CN1022656C - High performance electrochemical energy conversion systems - Google Patents
High performance electrochemical energy conversion systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN1022656C CN1022656C CN89100227A CN89100227A CN1022656C CN 1022656 C CN1022656 C CN 1022656C CN 89100227 A CN89100227 A CN 89100227A CN 89100227 A CN89100227 A CN 89100227A CN 1022656 C CN1022656 C CN 1022656C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Thermal control in electrochemical energy conversion systems is achieved by the bulk integration of columnar electrochemical converter elements and heat transport elements. The heat transport elements are disposed between the columnar converter elements to form an inter-columnar array. Radiant heat transfer provides the heat exchange between the converter columns and the heat transport elements.
Description
This application with May in 1986 institute on the 9th application documents number 861,433 continuity is arranged: again with on May 17th, 1985 application documents number 735,441 be United States Patent (USP) 4,629,537 have continuity.
The present invention relates to electrochemical transducer, relate to the improved method of making this transducer, and the high performance system of using these apparatus and method.Be directly fuel to be converted to electric power (electric organ) when this electrochemical transducer is used as fuel cell; Be to be fuel (fuel synthesizer) when being used as electrolyzer with power conversions.The high efficiency of this transducer is to be decided by the correlation of free energy in the electro-chemical reaction and heat content, is not subjected to the restriction of Carnot's cycle efficiency.
Electrification can transducer major part be to have the electrolyte cells of electrode and the brace between each electrolyte cells that places of a similar series is in series by a series of.Each electrolyte cells all is the ion conductor of low ion resistance, when transducer under operating condition, the tolerable ion is separated the matter interface from an electrode-electric and is delivered to another opposite electrode-electric and separates the matter interface.This kind transducer can use various different electrolyte, and for example the zirconia stablized through the compound of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or yittrium oxide one class of high-temperature (normally about 1000 ℃) operational applications just meets the requirements.Electrolyte utilizes oxonium ion to carry electric current.This electrolyte is not answered conduction electron, because of electronics can cause the transducer short circuit.On the other hand, brace then must be the good electron conductor.Interaction between reacting gas, electrode and electrolyte betides the interface of electrode and electrolyte, so require electrode tool porousness to allow the circulation of reacting gas and product.
Electrolyte and brace are made the method for independent sheet unit, by the inventor at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 490, No. 445 are externally open on December 25th, 1984, this paper will be with its data for referencial use.Yet in operating process, electrolyte and brace are folded for formed group can run into the heat imbalance.So one is entitled as before important and how promotes the externally heat of electrolyte element to transmit to reduce the thermal gradient of whole converter bank zoarium.
When electrochemical transducer is used as fuel cell when carrying out fuel to the conversion of electric power, wasted energy must be removed by bath surface.Otherwise,, must supply with the electrolyte heat to keep its reaction by the external world when electrochemical transducer is used as electrolytic cell when carrying out electric power to the conversion of fuel.Past, the convective heat transfer that this heat exchange is mainly flowed and produced in transducer by gas reactant.So will rely on the thermal capacity of reactant to reach heat exchange, will inevitably cause thermal gradient, more cause not good enough electrochemical effect at transducer.
In general electrification energy system, heat controlling machine system must have further to be improved, especially if a kind of like this electrochemical energy conversion systems can be arranged, can automatically adjust the Temperature Distribution in operating temperature and the balanced combination body, then be one of this industrial circle much progress.
In electrochemical energy conversion systems, with the electrochemical transducer element and the heat transfer element entire combination of column, control that can be effective in addition to heat.Heat transfer element is to be installed between each column electrochemical transducer element arrangements, utilizes radiant heat transfer to reach heat exchange action between transition mast and the heat transfer element.
