CN102258432A - pH buffering bioactive glass, preparation thereof and application thereof - Google Patents
pH buffering bioactive glass, preparation thereof and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102258432A CN102258432A CN2010101885485A CN201010188548A CN102258432A CN 102258432 A CN102258432 A CN 102258432A CN 2010101885485 A CN2010101885485 A CN 2010101885485A CN 201010188548 A CN201010188548 A CN 201010188548A CN 102258432 A CN102258432 A CN 102258432A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pH buffering bioactive glass, a preparation thereof and an application thereof. The pH buffering bioactive glass comprises SiO2, CaO, Na2O, P2O5 and B2O3. The pH buffering bioactive glass also comprises solid acidic granules, or the bioactive glass also comprises 75% to 95% of glycerin, polyethylene glycol and resin. With the pH buffering bioactive glass provided by the invention, local pH proliferating (for example, a pH value reaches 12) caused by surface reactions of pure bioactive glass granules, which are SiO2, CaO, Na2O, P2O5 and B2O3, can be buffered. Therefore, irritating pains of a patient occurred during a treatment process can be reduced and eliminated, such that a treatment effect can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pH buffer activity glass and its production and use.
Background technology
Bioactivity glass is clinically as oral cavity bone renovating material, orthopaedics the bone impairment renovation material applicating history in existing more than 15 year in worldwide.One of bioactivity glass characteristic is when bioactive glass particle contacts with liquid phase, and the accelerated surface reaction takes place, and its result is: 1, ion discharges; 2, calcium, phosphorus plasma deposition generate support shape hydroxyapatite layer, i.e. a bone mineralising phase on the bioactive glass particle surface.Recently new studies show that, the characteristic of inducing the bone mineralising to form mutually of bioactivity glass can be induced the overglaze formation of new tooth on dental surface, thereby reach the position that is corroded of sealing dentinal tubule, remedying tooth, reach desensitization and prevent the effect of tooth (list of references 1) in solitude.New research shows that simultaneously bioactivity glass has stronger bactericidal action in liquid environment, particularly oral cavity bacterium is had bactericidal action (list of references 2).
" bioactive glass compositions and the Therapeutic Method that uses bioactivity glass " (patent No. 97193085) (list of references 3) and " bioactive glass treatment gingivitis, dental hemorrhage and the effect of removing the odontoseisis symptom " (patent No. CN 1562075) (list of references 4) report that all bioactivity glass is by 40～60%SiO
2, 10～30%CaO, 10～35%Na
2O, 2～8%P
2O
5, 0～10%B
2O
3, 0～8%K
2O, 0～5%MgO make through high-temperature fusion, bioactivity glass can induce the bone mineralising to form mutually, can on dental surface, induce the overglaze formation of new tooth, thereby reach the position that is corroded of sealing dentinal tubule, remedying tooth, reach desensitization and prevent the effect of tooth in solitude.Bioactivity glass can promote the damaged healing of growth, the bone of osseous tissue can promote the growth of soft tissue to heal again, and the surface activity of bioactivity glass can promote the generation of somatomedin, procreation, the activating cell gene expression (list of references 5,6) of promotion cell.Like this, bioactivity glass has therapeutical effect to common dental such as gingivitis, dental hemorrhage and odontoseisiss.
But clinical practice has shown that a lot of patients feel stimulation pain in the direct applied zone of bioactivity glass, even interrupts or be difficult to treat.This is to react and cause that local pH surge (reaching 12) causes because accelerated surface takes place when contact with liquid bioactive glass particle.Reduce pH, alleviate the stimulation pain of tooth and gingiva, need new bioactivity glass to form.
List of references 1: " OCCLUSION OF DENTIN TUBULES BY 45S5
" LITKOWSKI, HACK, SHEAFFER ANDGREENSPAN, BIOCERAMICS Vol.10,411-414,1997
List of references 2:P.Stoor, E.
