returning charge amount, material air-teturning temperature, injection flow rate, tower top temperature is output as the tower top temperature predicted value.
(1) heat input item
The heat input item mainly is meant the heat that material and flue gas are brought into, and flue gas heat is wherein arranged, and its expression formula is:
Q
in＝Q
g+Q
u (1)
Q
g＝F
gC
pgT
g (2)
Q
u＝m
uC
puT
u (3)
Q
InBe energy input item (J)
Q
gThe energy of bringing into for flue gas (J)
Q
uThe energy of bringing into for material (J)
F
gBe inlet flue gas flow (m
3), be known quantity, obtain by the flue gas on-line detector.
m
uFor returning charge amount (kg), be known quantity, obtain by returning charge unit frequency and weighing instrument;
T
gBe entrance flue gas temperature, be known quantity, obtain by the flue gas on-line detector;
T
uBe material air-teturning temperature, be known quantity, detect acquisition by temperature sensor in the returning charge storehouse;
C
PgBeing the flue gas ratio of specific heat, is 0.36 (kcal/g ℃);
C
PuFor the material ratio of specific heat is 0.23 (kcal/g ℃);
Formula (1) has provided the heat input item, and the input of circulating fluidized bed system heat energy mainly is that flue gas and material are brought into.Wherein inlet flue gas is uncontrollable, and it is by the decision of sintering industrial and mineral, and the variation of inlet flue gas also is the main disturbance factor of system.
(2) heat output item
The heat output item mainly is that the desuperheating water and the desulfurizer slurry that spray into absorb heat, and its expression formula is:
Q
out＝C
wmΔT
0+C
tF
tΔT
1 (4)
Q
OutBe energy output item (J)
M is injection flow rate (kg), is known quantity, calculates by flow monitoring to obtain
F
tDesulfurizer slurry flow (m
3), be known quantity, obtain by serum pot delivery rate meter
C
wBeing specific heat of water, is 1 (kcal/g ℃)
C
tFor the ratio of specific heat of desulfurizer slurry is 0.54 (kcal/g ℃)
Δ T
0, Δ T
1Be respectively the temperature change value after water and slurries absorb flue gas heat, general value is respectively 70 ℃, 60 ℃.
(3) tower top temperature prediction of overall model
Suppose that the heat interchange of tower wall is 0, ignore the caloric receptivity of some secondary causes such as desulfurizer slurry in addition, make that tower top temperature is T, can draw as next relational expression by analysis to this process of water spray heat absorption:
T be the tower top temperature predicted value (℃)
T
0For the tower top temperature actual value (℃)
K is that scale-up factor is a normal value, a scale-up factor between tower self-energy and the tower top temperature.
Energy relations of metastasis between the material that provides according to formula (5), flue gas, the desuperheating water, can establish multiple linear regression model and be:
Y＝β
0+β
1x
1+β
2x
2+β
3x
3+β
4x
4+β
5x
5 (6)
Y is a tower top temperature, x
1, x
2, x
3, x
4, x
5Be respectively injection flow rate, desulfurization slurry flow, inlet flue gas amount, entrance flue gas temperature, returning charge amount, β
iPartial regression coefficient for relevant variable.
According to principle of least square method, choose one group of data computation { β in the day data of certain steel enterprise sintering machine stack gas desulfurization system of circulating fluid bed
1, β
2, β
3, β
4, β
5.
The forecast model that can draw disturbance factor and injection flow rate by multiple linear regression analysis is as the formula (7):
Y＝-0.406x
1-0.205x
2+0.365x
3+0.663x
4+0.254x
5-13.897 (7)
2 fuzzy compensation controllers based on the tower top temperature forecast model
Original control loop adopts the PID FEEDBACK CONTROL among Fig. 2, and real-time detected value of tower top temperature by detecting feedback and setting value deviation are as the input of controller.This FEEDBACK CONTROL is just controlled according to the tower top temperature value of feedback.Because the spray desuperheating process is the process of a large time delay, the variation of injection flow rate can not be reacted in the variation of tower top temperature at once, therefore when tower top temperature is controlled, must consider a variation tendency of tower top temperature, system adjusts in advance according to the variation tendency of tower top temperature.Draw the predicted value of tower top temperature by forecast model, on this basis as shown in Figure 2, with the predicted value and the setting value T of tower top temperature
Set=85～90 ℃ deviation is as the input of fuzzy compensation controller, and the present invention adopts two-dimensional fuzzy controller when the design fuzzy controller.The core of design of fuzzy control is to sum up project planner's technical know-how and practical operation experience, set up suitable fuzzy reasoning table, according to the required compensation rate of input condition computing system, by the compensation of main control loop setting value being realized the correction in advance to system, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) domain determines
At first calculating the predicted value of tower top temperature and the deviation of setting value is e, and the basic domain of deviation is [10,10] (unit: ℃), select the fuzzy subset to add up to 5, form 5 fuzzy subsets, reflect the size of deviation: { NB, NS, O, PS, PB}, wherein have: NB=is negative big, and PB=is honest, and NS=is negative little, PS=is just little, and O=zero.