In the present invention, can utilize heat pipe as heat transfer element, this heat pipe has high heat-transfer capability.In a preferred embodiment, heat pipe can be made of a metal tube, have wick-like or netted path in the pipe, the liquid medium that can hold such as sodium or lithium one class passes through, this kind device utilizes medium transport heat can be reached another position rapidly from a certain position of heat pipe, makes the whole piece heat pipe keep the temperature of homogeneous again.During operation, in heat generation place this liquid medium is evaporated to steam state, this steam state medium promptly is condensed into liquid state flowing to the colder place of heat pipe.Circulate in pipe by medium, a large amount of latent heat when utilizing the physics attitude of medium to change can transmit heat rapidly.
Other method is: in simple pipe, make the usefulness of the heat-conducting medium of water, water vapour, carbon dioxide or fluorocarbon and so on as heat transfer element.Medium can be liquid state, steam state or two-phase fluid.But medium type why no matter, heat transfer element preferably constitutes whole the combination with the column transducer, or does regular mutual the arrangement with the column commutator assemble.
Under the optimal conversion efficiency design condition, the electrochemical transducer element is to be made of thin structural detail, and preferably electrolyte sheet and brace all use thin slice.Smooth independent thin electrolyte sheet can be made by the plasma spray coating technology, and the method promptly has detailed explanation in 861, No. 433 common patent application documents of the U.S..On the other hand, microtomy also can act on the production electrolyte sheet, hereinafter will explain.
Can be available as another folded parts of converter bank for the corrugated brace of reactant flow reduction of fractions to a common denominator cloth, this sheet should be made with the material of light weight or cheapness, and preferred brace material must be made easily, be had high strength and chemical stability at high temperature.Thickness is that 100 to 500 microns alloy sheet is very suitable, the formed ceramal of refractory material such as nickel alloy, cobalt alloy, nichrome, nichrome, Aludirome and above-mentioned metal and aluminium oxide or zirconia all is suitable as the usefulness of brace.
When using metal alloy to make brace, on contact point, add plating one deck and be thinner than 10 microns the gold, silver or the thin layer of platinum, can guarantee that brace still keeps electric action in high-temperature oxidation environment.Through the contact point of coating, in the hot conditions test, its durability and stability had been confirmed already through for a long time.Corrugated punching press of brace available metal or deposition technology are made.
Carborundum and molybdenum silicide be also for making the ideal material of brace, carborundum density very low (about 3.1 gram/cubic centimetres), and hydrogen is also low thoroughly, has found that thickness is suitable at 50 to 300 microns carborundum or molybdenum silicide film.Platinum alloy is at the intensity height of operating temperature and Fails To Respond, and it is suitable that thickness is at 50 to 250 microns, and meet the requirement of calorifics and mechanical characteristic and saturating hydrogen.
It is right that electrochemical transducer group poststack is made into again, forms hairpin-shaped pendle with the tube connector of U type, comparatively firm from structure, Yi Bian and circuit is connected and gas confluxes joint all same also more convenient.With many connection modes in parallel, utilize busbar to come to compile and supply capability for the electrochemical transducer of hanging type.Add assembling heat exchanger with being the heat-conducting buffer device, and in the mode of reverse flow, with the gas preheating that enters.
The energy resource system of Pi Luing can be used for different facilities herein, and matches for the usefulness of generating with other thermodynamic processes.In one embodiment, fuel cell can be used in the electricity-Re and the system of giving birth to, and is used for being generated electricity by the industrial steam boiler of repacking.In another embodiment, by the electrochemical circulatory system that high-temperature electrolysis pond and low-temperature fuel cell are formed, can be used for providing in the space travel electric power.
Some preferred embodiment of relevant the present invention will be narrated hereinafter.But mandatory declaration, those skilled in the art can and not exceed under the condition of the scope of the invention in the spirit that does not deviate from the present invention, make various changes and modification.For example, transducer and the heat transfer element with various different configurations all can be made into entire combination.In addition, though converter bank folded with heat transfer element at this with cylindrical signal, shape also can be square or rectangle outside these assemblies in fact.Moreover the other materials with good ion transport character all can replace the usefulness of zirconia as electrolyte sheet.And the style of brace can be with continuous carinate ripple, or with discontinuous knuckle point.