And J.I.Salonen, " Antibacterial effects of a bioactive glass paste on oralmicroorganisms, " AGTA Odontol.Scand.56,161-165,1998
List of references 3: " bioactive glass compositions and the Therapeutic Method that uses bioactivity glass ", China Patent No. 97193085
List of references 4: " bioactive glass treatment gingivitis, dental hemorrhage and the effect of removing the odontoseisis symptom " China Patent No. CN 1562075
List of references 5:I.D.Xynos, A.J.Edgar, L.D.K.Buttery, L.L.Hench, J.M.Polak, " Gene-expression profiling of humanosteoblasts following treatment with the ionic products ofBioglass 45S 5dissolution, " J.Biomed.Mater.Res., 55:151-157,2001
List of references 6:L.L.Hench, I.D.Xynos, A.J.Edgar, L.D.K.Buttery, J.M.Polak, Zhong Jipin, Liu Xuanyong, Chang Jiang, " glass of activated gene, " Journal of Inorganic Materials, the 17th volume, the 5th phase, 897-909,2002
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above and a kind of pH buffer activity glass is provided, this pH buffer activity glass can cushion pure bioactive glass (SiO
2, CaO, Na
2O, P
2O
5, B
2O
3) particle surface reaction causes that local pH increases sharply (for example, reaching 12), thereby eliminate and the stimulation pain when alleviating patient treatment, reach therapeutic effect.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
1) a kind of pH buffer activity glass, described pH buffer activity glass comprises following composition A or following composition B:
Form A:
SiO
2-40～60％；CaO-10～30％；
Na
2O-10～30％；P
2O
5-2～8％；
B
2O
3-0～10%; Solid acid granule-0.5～5.0%;
Form B:
SiO
2-3～20％；CaO-0.5～2.5％；
Na
2O-0.5～2.5％；P
2O
5-0.1～0.5％；
B
2O
3-0～0.1%; Glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin-75～95%;
Wherein, the content ratio of described glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin is: 75 (± 5): 24.5 (± 1.5): 0.5 (± 0.1).
2), it is characterized in that described solid acid granule is for being selected from solid citric acid granule (C according to the 1st described pH buffer activity glass
6H
8O
7) and titania based solid acid particles (SO
4 2-/ TiO
2) at least a.
3), it is characterized in that described resin is for being selected from carbomer (C according to the 1st described pH buffer activity glass
3H
4O
2) and epoxy resin is at least a.
4) according to each described pH buffer activity glass of 1-3, it is characterized in that the content ratio of described glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin is: 75: 24.5: 0.5.
5), it is characterized in that described composition A is a powder according to the 4th described pH buffer activity glass.
6), it is characterized in that described composition B is a unguentum according to the 4th described pH buffer activity glass.
7) according to the 5th described pH buffer activity glass, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that described pH buffer activity glass is less than 20 μ m.
PH buffer activity glass of the present invention can cushion pure bioactive glass (SiO
2, CaO, Na
2O, P
2O
5, B
2O
3) particle surface reaction causes that local pH increases sharply (reaching 12), thereby eliminate and the stimulation pain when alleviating patient treatment, reach therapeutic effect.Simultaneously, it is stable in depositing and transporting that these form the packing back, can keep biological activity and keep therapeutic effect.
The invention still further relates to a kind of preparation method of the pH of preparation buffer activity glass, it may further comprise the steps:
1) with the SiO of described proportioning
2, CaO, Na
2O, P
2O
5, B
2O
3High-temperature fusion forms bioactivity glass;
2) with the bioactivity glass of above-mentioned acquisition solid acid granule (forming A) with described proportioning, or glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin (forming B) come uniform mixing and described pH buffer activity glass.
The invention still further relates to the purposes of a kind of pH buffer activity glass at the medicine of preparation control gingivitis, dental hemorrhage, dentin hypersensitiveness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of the technique effect (comparing the influence that composition A and B change pH with matched group) of pH buffer activity glass among the demonstration embodiment 1.
The specific embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail hereinafter with reference to embodiment, dated especially as not having, content ratio among the application or percentage composition are all in mass.
The mechanism of action that bioactivity glass can be treated gingivitis, dental hemorrhage and dentin hypersensitiveness's symptom derives from its biological activity.At first be the sodium ion (Na in the bioactive glass particle
+) with mouthful liquid in hydrion (H
+) ion-exchange reactions takes place, cause the bioactive glass particle surface to generate a Si-rich phase (Si-OH), Si-rich phase will attract calcium (Ga
2+) and phosphorus (PO
4-) ion or ionic group stockpile the generation hydroxyapatite layer bioactive glass surface and dental surface, i.e. the mineralising phase of tooth, sealing dentinal tubule reaches the effect of tooth desensitization; A large amount of sodium ion from bioactive glass particle, discharge and mouthful liquid in the hydrion exchange enter and cause in the bioactive glass particle that local pH increases, thereby can reach the effect of sterilization and treatment gingivitis and dental hemorrhage.Therefore, local pH can be up to 12 moment.
