CN102254985B - Hydro-thermal synthesis method for copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydro-thermal synthesis method for a copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, belonging to the field of preparation of inorganic nano materials. The method comprises the following steps of: dissolving a zinc salt, a tin salt and a cupric salt into a solvent in the molar ratio (0.5-6):(0.3-1):(0.5-2), adding a sulfur-containing compound of which the mole number is 1-4 times of the total mole number of the metal salts and 0-1 millimole of surfactant and reacting at 150-220 DEG C for 5-48 hours; and centrifuging and drying to obtain copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder. In the method, tetragonal-phase copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder and orthogonal-phase copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder are synthesized respectively with a hydro-thermal method and an ethylene diamine-assisted hydro-thermal method; and the method is easy to operate, has high repeatability and low cost, and is easy for realizing mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, belong to field of inorganic nano-material preparation.
Background technology
Along with society and economic development, people replace existing non-renewable energy resources in the urgent need to seeking a kind of cleaning and reproducible new forms of energy, to alleviate day by day serious energy crisis.Solar energy, but as a kind of infinite regeneration and the abundant clean energy resource of reserves, caused people's extensive concern.How further to develop solar energy and become current study hotspot.The photovoltaic technology that can convert solar energy into electrical energy is one of important means that does not solve energy problem.Transformation efficiency is high, stable performance, cheap solar cell are the targets that the scientific worker pursues.
The emphasis of current solar cell research is the exploration of photovoltaic device material.The requirements such as a new generation's solar cell material should meet that environmental friendliness, reserves are abundant, band gap and sunlight coupling.In numerous semi-conducting materials, the desired best energy gap of the energy gap of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur and semiconductor solar cell (1.5eV) is very approaching, in addition, the absorption coefficient of this material is larger, contained element reserves on earth are all very abundant, and do not contain hypertoxic composition, be one of optimal candidate material of environmentally friendly solar cell device.
Through prior art and literature search are found, mainly contain the methods such as atomic beam sputter, magnetron sputtering, spray pyrolysis when preparation copper-zinc-tin-sulfur material.Above these methods are had relatively high expectations to the instrument and equipment that uses, and sulfuration process is complicated, and process conditions are comparatively harsh.Chinese patent CN101844797A (201010174921.1) discloses a kind of method that Hydrothermal Synthesis prepares solar absorption layer material copper-zinc-tin-sulfur, comprise the steps: step 1, get mol ratio and be cupric salt, divalent zinc, the stannous salt of 2: 1: 1, add ethylene glycol wiring solution-forming A; Step 2 is got slaine total mole number 1-5 vulcanized sodium doubly, adds ethylene glycol wiring solution-forming B; Step 3 adds solution B in A, is transferred in autoclave, and heating separates, and obtains the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur nanosphere.The method has selected organic reagent ethylene glycol as solvent, and the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur of preparation contains other phases except Emission in Cubic.Xiaotang Lu etc. are at the 3141st~3143 page of " Wurtzite Cu that delivers of " Chemical Communications " (chemical communication) the 47th phase o. 11th in 2011
2ZnSnS
4Nanocrystals:a novel quaternary semiconductor " (copper-zinc-tin-sulfur of Wurtzite structure is nanocrystalline: the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur nano material of a kind of novel quaternary semiconductor compound) having announced a kind of Wurtzite structure. and the method is used high boiling organic solvent and protective agent in preparation process; easy carbonization when heat treatment; easily form the complex centre, can limit to a certain extent the transformation efficiency of prepared solar cell.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.The powder that has synthesized respectively the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material of Tetragonal, quadrature phase by hydro-thermal, ethylenediamine assisting alcohol-hydrothermal method.Synthetic method environmental protection of the present invention, cost is low, and reaction condition is gentle, is suitable for large-scale production.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, step is as follows:
1) zinc salt, pink salt, mantoquita are pressed (0.5~6): (0.3~1): the mol ratio of (0.5~2) is dissolved in solvent, add again slaine total mole number 1-4 sulfur-containing compound doubly, slaine total mole number 0-0.5 surfactant doubly, ultrasonic or magnetic agitation mixes it, and getting concentration is the 0.05-0.2mol/L precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, and reaction is 5-48 hour under 150-220 ℃ of condition.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is at ambient temperature with ethanol washing 3-6 time and centrifugation.Namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material after product drying after separation.
Step 1) described in " concentration be the 0.05-0.2mol/L precursor solution, mol wherein refers to the total mole number of slaine.