Fig. 1 is the simplification isometric drawing of electrochemical energy resource system of the present invention, wherein adopts cylindricality electrochemical transducer element and heat transfer element.
Fig. 2 is an amplification profile, electrolyte sheet and brace in the single converters of displayed map 1.
Fig. 3 is an isometric drawing, the single electrolyte sheet and the brace of displayed map 2.
Fig. 4 is the isometric drawing in detail of electrochemical energy resource system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of Fig. 2 system, the entire combination of display converter element and heat transfer element.
Fig. 6 is electricity-Re and the living schematic diagram of using that includes the present invention's electrochemical energy resource system.
Fig. 7 includes the schematic diagram that the Space Dynamic of the present invention's electrochemical energy resource system uses.
Fig. 8 makes electrolytic cell with energy resource system of the present invention, is used for the various different configuration schematic diagram of the electrochemical circulatory system.
By the present invention, Fig. 1 shows electrochemical energy conversion systems (10), comprises electrochemical transducer assembly (20) and heat transfer assembly (30).Converter bank zoarium (20) is linked to be by some cartridge by diffusion of volatile treating agent (21) and U type tube connector (22).Cartridge by diffusion of volatile treating agent comprises electrolyte sheet (1) and the brace of alternately arranging (2).Pass the passage of the hole of electrolyte sheet (1) and brace (2) as fuel gas and oxidant.Groove on the brace helps the distribution of gas and compiles.(25) are air among Fig. 1, and (26) are fuel, (27) air for using, and (28) fuel for using, (59) are heat transfer medium.
Heat transfer element (31) is used to converters (21) and gets rid of or heat supply.The entire combination of converters (21) and heat transfer element (31) below is described in detail in detail, and this combination is alternately to be arranged by element (21) and element (31) to form.Heat between element (21) and element (31) is transmitted main by thermal radiation.Radiant heat transfer can reach very high thermal energy, and its result makes in the design need not lean on close mechanical connection, has so reduced the restriction of design and selection heat-transferring assembly material.In addition, the spread pattern of entire combination makes the temperature of electrochemical transducer even, thereby obtains optimized system performance.
As without heat pipe as heat transfer element (31), then conduct heat assembly (30) can by conventional conduit carry the cooling or heat medium.
For example, in the heat radiation operation, can take away by used water the heat transfer element (31) from the radiant heat that transducer (21) comes.The temperature of converter bank overlapping piece can by the external surface area of converter bank overlapping piece with adjust as the ratio of heat transfer element (31) external surface area of thermoreceptor.Utilize the saturation properties of water, the heat transfer element temperature can be regulated by the pressure in the boiler (not shown), for example: in the steam temperature of 190 pounds/square inch steam pressures corresponding to 164 ℃.Have found that the design of this assembly is not only highly sensitive, good stable operation degree is arranged again.The quantity of steam of this system's output is directly decided by the discharge heat of fuel cell, and the variation of heat exhaust does not influence the operating temperature of fuel battery overlapping piece.
The cooling means of this radiation cooperation has following advantage: (1) fuel cell assembly and heat transfer assembly are independently to be assembled, so can keep in repair respectively; (2) demand volume of reactant is decided by the performance of fuel cell fully, and irrelevant with cooling requirement; (3) steam is directly produced by boiler, and its temperature can easily be selected with the pressure that changes in the boiler; (4) to help to keep the temperature of whole battery group overlapping piece even for radiant heat transfer.In various different application, heat-transfer fluid can be water, saturated steam, superheated steam, all gases or various two-phase fluid.