The present invention relates to a kind of pH buffer activity glass, described pH buffer activity glass comprises SiO
2, CaO, Na
2O, P
2O
5, B
2O
3And the formation bioactivity glass, on this basis, the present invention also comprises solid acid granule (forming A) in addition.Be that bioactive glass particle is directly used at present.But clinical practice has shown that a lot of patients feel to stimulate in the zone of coating and moment is acute painful, even interruption or be difficult to treat.This is because accelerated surface taking place when contact with liquid as bioactive glass particle as described in the preceding mechanism reacts, and causes that local pH surge (reaching 12) causes.In forming A, the introducing of a spot of solid acid particulate component can provide and replenish hydrion (H in mouthful liquid
+) lose, the partial pH of energy efficient buffer is poly-like this increases, with control moment pH 9.5 below with elimination with alleviate patient's stimulation pain, simultaneously the solid acid granule provide the supplemental hydrogen ion can accelerate enduringly again with bioactivity glass in the ion-exchange reactions of sodium ion, like this, the particulate introducing of solid acid does not only reduce the biological activity of bioactivity glass, partial pH is poly-to be increased cushioning, can also promote the biological activity reaction when alleviating patient's stimulation pain, guarantee therapeutic effect.
Wherein, in above-mentioned pH buffer activity glass, described solid acid granule can be the solid acid granule that has no side effect commonly used, because this composition is applied to the oral cavity, therefore is preferably solid citric acid granule (C
6H
8O
7) or titania based solid acid particles (SO
4 2-/ TiO
2), most preferably be the solid citric acid granule.In addition, form A and be preferably powder form.The patient requires speed fast and effective when treat stomatological hospital and clinic.The micron particle specific surface area is big, and response speed is fast, can not can on the affected part makes the patient feel stimulation pain and the fast and effective therapeutic effect of acquisition speed as directly being coated in less than 20 μ m in micron bioactive glass particle powder.In the case, may form the suitable professional oral cavity doctor of A uses to patient treatment.In use, preferably with described bioactivity glass less than 20 μ m granule powder with directly be coated on the affected part less than the solid acid granulometric composition A of 20 μ m.
In addition, pH buffer activity glass of the present invention can also comprise from 75% to 95% glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin (forming B) in addition on the basis of bioactivity glass.And, in the process of reaction, reach therapeutical effect because fast reaction can take place for bioactivity glass and aqueous solution.But make with the form of aqueous solution as fruit product, when storing behind production and transporting, bioactive glass particle can be given birth to reaction with waterishlogging, will lose therapeutic effect after the reaction.Form B and mix with bioactive glass particle, can keep the biological activity and the therapeutic effect of bioactivity glass with water-free glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin.Simultaneously, macromolecule polyethylene glycol and resin can be adsorbed on biological active granulated surface, although these macromolecules can dissolve away the disengaging particle surface very soon in water, also just in this tens second the buffer granule in aqueous solution as surface reaction as described in the preceding mechanism, increase thereby buffer pH is poly-, can not feel in the time of can making patient treatment that moment is acute painful.
Wherein, in above-mentioned pH buffer activity glass, described resin can be the resin that has no side effect commonly used, because this composition is applied to the oral cavity, can be preferably carbomer (C
3H
4O
2) or epoxy resin, most preferably be carbomer.The content ratio of described glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin is preferably: 75: 24.5: 0.5.Described composition B is preferably the unguentum form, and this is that the unguentum teeth brushing way that the bioactivity glass micron particle is prepared into uses to best and convenient because the patient is carried out steadiness and family therapy.
Above-mentioned pH buffer activity glass has the treatment to oral disease such as gingivitis, dental hemorrhage and dentin hypersensitiveness etc., and, can not stimulate dental tissue to cause having a toothache bitterly.The specialty doctor has powder that the patient is carried out the fast treatment of curative effect, and the patient has the stable long-term steadiness family therapy of unguentum use carrying out.
Embodiment
Preparation embodiment
With the first five component high-temperature fusion of content shown in the following table 1, glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and the resin of content come uniform mixing and obtain pH buffer activity glass of the present invention shown in the solid acid granule of content shown in the reuse following table 1 or the following table 2.