The basic domain of deviation variation rate ec and output quantity be respectively [5,5] (℃/min), [3,3] (t/h), the linguistic variable ec of deviation variation rate is divided into 5 shelves equally, selects the fuzzy subset to add up to 5: { NB, NS, O, PS, PB} reflect the size of deviation variation rate.
(2) definition membership function
The present invention adopts the higher subordinate function triangle of resolution to distribute.The membership function of tower top temperature temperature deviation E and deviation variation rate EC as shown in Figure 3.
(3) fuzzy rule determines
By Analysis on Mechanism and sum up the sintering expertise and site operation personnel's experience, determine that the principle that the water spray compensation rate changes is: if deviation greatly or greatly the time, determines that controlled quentity controlled variable is based on quickening elimination deviation; Less when deviation, determine that controlled quentity controlled variable mainly prevents overshoot, be prerequisite with the stability of system.
Fuzzy table is as shown in table 1.The fuzzy inference rule form is as follows:
①If?e＝NB?and?ec＝NB?then?u＝NB；
②If?e＝PB?and?ec＝NB?then?u＝O；
③If?e＝PS?and?ec＝PB?then?u＝NB；
Concrete inference rule is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
3 control effects
The predictive compensation control technology of the raising tower top temperature stability that the present invention proposes is certain 360m of steel plant at home
2Realized commercial Application (but unexposed) in the sintering machine circulating fluidized bed desulfur system.Put into operation so far from system, running effect is good, has reached the requirement that stable tower top temperature improves desulfuration efficiency.In the control system at the scene, added this predictive compensation technology, can better overcome the problem that the sinter fume undulatory property is brought to system greatly, suppressed the influence of flue-gas temperature, exhaust gas volumn disturbance system.By to adopting this predictive compensation technology to control the comparison of situation before with tower top temperature afterwards, can draw the stability that this control technology has improved the tower top temperature control system to a great extent, as shown in Figure 4.From present operation conditions, fully proved the validity of mentioned predictive compensation technology among the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process, it is characterized in that, on the basis of the basic closed-loop control system of original tower top temperature, structure tower top temperature forecast model adopts the fuzzy prediction compensating controller that the basic closed-loop control system of original tower top temperature is implemented the problem that compensation brings to system with the resolution system disturbance;
The input quantity of the basic closed-loop control system of described original tower top temperature is the real-time detected value of tower top temperature, inputs to be decided to be the tower top temperature setting value, and output quantity is the water spray value, and control strategy is PID control;
The output quantity of fuzzy prediction compensating controller is the predictive compensation value of injection flow rate;
Predictive compensation value and the addition of water spray value are as the actual water spray value in the sintering flue gas desulfurization process.
2. the tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process according to claim 1 is characterized in that the tower top temperature forecast model is:
Wherein, T is the tower top temperature predicted value;
T
0Be the tower top temperature actual value;
K is a scale-up factor, is 1.27 * 10
3Kcal/ ℃;
F
gBe the inlet flue gas flow, be known quantity;
m
uBe the returning charge amount, be known quantity;
T
gBe entrance flue gas temperature, be known quantity;
T
uBe material air-teturning temperature, be known quantity;
C
PgBe the flue gas ratio of specific heat, be 0.36kcal/g ℃;
C
PuFor the material ratio of specific heat is 0.2kcal/g ℃;
Δ T
0, Δ T
1Be respectively the temperature change value after water and slurries absorb flue gas heat;
C
wBe specific heat of water, be 1kcal/g ℃;
M=∫ f
wDt is an injection flow rate, f
wBe spray flow, obtain that t is the time by flow monitoring;
F
tThe desulfurizer slurry flow is known quantity;
C
tBe the ratio of specific heat of desulfurizer slurry, be 0.54kcal/g ℃.
3. the tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the input quantity of fuzzy prediction compensating controller is: the difference between tower top temperature predicted value and the tower top temperature setting value is deviation and deviation variation rate; The output quantity of fuzzy prediction compensating controller is that the predictive compensation value of injection flow rate is mf.
4. the tower top temperature fuzzy prediction compensating control method towards the sintering flue gas desulfurization process according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
The domain of deviation E and deviation variation rate EC is respectively [10,10] ℃ and [5,5] ℃/and min, the domain of fuzzy controller output U is [3,3] t/h, fuzzy subset's sum of E, EC, U is 5: { NB, NS, O, PS, PB}, NB, NS, O, PS, PB represent negative big, negative little, zero, just little and honest respectively; E, EC, U membership function all select triangle to distribute, and the membership function form is as follows:
Wherein u represents the actual size of E, EC, U, and a, b represent the bound of three basic domains of amount, and the output domain of fuzzy controller output quantity U is [3,3] t/h,
Fuzzy rule is as above shown.
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| CN108954892B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-02-23 | 广东海悟科技有限公司 | Computer readable storage medium of air source heat pump based on fuzzy control |
| CN108803705A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-11-13 | 成渝钒钛科技有限公司 | Temperature optimization control method, control device and the application of a kind of steelmaking system and computer readable storage medium |
| CN114355769A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-04-15 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Fuzzy control method and system for high-salt water desulfurization recycling amount |
| CN114355769B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-11-03 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Fuzzy control method for high-salt water desulfurization recycling amount and desulfurization system |
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