Among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the basic battery unit in the group overlapping piece of electrochemical pond is to be made of electrolyte sheet (1) and brace (2).In one embodiment, electrolyte sheet (1) the zirconia ZrO that can cross by stabilized with yttrium oxide
2(Y
2O
3) make, outward coated with the oxidant electrode (4) of porous and the fuel electrode (5) of porous.The material of oxidant electrode for example can adopt perovskite, as LaMnO
3(Sr).The material of fuel electrode is with ceramet, as ZrO
2/ Ni is good.Brace (2) should be used metal, and such as Inconel, nickel alloy or platinum alloy, also available non-metal conductor such as carborundum are material.Brace (2) also is the partition of fuel and gaseous oxidizer with being the circuit joint face of adjacent two electrolyte sheets, more along electrode surface (4) and (5) heat carrier to sheet (1) and sheet (2) outward flange.In Fig. 2 and 3, (11) oxidant for using, (19) are oxidant, (17) are fuel, (18) fuel for using.
The fuel of electrification pond group overlapping piece can by be positioned at the axial collecting pipe (17) of group overlapping piece through the hole (13) supply with, the fuel product then by collecting pipe (18) through the hole (14) discharge.Fuel is distributed in fuel electrode surface (5) through the trench network to upper surface (6) of brace (2).Breach (8) on the ridge (7) is the opening of trench network, makes each fuel electrode surface (5) be connected with hole (13) and hole (14).Oxidant by collecting pipe (19) through hole (15) enter the group overlapping piece in, its product through the hole (16) discharge by collecting pipe (20).Oxidant then is distributed to next on the oxidant electrode face of electrolyte sheet through the trench network to lower surface (9) of brace (2).As shown in Figure 3, a last adjacent electrochemical pond to lower surface similar trench network is also arranged, as the oxidant service duct of electrolyte sheet (1).The edge ridge contacts the sealing outer wall of formation group overlapping piece outside trench network on the brace (6) and (9) with electrolyte sheet (1).Ridge (7) is attached to by means of compressing on the electrode slice in the assembly and reaches current path, and this group overlapping piece is fitted in together by tension rail (not in the drawings) then.
Do not say self-evidently, the device relevant with the present invention can be used as fuel cell (electric organ) when fueling, then can be used as electrolytic cell (fuel synthesizer) when being provided with electric energy, and for example, this utensil can be applicable to all reversible reactions that relate to the oxygen exchange, such as:
Thin electrolyte sheet among the present invention can be made with the energetic plasma spraying technology.For example: will be suspended in through the Zirconium oxide powder that magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or stabilized with yttrium oxide are crossed in the working gas of nitrogen or argon earlier, then with this suspension system by the arc discharge device.The particle of oxide be subjected to discharging working gas heating and reach molten condition, be sprayed onto on the substrate surface consistent via nozzle with the electrolyte sheet configuration.The common power of arc discharge preferably flows with the plasma spray coating that produces high energy more than 50 kilowatts more than 30 kilowatts.
Another method for making is to become the electrolyte of piece to cut into electrolyte sheet, for example solid-oxide material (as the zirconia of doped yttrium oxide) is made the high density cylindrical block with sliding casting, form the cylindricality piece of dimensionally stable and internal stress free afterwards via slow sintering, become thin slice or film through the precision section again.Cut available interior circular cutter machine (as the interior round slice systems of producing) by Silicon Technology company.The cutter of stablizing owing to these machine institute tools can cut the thickness by 100 to 200 microns.The thin slice that is cut into can be milled to required thickness, again with making end product after the laser correction of the flank shape.
Also available other materials replaces solid-oxide and makes electrolyte sheet, and these materials comprise solid-state anion conductor and solid-state proton conductor.Other transmit the material of oxonium ion, and for example the fused carbonate with solid-state carrier also is available as electrolyte sheet.These materials are particularly suitables requiring the occasion than low operating temperature (as 500 ℃ to 800 ℃).