Table 1
| Constituent content | Preparation example 1 | Preparation example 2 | Preparation example 3 | Preparation example 4 | Preparation example 5 | Preparation example 6 |
| SiO 2 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| CaO | 30 | 20 | 10 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
| Na 2O | 20 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 10 |
| P 2O 5 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 8 |
| B 2O 3 | 0 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 5 |
| The solid citric acid granule | 5 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0 | 2.0 | 0 |
| Titania based |
0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Table 2
| Constituent content | Preparation example 7 | Preparation example 8 | Preparation example 9 | Preparation example 10 | Preparation example 11 | Preparation example 12 |
| SiO 2 | 3 | 11 | 20 | 3 | 11 | 20 |
| CaO | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
| Na 2O | 0.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 1.5 |
| P 2O 5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| B 2O 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.05 |
| Glycerol | 64 | 76 | 52.5 | 64 | 76 | 52.5 |
| Polyethylene Glycol | 17.25 | 21 | 24.7 | 17.25 | 21 | 24.7 |
| Carbomer | 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 |
| Epoxy |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.3 |
The experiment of effect example 1-pH buffering
Matched group: bioactivity glass (45%SiO
2, 24.5%CaO
2, 24.5%Na
2O, 6%P
2O
5) (＜20 microns): 100%
Forming A forms: bioactivity glass 95%, 5% citric acid granule (specifically consists of: 42.75%SiO
2, 23.28%CaO, 23.27%Na
2O, 5.70%P
2O
5, 5.00% citric acid granule)
Forming B forms: bioactivity glass 7.5%, glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and carbomer 92.5% (glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and carbomer ratio are 75: 24.5: 0.5) (specifically consist of: 3.38%SiO
2, 1.84%CaO, 1.83%Na
2O, 0.45%P
2O
5, 69.38% glycerol, 22.66% Polyethylene Glycol, 0.46% carbomer)
Take by weighing each 0.77g of weight of three groups respectively, put into the little plastic containers that fill the 2ml deionized water respectively, stirred for 5 seconds, then, after 10 seconds, measure its pH respectively with the pH instrument.Following table 3 and accompanying drawing 1 have shown the effect that the pH buffer activity glass of the matched group of above composition, the pH buffer activity glass of forming A and composition B produces in the experiment of pH buffering.
Table 3
| Matched group | Form A | Form B | |
| Amount of samples (g) | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.77 |
| Water consumption (ml) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| PH (after 15 seconds) | 12.02 | 9.22 | 8.6 |
Effect example 2
* * the do clinical research contrast experiment of anti-gingival hemorrhage with commodity toothpaste on composition B unguentum among the embodiment one and use one market, experimental group (forming the B unguentum) 47 people, matched group (commodity toothpaste) 48 people, 34.5 years old mean age, standard deviation: experimental group 8.8 years old, matched group 10.1 years old.
Table 4 is listed all experimenters that finish test (95 people) after gingival hemorrhage is estimated, mean that the gingival hemorrhage index is kept the score and standard deviation (SD).Experimental group and matched group gingival hemorrhage index there was no significant difference before the experiment.The gingival hemorrhage index standard of keeping the score is: the 0=gingiva is not hemorrhage; The 1=petechial hemorrhage; The 2=streak-like hemorrhage; The 3=lamellar is hemorrhage; The 4=hematostaxis, or mobile hemorrhage.After six weeks, test group gingival hemorrhage index obviously reduces.After six weeks, test group gingival hemorrhage index is reduced to 58.8%, and matched group gingival hemorrhage index is less than 14%.The concrete contrast situation that gingival hemorrhage index (standard deviation) is kept the score sees the following form 4.
Table 4
Effect example 3
* * have dentin hypersensitiveness symptom, air-breathing or when eating cold drink tooth can feel pain.Brushed teeth two days with the composition B unguentum of depositing among the embodiment one after 2 years, sooner or later each once, each more than 1 minute after, allergic symptom alleviates greatly.
* * have dental hemorrhage symptom is brushed teeth or local tooth can be hemorrhage when flipping.Brush teeth three days times with the composition B unguentum of depositing among the embodiment one after 2 years, sooner or later each once, each more than 1 minute after, hemorrhage disappearance.
Claims (9)
1. pH buffer activity glass, described pH buffer activity glass comprises following composition A or following composition B:
Form A:
SiO
2-40～60％；CaO-10～30％；
Na
2O-10～30％；P
2O
5-2～8％；
B
2O
3-0～10%; Solid acid granule-0.5～5.0%;
Form B:
SiO
2-3～20％；CaO-0.5～2.5％；
Na
2O-0.5～2.5％；P
2O
5-0.1～0.5％；
B
2O
3-0～0.1%; Glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin-75～95%;
Wherein, the content ratio of described glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin is: 75 (± 5): 24.5 (± 1.5): 0.5 (± 0.1).
