CN102260213B - Method for preparing tolvaptan - Google Patents
Method for preparing tolvaptan Download PDFInfo
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- CN102260213B CN102260213B CN 201110145002 CN201110145002A CN102260213B CN 102260213 B CN102260213 B CN 102260213B CN 201110145002 CN201110145002 CN 201110145002 CN 201110145002 A CN201110145002 A CN 201110145002A CN 102260213 B CN102260213 B CN 102260213B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing tolvaptan. In the method, 7-chloro-1,2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzo-aza-5-one is taken as a raw material and is subjected to four steps, namely reduction, silylating agent protection, amino acylation and deprotection to form the target product of tolvaptan. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of novel design, high yield, low cost and the like; moreover, the method is safe and easy to implement and has industrial prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of medicine and chemical technology, specifically, relate to a kind of preparation method of tolvaptan.
Background technology
Tolvaptan is the non-peptide class of a kind of oral selectivity Novel arginine vassopressin V by the exploitation of Japan large tomb company
2Receptor antagonist.FDA approval listing in 2009 is used for the treatment of recycle system Q volume of blood normally or the hyponatremia (blood sodium＜125mg/L, perhaps symptom is slight) of Hypervolemia, comprises the patient of heart failure, liver cirrhosis and syndrome of inapropriate ADH.Its chemistry N-[4-[(7-chloro-2,3,4 by name, 5-tetrahydrochysene-5-hydroxyl-1H-1-benzo-aza
-1-yl) carbonyl]-the 3-aminomethyl phenyl]-the 2-methyl benzamide, as shown in structural formula 1:
Structural formula 1
At present, the preparation technology of tolvaptan has following several:
Kazumi Kondo etc. have reported a kind of preparation technology of tolvaptan at Bioorg Med Chem 1999 in 7:1743-1754, it is with 7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro benzo azepine
-5-ketone is starting raw material, through with 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride acidylate, nitroreduction, with 2-methyl benzoyl chloride acidylate, restore carbonyl and become hydroxyl to obtain target product.Route is as follows:
This route is with platinum dioxide catalytic reduction carbonyl high cost, and multistep relates to column chromatography purification, is unsuitable for suitability for industrialized production.In addition, due to starting raw material 7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro benzo azepine
-5-ketone price is relatively high, and itself and 2-methyl cheap and easy to get-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride condensation are prepared end product through the reactions of four step yields lower (30%～50%), causes the tolvaptan cost to increase.
Alejandro Cordero-Vargas etc. are at Bioorg Med Chem, 2006,14 (18): the synthetic method that discloses another kind of tolvaptan in 6165-6173, take 4-chloroacetophenone base xanthate as starting raw material, after elder generation and the addition of vinyl pivaloyl chloride, obtain 5-pivaloyl oxygen base-7-chloro-1,2 through cyclization, oximate, rearrangement, the reduction of two steps, 3,4-tetrahydro benzo azepine
Again through with 2-methyl-4-nitrobenzoyl chloride acidylate, reduction, obtain target product with 2-methyl benzoyl chloride acidylate, hydrolysis.Route is as follows:
This route starting raw material market supply is minimum, and technique is loaded down with trivial details, and the production cycle is long, and yield is low, is unsuitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Yasuhiro Torisawa etc. are at Bioorg Med Chem, and 2007,17 (23): reported the method for synthetic tolvaptan under palladium catalysis in 6455-6458, route is as follows:
This route raw material is easy to get, step is short, although yield can reach 75%, but the palladium and the triphenylphosphine that relate in reaction are difficult to remove, cause product to need column chromatography purification, and introduce carboxyl with carbon monoxide, although have feasibility in operation, but performance difficulty is not adopted in production usually.
Therefore, the novel process of the tolvaptan of a kind of real adaptation suitability for industrialized production of exploitation is of crucial importance.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of new preparation process of tolvaptan, have simple to operate, the advantage such as yield is high, product purity is high and cost is low, is a kind of industrialized production process that is suitable for.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new preparation process of tolvaptan.