In the present invention, many kinds of electric conductors all can be used as the usefulness of brace.But these materials must meet following requirement:
(1), also has high strength except being electricity and the hot good conductor;
(2) antioxygen in operating temperature is strong;
(3) do not produce chemical action with fuel;
(4) it is cheap to make corrugated expense;
Material that be fit to make brace comprises nickel alloy, cobalt alloy, nichrome, nichrome, Aludirome, platinum alloy, is added ceramal, carborundum and the molybdenum disilicide etc. of refractory substances such as zirconia or aluminium oxide by above-mentioned metal.
Above-mentioned alloy sheet can be made the brace of the line shape of cooperation up and down with one or more groups concavo-convex mould that cooperatively interacts through punching press.Mould is that the product line shape according to design is made, and after the heat treatment sclerosis, can bear mass-produced repetition punching operation.Because the gas passage network is intricate geometric figure, brace preferably divides by punching press repeatedly to be made, and for example extrudes groove earlier, extrudes to allow gas mutual mobile breach, punching on brace more at last again.Be preferably between each punching press and anneal, can prevent that so sheet metal is subjected to excessive internal stress with proper temperature.How much complicated line shapes can be made with pressing, but still the material thickness unanimity can be kept.On the other hand, corrugated brace also can utilize the suitable mask of a combination on the sheet metal that had an even surface originally, made by galvanoplastic.When being material with carborundum, the then available substrate slice that is shaped in advance is with the vapour deposition manufactured, make brace with the bond powders sintering or with self mull technique.
Fig. 4 is more complete the demonstrating of system (10A).This system is formed by electrolyte sheet and brace intermeshing.Generally speaking, quite similar described in 4,490, No. 445 patent documents of the structure of converters and the U.S..System (10A) forms hair clip shape pendle (21) and becomes the firm converter bank zoarium (20) of structure with the U-shaped tube connector.Because with outer part joint all with on one side, gas is confluxed and circuit connects convenient.For the line of many parallel connections, utilize the circuit busbar to collect or transmit electric power.The design of this system (10A) is with high efficiency manipulation at high temperature (about 1000 ℃).Heat exchanger set overlapping piece (24) is at the electrochemical transducer group overlapping piece (21) of high temperature and the heat-conducting buffer device between the gas inlet pipe.Embodiment as shown heats in the mode of adverse current to the reacting gas that gas will inwardly flow into of generating of outflow, as the same described in 4,490, No. 445 patent documents of the U.S..(23) are busbar among Fig. 4, and (25) are air, and (26) are fuel, (27) air for using, and (28) fuel for using, (60) are the heat transfer medium inlet, (61) are heat transfer medium outlet.
Heat exchanger set overlapping piece (24) can and be the heat exchanger sheet of alternately arranging with dividing plate by multilayer and constitute.In heat exchanger, the passage of the gas of coming in and going out and the trench network of distributing gas, all very similar to the groove and the ridge of aforementioned electrochemical transducer.Similarly, the ridge of the dividing plate of heated exchanger heating can press continuous heat exchanger sheet and forming a gastight seal perimeter.
Shown in Figure 4 also is the entire combination of a column heat transfer assembly (30) and converter bank zoarium (20), and heat transfer assembly (30) has comprised single heat transfer element (31) (wherein having heat transfer medium to flow through) and the discharge (35) that heat transfer element (31) is connected together, and discharge can be linked radiator (not in the drawings) to play cooling effect; Or pass to thermal source (not in the drawings) to absorb heat, again heat is reached conversion group zoarium (20).
Fig. 5 is the cross section of Fig. 4 system (10A), shows the entire combination of heat transfer assembly (30) and transducer (20), and Fig. 5 illustrates the planar alignment of converters (21) (connecting with the U-shaped tube connector) and U-shaped heat transfer element (22).