2. pH buffer activity glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that described solid acid granule is be selected from solid citric acid granule and titania based solid acid particles at least a.
3. pH buffer activity glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that described resin is be selected from carbomer and epoxy resin at least a.
4. according to each described pH buffer activity glass of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the content ratio of described glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin is: 75: 24.5: 0.5.
5. pH buffer activity glass according to claim 4 is characterized in that described composition A is a powder.
6. pH buffer activity glass according to claim 4 is characterized in that described composition B is a unguentum.
7. pH buffer activity glass according to claim 5, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that described pH buffer activity glass is less than 20 μ m.
8. preparation method for preparing according to each described pH buffer activity glass of claim 1-7, it may further comprise the steps:
1) with the SiO of described proportioning
2, CaO, Na
2O, P
2O
5, B
2O
3High-temperature fusion forms bioactivity glass;
2) with the bioactivity glass of above-mentioned acquisition solid acid granule (forming A) with described proportioning, or glycerol, Polyethylene Glycol and resin (forming B) come uniform mixing and described pH buffer activity glass.
9. one kind according to the purposes of each described pH buffer activity glass of claim 1-7 at the medicine of preparation control gingivitis, dental hemorrhage, dentin hypersensitiveness.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101885485A CN102258432B (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2010-05-31 | pH buffering bioactive glass, preparation thereof and application thereof |
| HK12101512.3A HK1161083A1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2012-02-16 | Ph buffered bioactive glass and its preparation method and its use for prevention and cure oral disease ph |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101885485A CN102258432B (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2010-05-31 | pH buffering bioactive glass, preparation thereof and application thereof |
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| CN102258432B CN102258432B (en) | 2012-11-21 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013041030A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | 常州倍尔生生物科技有限公司 | Bioactive ph buffer glass and preparation process and use thereof |
| CN104116644A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-29 | 林峰辉 | Desensitizing toothpaste |
| CN108852855A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-23 | 成都爱睿康乐医疗器械有限公司 | Biomimetic mineralization repairs desensitizer |
| CN109422458A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-03-05 | 徐阳波 | A kind of bioactivity glass and its application method in betel nut product |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1562075A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-01-12 | 武汉利百生科技有限公司 | Use of biological active glass to treat gingivits, cyttarrhagia and odontoseisis syndrom |
| CN1753840A (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2006-03-29 | 肖特股份公司 | Antimicrobial active borosilicate glass |
| CN1771208A (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2006-05-10 | 圣卡洛斯联邦大学 | Process and compositions for preparing particulate, bioactive or resorbable biosilicates for use in the treatment of oral ailments |
| CN101259277A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-09-10 | 同济大学 | Novel orthopaedics medicaments carrier system and preparation thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-05-31 CN CN2010101885485A patent/CN102258432B/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-02-16 HK HK12101512.3A patent/HK1161083A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1771208A (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2006-05-10 | 圣卡洛斯联邦大学 | Process and compositions for preparing particulate, bioactive or resorbable biosilicates for use in the treatment of oral ailments |
| CN1753840A (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2006-03-29 | 肖特股份公司 | Antimicrobial active borosilicate glass |
| CN1562075A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-01-12 | 武汉利百生科技有限公司 | Use of biological active glass to treat gingivits, cyttarrhagia and odontoseisis syndrom |
| CN101259277A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-09-10 | 同济大学 | Novel orthopaedics medicaments carrier system and preparation thereof |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013041030A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | 常州倍尔生生物科技有限公司 | Bioactive ph buffer glass and preparation process and use thereof |
| CN103006700A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-03 | 常州倍尔生生物科技有限公司 | PH buffering bioactive glass, and preparation method and application thereof |
| EP2759288A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-07-30 | Changzhou Bio-sheng Technology Co., Ltd. | Bioactive ph buffer glass and preparation process and use thereof |
| EP2759288A4 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2015-04-15 | Changzhou Bio Sheng Technology Co Ltd | Bioactive ph buffer glass and preparation process and use thereof |
| US9669054B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2017-06-06 | Changzhou Bio-Sheng Technology Co., Ltd | pH buffered bioactive glass, and its preparation process and use |
| CN104116644A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-10-29 | 林峰辉 | Desensitizing toothpaste |
| CN109422458A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-03-05 | 徐阳波 | A kind of bioactivity glass and its application method in betel nut product |
| CN108852855A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-23 | 成都爱睿康乐医疗器械有限公司 | Biomimetic mineralization repairs desensitizer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102258432B (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| HK1161083A1 (en) | 2012-08-24 |
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