In embodiment provided by the invention, the invention provides a kind of novel method for preparing tolvaptan, comprise the steps:
A): with 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone reduces with reductive agent, gets 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol;
B): with trimethyl silicone hydride protective material protection 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol gets intermediate compound I;
C): with 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid and R-C (O)-R ' reaction, get intermediate II, wherein, R-C (O)-R ' is acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides, be that R ' is chlorine or R-C (O)-O-, and R is selected from the tertiary butyl, trifluoromethyl, 4-trifluoromethyl benzenesulfonyl, oxyethyl group, isopropoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy; R in intermediate II is selected from the tertiary butyl, trifluoromethyl, 4-trifluoromethyl benzenesulfonyl, oxyethyl group, isopropoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy;
D): with step b the intermediate compound I that) obtains and step c) intermediate II that obtains reacts under alkaline condition, gets intermediate III, wherein, the definition of R such as step c in intermediate II);
E): with the intermediate III hydrolysis, get tolvaptan.
In one embodiment of the present invention, step b) intermediate compound I and the step c that obtain) intermediate II that obtains do not need purifying, is directly used in steps d).
In one embodiment of the present invention, steps d) intermediate III that obtains need not purifying, is directly used in step e).
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, step a) described reductive agent is selected from NaBH
4, KBH
4, LiBH
4Or LiAlH
4, reaction solvent is methyl alcohol.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, step b) described trimethyl silicone hydride protective material is selected from trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, N, two (TMS) ethanamides of O-or N, two (TMS)-2,2 of N-, the 2-trifluoroacetamide; Described trimethyl silicone hydride protective material and 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
The mol ratio of-5-alcohol is 1: 1～5, preferably, is 1: 1～2.5, and temperature of reaction is-10～0 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, step c) described R-C (O)-R ' is selected from isobutyryl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, Vinyl chloroformate, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, isobutyl chlorocarbonate, the special pentyl ester of chloroformic acid or 4-trifluoromethylbenzene sulphonic acid anhydride, most preferably, be selected from pivaloyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride; Temperature of reaction is-15～0 ℃, is preferably-10～-5 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, steps d) described alkaline condition refers at triethylamine, pyridine, N, N-diisopropylethylamine, sodium methylate, potassium ethylate, potassium tert.-butoxide or 1, under 8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0] 11 carbon-7-alkene exists, most preferably, react under triethylamine or sodium methylate existence condition.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, step e) to react under sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid existence condition, temperature of reaction is-5～0 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, step b), c) or steps d) reaction solvent be a kind of in acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, chloroform, DMF or the mixture of any two wherein.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of novel method for preparing tolvaptan, comprise the steps:
A): with 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone gets 7-chloro-2,3,4 through sodium borohydride reduction, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol;
B): with trimethylchlorosilane or hexamethyldisilazane protection 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol gets intermediate compound I;
C): under-10～-5 ℃ of conditions, with 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid and pivaloyl chloride or trifluoroacetic acid anhydride reactant, get intermediate II, in intermediate II, R is the tertiary butyl or trifluoromethyl here;
D): with step b) intermediate compound I of gained and step c) intermediate II of gained under triethylamine or sodium methylate catalysis, react to get intermediate III, here, in intermediate II, R is defined as the tertiary butyl or trifluoromethyl;
E): with intermediate III hydrolysis under hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid existence, get tolvaptan.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, step b) intermediate compound I and the step c that obtain) intermediate II that obtains need not purifying, is directly used in steps d).
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, steps d) intermediate III that obtains need not purifying, is directly used in step e).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: 1. yield is high: the preparation technology of tolvaptan provided by the invention, and with starting raw material 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone meter, yield can reach 78%, improves a lot than prior art; 2. product purity is high: after the silylating reagent protection, effectively avoided 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
The direct acidylate of-5-alcohol causes the generation of acylated hydroxy product, and the purity of gained tolvaptan finished product is more than 99.5%;
3. cost is low: starting raw material is after quantitative reduction, and each goes on foot intermediate and all need not purifying and can be directly used in the next step, makes the production cycle greatly shorten, production cost than commercially available product low～40%.