Fig. 6 one is applied in electricity-Re and gives birth to the example of system.The heat of utilizing electrochemical transducer (10) to be produced in cool-bag (41) can produce the usefulness of steam for industry or resident family.In this configuration, fuel (42) flow to transducer (10) through heat exchanger, and air (43) also flow to transducer (10) through heat exchanger.By the electric power that transducer produced, after being tuned as alternating current, exports by current transformer.In this electricity-Re and the system of giving birth to, transducer produces at the electrochemical effect of 1000 ℃ of temperature with heating.The heat that it produced reaches heat transfer assembly (30) via radiation.Produce steam at the heat transfer assembly, and in boiler steam drum, compile.The unspent fuel of transducer can burn in cool-bag (41) again, and more water (47) is evaporated to water vapour.The water vapour that is produced is directly used in different processing operations industrial, or is used for resident family or commercial with heating installation and other similar application.Among Fig. 6, (10) are converting system, and (42) are fuel, (43) for replenishing air, (44) be current transformer, (46) are boiler steam drum, and (47) are water, (48) be steam, (41) be that cool-bag (62) is electric power output, (63) are exhaust, and (64) are air, (65) be fuel, (66) are the waste gas stove.
Fig. 7 shows a space flight electric power system (50), it comprises a thermal source (51) (can be a nuclear reactor or be a solar collector) and an electrochemical circulatory system, and this cyclic system is made up of as electrolytic cell and with a fuel cell (57) that can produce electric power transducer.Nuclear reactor (51) reaches transducer (10) via heat pipe (52) with heat.Fig. 7 also illustrates heat exchanger (54), pump (55), the accumulator tank (56) of preserving the reactant sensible heat and the radiator (58) of making the usefulness of fuel cell cooling.Among Fig. 7, (10) are the column entire combination of high-temperature electrolysis pond and heat pipe, and (51) are nuclear reactor, and (52) are heat pipe, and (54) are heat exchanger, and (55) are pump, and (56) are accumulator tank, and (57) are low-temperature fuel cell, and (58) are radiator.
Electrolytic cell (10) utilizes the heat and power of input with the working fluid electrolysis, and electrolysis product chemical combination once again in the lower fuel cell of temperature produces therein and is higher than the required voltage of electrolytic cell and exports.Consequently heat dissipation generates electricity.
In the system that space flight is used, hydrogen and oxygen are the most frequently used reactants, thus the decomposition of water and again chemical combination just be chosen as fundamental reaction in the electrochemical circulatory system.Oxygen and mixed hydrogen and steam as working media are passed to fuel cell by electrolytic cell via the pipeline that separates.After its reaction, the water vapour that contains sub-fraction hydrogen is sent electrolytic cell by fuel cell back to via single pipeline again.
Electrolytic cell shown in Figure 7 (10) is connected with thermal source, and for example: a nuclear reactor is taken heat out of by heat pipe (52) and done peripheral the integration from reactor core, or thermal source (51) is integrated with other heat transfer elements.In transducer (10), by column alternately arrange configuration, can keep uniform heat transfer via radiation.This kind entire combination can only not spread out of heat expeditiously, and can reduce the required space of whole system (50).
Solid oxide zirconium battery can be used as the usefulness in the high-temperature electrolysis pond of 1300 ° of K operations.Several different low-temperature fuel cells are arranged, can be as the low temperature parts in the electrochemical circulatory system.Molten carbonate fuel cell (900 ° of K) for example, alkaline high-temperature fuel cell (530 ° of K), phosphoric acid fuel cell (470 ° of K), and alkaline fuel cell (330 ° of K).Fig. 8 shows these the four kinds different electrochemical circulatory systems.For reaching concentration balance, when using molten carbonate fuel cell and phosphoric acid fuel cell, need water is condensed, so that respectively carbon dioxide separation is gone out or make replenishers and use in stable state.The efficient of this circulatory system is the restriction that is subjected to Carnot's cycle efficiency.Among Fig. 8, (67) are the zirconia electrolytic cell, and (68) are molten carbonate fuel cell, and (69) are the high-temperature alkaline fuel cell, and (70) are phosphoric acid fuel cell, and (71) are alkaline fuel cell, and (72) are for replenishing.
Result of calculation shows, with the nuclear energy and the electrochemical circulatory system that is combined into zirconia electrolytic cell and phosphoric acid fuel cell, be the advantage that has on the weight, it is general below 1/3 of nuclear energy heat and power system weight, it is more less that he plants the advantage of combination, is the 1/2-1/3 of former weight.But if consider the electrochemical circulatory system function of energy storage is arranged again, choose the size of thermal source and transducer rightly, more further weight reduction.
Claims (21)
1, a kind of electro-chemical systems, this system comprises:
An electrochemical transducer assembly, wherein have a plurality of column converters, each shaped element is made of one group of electrolyte sheet and one group of brace, electrolyte sheet simultaneously apply fuel electrode material, another side then applies the oxidant electrode material, the circuit that brace is supplied with electrolyte sheet the two poles of the earth connects, and the passage of distributing gas also is provided; Electrolyte sheet and brace alternately are overlapped into shaped element, and its periphery connects airtight into air tight assembly; In addition a heat transfer assembly with a plurality of heat transfer elements is arranged respectively, place between fit each shaped element of converter bank, and do not contact each converters, provide the efficient temperature adjustment and penetrate heat transfer by means of commentaries on classics.
2, in the described system of claim 1, the electrolyte sheet in the column converters is to make with Zirconia electrolytic.
3, in the described system of claim 1, the electrolyte sheet in the column converters is to form with the plasma spray coating deposit.
4, in the described system of claim 1, the electrolyte sheet in the column converters is by doing or the sliding casting of wet type, plasticizing band casting or formed by the solid-oxide section that becomes piece.
5, in the described system of claim 1, brace in the column converters is to be made by the good conductor of electronics, is a kind of in ceramal, carborundum and the molybdenum disilicide material that is selected from nickel alloy, cobalt alloy, nichrome, nichrome, Aludirome, molybdenum alloy, platinum alloy, above-mentioned metal.
6, in the described system of claim 1, this heat transfer element is made of interior fluid-filled pipeline, heat can be sent to another position by one of assembly position.
7, in the described system of claim 1, this heat transfer element and converters are done clocklike alternately to arrange to form an overall structure.
8, in the described system of claim 1, this heat transfer element is a heat pipe, and wick-like network path is arranged in the pipe, and wherein contained working media changes the thing phase at specific variable temperatures.
9, in the described system of claim 1, this heat transfer element is the pipeline of interior moisture vapor.
10, in the described system of claim 1, this heat transfer element is interior moisture pipeline.
11, in the described system of claim 1, this heat transfer element is the pipeline that includes gas.
12, a kind of electricity-Re and the system of giving birth to comprise:
A) electrochemical transducer assembly wherein has a plurality of column converters, and each shaped element is made of one group of electrolyte sheet and one group of brace; Electrolyte sheet simultaneously apply one deck fuel electrode material, and another side applies one deck oxidant electrode material; Brace provides the circuit between adjacent electrolyte sheet electrode to connect, also as the path of distributing gas; Electrolyte sheet and brace intermeshing become column, and connect airtight into air tight seal perimeter at the edge of sheet;
B) heat transfer assembly, a plurality of heat transfer elements of tool wherein, and be installed between the fit element of each converter bank; And do not contact each converters, provide the efficient temperature adjustment and penetrate heat transfer by means of commentaries on classics;
C) fuel inlet pipe can be delivered to fuel the converter bank zoarium, for the usefulness of electrification conversion;
D) one is compiled and the device of output power from the converter bank zoarium;
E) water vapour circulatory system in order to external world's supply heat energy, is conducted to less a kind of usefulness of operation; This circulatory system comprises and water or Low Temperature Steam can be inputed to the heat transfer assembly, then with the device of higher temperatures water vapour output.
13, in the described system of claim 12, the fuel that will not exhaust as yet in the converter bank zoarium further burning produces more water vapour.