Embodiment
Specifically describe embodiment of the present invention by following examples, but the present invention is not limited by the following examples:
Embodiment 1:
Add 7-chloro-2,3,4 in the dry reaction bottle, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone (being provided by Jintan City dawn beautiful jade medical material company limited) 195g, methyl alcohol 1000ml.Stir molten clearly, add sodium borohydride 14g in 20 ℃, stirring reaction 30min, concentrating under reduced pressure is done.Add methylene dichloride 500ml, wash with water (2 * 200ml), anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, filtration, concentrated 7-chloro-2,3,4, the 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza of getting
-5-alcohol crude product 189.6g.Yield 96%, purity＞98% directly carries out next step.
1HNMR(CDCl
3，400MHz)：δ1.76-2.05(m，4H)，2.97-3.09(m，3H)，3.60(s，1H)，4.71-4.72(s，1H)，6.65-6.67(d，J＝8.0Hz，1H)，7.02-7.04(d，J＝8.0Hz，1H)，7.26-7.29(s，1H)。
Silicon etherificate: add 7-chloro-2,3,4 in the dry reaction bottle, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol 43g, methylene dichloride 200ml, potassium tert.-butoxide 25g.Stir and cool to-5 ℃, drip the dichloromethane solution 100ml of trimethylchlorosilane 46g, in 0 ℃ of stirring reaction 3 hours.Add washing (2 * 50ml).Rear drying, filtration, concentrating under reduced pressure get 7-chloro-1-(trimethyl silicon based)-5-(trimethylsiloxy group)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
Crude product 69.2g, yield 93% directly carries out next step.
The preparation of mixed anhydride: add 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid 65g in the dry reaction bottle, methylene dichloride 350ml, DMF 10ml, pyridine 1ml.Stir and be cooled to-10 ℃, dripping the dichloromethane solution 50ml of pivaloyl chloride 35.3g.In-10 ℃ of reactions 2 hours, obtain the dichloromethane solution of 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-tolyl acid trimethylacetic acid acid anhydride, low temperature (5 ℃) is preserved stand-by.
Linked reaction and deprotection: add 7-chloro-1-(trimethyl silicon based)-5-(trimethylsiloxy group)-2,3,4 in the dry reaction bottle, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
68.4g, methylene dichloride 50ml, triethylamine 30g.Stir and be cooled to-5 ℃, in dropping, resulting 4-of step (the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid trimethylacetic acid acid anhydride dichloromethane solution 400ml, dripped complete stirring reaction 4 hours.(2 * 200ml), rear anhydrous sodium sulfate drying filters, concentrated N-(4-(7-chloro-5-(trimethyl silicane alcoxyl base)-2,3,4, the 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-benzo-aza of obtaining to add washing
-1-carbonyl)-3-aminomethyl phenyl)-2-methyl benzamide crude product.Add the making beating of methyl alcohol 300ml heated and stirred, cooling room temperature is filtered.Oven dry obtains N-(4-(7-chloro-5-(trimethyl silicane alcoxyl base)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-benzo-aza
-1-carbonyl)-3-aminomethyl phenyl)-2-methyl benzamide solid 83.5g is directly used in the next step.
Add N-(4-(7-chloro-5-(trimethyl silicane alcoxyl base)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-benzo-aza in the dry reaction bottle
-1-carbonyl)-3-aminomethyl phenyl)-2-methyl benzamide solid 52.5g adds the hydrochloric acid 500ml of 0.2N under-5～0 ℃, is warming up to 40 ℃ and stirs 2 hours, filters, and obtains the tolvaptan crude product.Use methyl alcohol: the mixed solution recrystallization of water=4: 1 obtains tolvaptan 40g, yield 89%, purity 99.9%.mp：219.5-221.5℃(lit：220-221℃)。
1H?NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.35-3.20(4H，m)，2.36(6H，m)，4.46-5.04(2H，m)，5.55-5.78(1H，m)，6.55-7.85(10H，m)，10.12-10.45(1H，m)；MS(ES)m/z?448.2。
Condition determination and the method for tolvaptan are as follows:
Chromatographic condition and system suitability: be weighting agent with octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica, (the 0.03mol potassium primary phosphate is dissolved in 1000ml water with the 0.03Mol/L phosphate buffer salt, phosphoric acid adjust pH to 4.0)-acetonitrile (50: 50) is moving phase, the detection wavelength is 230nm, flow velocity is 1.0ml/min, and main peak and the peak-to-peak resolution of adjacent impurity meet the requirements.