14, a kind of electrochemical circulatory system wherein uses the compound that can dissociate to be working media, and this system is made of by this electrolytic cell provides the thermal source of heat energy and a fuel cell an electrolytic cell, one; Wherein electrolytic cell is decomposed into the each several part of molecule with this working media, and fuel cell is the each several part combination again of this equimolecular, and this electrolytic cell comprises following improvements:
A) electrochemical transducer assembly wherein has a plurality of column converters, and each shaped element is made of one group of electrolyte sheet and one group of brace; Electrolyte sheet simultaneously apply fuel electrode material, another side then applies the oxidant electrode material; Brace provides the circuit between adjacent electrolyte sheet electrode to connect, and the path of distributing gas also is provided; Electrolyte sheet and brace intermeshing become shaped element, and connect airtight in sheet edge, form air tight assembly;
B) a heat transfer assembly wherein has a plurality of heat transfer elements, wherein can heat energy be delivered to another part from the part of converter bank zoarium by heat transfer medium; Heat transfer element is installed between each column converters assembly, and does not contact each converters, the efficient temperature adjustment is provided and by means of radiant heat transfer heat energy is removed or is added.
15, in the described system of claim 14, wherein be to use H
2O is as working media; The each several part of its molecule is respectively H
2With O
2
16, in the described system of claim 14, wherein be to use CO
2As working media; The each several part of its molecule is respectively CO and O
2
17, in the described system of claim 14, has the device that replenishes one or more described working medias.
18, in the described system of claim 14, thermal source wherein is a nuclear reactor; The heat transfer assembly of described electrolytic cell then is connected with this nuclear reactor and heat is reached electrolytic cell.
19, in the described system of claim 14, thermal source wherein is a solar collector; The heat transfer assembly of described electrolytic cell then is connected with this solar collector, and heat is reached electrolytic cell.
20, in the described system of claim 1, first face of wherein said brace is that the fuel electrode with an electrolyte sheet joins, and another side then joins with the oxidant electrode of another electrolyte sheet, provides circuit to connect therefrom; Another function of this brace is separation and guides required various reacting gas to fuel electrode and oxidant electrode; The manufactured materials of this brace is: be selected from a kind of in the material of the ceramal of cobalt alloy, nichrome, nichrome, Aludirome, above-mentioned metal and molybdenum disilicide; The thickness of this alloy sheet is about 100 to 500 microns, if use molybdenum disilicide, then its thickness is about 50 to 300 microns; Make the ripple of protuberance at first face of this sheet, in order to isolate and to guide first kind of reacting gas; Make and first corresponding and complementary ripple at the another side of this sheet, in order to isolate and to guide second kind of reacting gas; In this sheet the duct is arranged, first kind of reacting gas can be directed to first of this sheet, and second kind of reacting gas be directed to the another side of this sheet.
21, in the described system of claim 1, the shaping of wherein said electrolyte sheet is that the solid-oxide material is cast block blank, after cutting into thin slice, is ground to suitable thickness again.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US142067 | 1988-01-11 | ||
| US07/142,067 US4853100A (en) | 1985-05-17 | 1988-01-11 | High performance electrochemical energy conversion systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1035741A CN1035741A (en) | 1989-09-20 |
| CN1022656C true CN1022656C (en) | 1993-11-03 |
Family
ID=22498431
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89100227A Expired - Fee Related CN1022656C (en) | 1988-01-11 | 1989-01-11 | High performance electrochemical energy conversion systems |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1022656C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109887629A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-06-14 | 武汉大学 | A kind of efficient nuclear energy power generation device |
| CN109860959A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉大学 | A kind of thermoelectricity pool device based on chemical reaction circulation |
| CN109801790A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-05-24 | 武汉大学 | A kind of high-efficiency solar power generator |
| CN109830729B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-28 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for supporting direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell by heat pipe |
-
1989
- 1989-01-11 CN CN89100227A patent/CN1022656C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1035741A (en) | 1989-09-20 |
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