Assay method: get approximately 25mg of this product, accurately weighed, put in the 50ml measuring bottle, add that acetonitrile 5ml is ultrasonic makes dissolving, make with the moving phase dilution solution that approximately contains 0.5mg in every 1ml, as need testing solution; Precision measures need testing solution 20 μ l, and the injection liquid chromatography records color atlas to 2.5 times of principal constituent peak retention time; Calculate main peak purity by area normalization method.
Embodiment 2:
Add 7-chloro-2,3,4 in the dry reaction bottle, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone 195g, methyl alcohol 1000ml.Stir molten clearly, add sodium borohydride 18g in 20 ℃, stirring reaction 30min, concentrating under reduced pressure is done.Add methylene dichloride 500ml, (2 * 200ml), anhydrous sodium sulfate drying filters, concentrates to get 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza in washing
-5-alcohol crude product 190.2g.Yield 96.3%, purity 98.6% is directly carried out next step.
Silicon etherificate: add 7-chloro-2,3,4 in the dry reaction bottle, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol 43g, methylene dichloride 200ml, potassium tert.-butoxide 25g.Stir and cool to-5 ℃, drip the dichloromethane solution 100ml of hexamethyldisilazane 32g, in 0 ℃ of stirring reaction 3 hours.Add washing (2 * 50ml).Rear drying, filtration, concentrating under reduced pressure get 7-chloro-1-(trimethyl silicon based)-5-(trimethylsiloxy group)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
Crude product 70g, yield 94% directly carries out next step.
The preparation of mixed anhydride: add 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid 65g in the dry reaction bottle, methylene dichloride 350ml, DMF 10ml, pyridine 1ml.Stir and be cooled to-10 ℃, dripping the dichloromethane solution 50ml of trifluoroacetic anhydride 35.3g.In-10 ℃ of reactions 2 hours, obtain the dichloromethane solution of 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-tolyl acid trifluoroacetic anhydride, low temperature (5 ℃) is preserved stand-by.
Linked reaction and deprotection: add 7-chloro-1-(trimethyl silicon based)-5-(trimethylsiloxy group)-2,3,4 in the dry reaction bottle, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
68.4g, methylene dichloride 50ml, triethylamine 30g.Stir and be cooled to-5 ℃, in dropping, resulting 4-of step (the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-tolyl acid trifluoroacetic anhydride dichloromethane solution 400ml, dripped complete stirring reaction 4 hours.(2 * 200ml), rear anhydrous sodium sulfate drying filters, concentrated N-(4-(7-chloro-5-(trimethyl silicane alcoxyl base)-2,3,4, the 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-benzo-aza of obtaining to add washing
-1-carbonyl)-3-aminomethyl phenyl)-2-methyl benzamide crude product.Add the making beating of methyl alcohol 300ml heated and stirred, cooling room temperature is filtered.Oven dry obtains N-(4-(7-chloro-5-(trimethyl silicane alcoxyl base)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-benzo-aza
-1-carbonyl)-3-tolyl)-2-methylbenzene acid amides solid 83.5g is directly used in the next step.
Add N-(4-(7-chloro-5-(trimethyl silicane alcoxyl base)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-benzo-aza in the dry reaction bottle
-1-carbonyl)-3-aminomethyl phenyl)-2-methyl benzamide solid 52.5g adds the hydrochloric acid 500ml of 0.2N under-5～0 ℃, is warming up to 40 ℃ and stirs 2 hours, filters, and obtains the tolvaptan crude product.Use methyl alcohol: the mixed solution recrystallization of water=4: 1 obtains tolvaptan 41g, yield 91.2%, purity 99.6%.(method for detecting purity and condition such as embodiment 1).
Claims (11)
1. a method for preparing tolvaptan, comprise the steps:
A): with 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone reduces with reductive agent, gets 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol;
B): with trimethyl silicone hydride protective material protection 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol gets intermediate I;
C): with 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid and R-C (O)-R ' reaction, get the intermediate II, wherein, R-C (O)-R ' is acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides, be that R ' is chlorine or R-C (O)-O-, and R is selected from the tertiary butyl, trifluoromethyl, oxyethyl group, isopropoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy; R in the intermediate II is selected from the tertiary butyl, trifluoromethyl, oxyethyl group, isopropoxy, isobutoxy, tert.-butoxy;
D): with step b the intermediate I that) obtains and step c) the intermediate II that obtains reacts under alkaline condition, gets the intermediate III, wherein, the definition of R such as step c in the intermediate II);
E): with the hydrolysis of intermediate III, get tolvaptan.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, step a) described reductive agent is selected from NaBH
4, KBH
4, LiBH
4Or LiAlH
4, reaction solvent is methyl alcohol.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, step b) described trimethyl silicone hydride protective material is selected from trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, N, two (TMS) ethanamides of O-or N, two (TMS)-2,2 of N-, the 2-trifluoroacetamide; Described trimethyl silicone hydride protective material and 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
The mol ratio of-5-alcohol is 1: 1～5, and temperature of reaction is-10～0 ℃.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, step b) described trimethyl silicone hydride protective material and 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
The mol ratio of-5-alcohol is 1: 1～2.5.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, step c) described R-C (O)-R ' is selected from pivaloyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, Vinyl chloroformate, isopropyl chlorocarbonate or isobutyl chlorocarbonate; Temperature of reaction is-15～0 ℃.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, step c) described R-C (O)-R ' is selected from pivaloyl chloride or trifluoroacetic anhydride; Temperature of reaction is-10～-5 ℃.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein, steps d) described alkaline condition refers to have lower reaction at triethylamine, pyridine, DIPEA, sodium methylate, potassium ethylate, potassium tert.-butoxide or 1,8-diaza-bicyclo [5.4.0], 11 carbon-7-alkene.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, steps d) described alkaline condition refers to react under triethylamine or sodium methylate existence condition.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, step e) to react under sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid existence condition, temperature of reaction is-5～0 ℃.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein, step b), c) or steps d) reaction carry out in organic solvent, described organic solvent is a kind of in acetonitrile, methylene dichloride, chloroform, DMF or the mixture of any two wherein.
11. a method for preparing tolvaptan comprises the steps:
A): with 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-ketone gets 7-chloro-2,3,4 through sodium borohydride reduction, 5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol;
B): with trimethylchlorosilane or hexamethyldisilazane protection 7-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrochysene-1H-1-benzo-aza
-5-alcohol gets intermediate I;
C): under-10～-5 ℃ of conditions, with 4-(the 2-toluyl is amino)-2-methyl-phenylformic acid and pivaloyl chloride or trifluoroacetic acid anhydride reactant, get the intermediate II, in the intermediate II, R is the tertiary butyl or trifluoromethyl here;
D): with step b) intermediate I of gained and step c) the intermediate II of gained under triethylamine or sodium methylate catalysis, react to get the intermediate III;
E): with the hydrolysis under hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid existence of intermediate III, get tolvaptan
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| CN110274966B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-01-18 | 常州市阳光药业有限公司 | Method for determining related substances in tolvaptan bulk drug by high performance liquid chromatography |
| CN113277980B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-09-02 | 南京海纳医药科技股份有限公司 | Tolvaptan impurity and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101687805A (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-03-31 | 大塚制药株式会社 | Benzazepine derivatives useful as vasopressin antagonists |
| CN102060769A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-18 | 天津药物研究院 | Preparation method of tolvaptan |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101687805A (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2010-03-31 | 大塚制药株式会社 | Benzazepine derivatives useful as vasopressin antagonists |
| CN102060769A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-05-18 | 天津药物研究院 | Preparation method of tolvaptan |
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| Title |
|---|
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| Alejandro Cordero-Vargas,et al.."A flexible approach for the preparation of substituted benzazepines: Application to the synthesis of tolvaptan".《Bioorganic & * |
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