Preferably, a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, step is as follows:
1) zinc salt, pink salt, mantoquita are pressed (1~4): (0.3~1): the mol ratio of (0.6~2) is dissolved in solvent, add again slaine total mole number 1-4 sulfur-containing compound doubly, slaine total mole number 0-0.5 surfactant doubly, ultrasonic or magnetic agitation mixes it, and getting concentration is the 0.1mol/L precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, and reaction is 10-48 hour under 180-220 ℃ of condition.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is at ambient temperature with ethanol washing 3-6 time and centrifugation.Namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material after product drying after separation.
Step 1) described in " concentration be the 0.1mol/L precursor solution, mol wherein refers to the total mole number of slaine.
Step 1) described mantoquita is a kind of in copper chloride, copper nitrate, Schweinfurt green, copper sulphate, stannous chloride, cuprous sulfate, cuprous nitrate.
Step 1) described pink salt is a kind of in stannous chloride, stannous sulfate, in stannic chloride.
Step 1) described zinc salt is a kind of in zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, trbasic zinc phosphate.
Step 1) described sulfur-containing compound is a kind of in thiocarbamide, vulcanized sodium, potassium sulfide, cupferron, thioacetamide.
Step 1) described surfactant is a kind of in softex kw, hexadecyldimethyl benzyl ammonium ammonium chloride, OTAC, DDAO, brocide, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex.
Step 1) described solvent is a kind of in water, water and the ethylenediamine mixed solvent of 1: 1 by volume~10: 1.
Further preferred, a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, step is as follows:
1) take respectively 0.5 mM of zinc chloride, 0.5 mM of stannous chloride, 1 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml waters, magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 200 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 10 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 4 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Another kind of preferred version is as follows:
1) taking respectively 0.5 mM of zinc chloride, 0.5 mM of stannous chloride, 1 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml volumes ratios is the water of 1: 1 and the mixed solvent of ethylenediamine, ultrasonic it is mixed, and gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 180 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 24 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 4 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Another kind of preferred version is as follows:
1) take respectively 1 mM of zinc chloride, 0.33 mM of stannous chloride, 0.67 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 0.26 gram softex kw, 20 ml waters, magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 220 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 16 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 6 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material
The phase of product adopts Bruker D8X-x ray diffractometer x with Cu-K alpha ray (wavelength X=1.54178 by X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) test
) for diffraction light sources, product is made X light diffracting analysis.
The present invention has synthesized the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material according to the homogeneous nucleation principle by hydro thermal method.In water, add or do not add surfactant, what obtain is all the powder of the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material of Emission in Cubic; In the mixed solvent of water and ethylenediamine, what obtain is the powder of the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material of quadrature phase.
The present invention does not introduce the organic solvent of the long-chain such as oleyl amine when preparation copper-zinc-tin-sulfur powder body material, do not need purifying can obtain the split material, and is simple to operate, good reproducibility, and cost is low, is easy to realize large-scale production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder of embodiment 1 preparation;
Fig. 2 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder of embodiment 2 preparations;
Fig. 3 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder of embodiment 3 preparations.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited to this.
The embodiment of the present invention is raw materials used is commercial analysis net product, is not further purified before use.
The phase of the copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material powder of embodiment of the present invention preparation adopts Bruker D8X-x ray diffractometer x with Cu-K alpha ray (wavelength X=1.54178 by X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) test
) for diffraction light sources, product is made X light diffracting analysis.
Embodiment 1: a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) take respectively 0.5 mM of zinc chloride, 0.5 mM of stannous chloride, 1 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml waters, magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 200 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 10 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 4 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Embodiment 2: a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) taking respectively 0.5 mM of zinc chloride, 0.5 mM of stannous chloride, 1 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml volumes ratios is the water of 1: 1 and the mixed solvent of ethylenediamine, and magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 180 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 24 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 4 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Embodiment 3: a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) take respectively 1 mM of zinc chloride, 0.33 mM of stannous chloride, 0.67 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 0.26 gram softex kw, 20 ml waters, magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 220 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 16 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 6 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Embodiment 4: a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) take respectively 1.4 mMs of zinc chloride, 0.2 mM of stannous chloride, 0.4 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml waters, magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 180 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 16 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 5 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Embodiment 5: a kind of hydrothermal synthesis method of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) take respectively 1 mM of zinc chloride, 0.33 mM of stannous chloride, 0.67 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml waters, magnetic agitation mixes it, gets precursor solution.
2) with step 1) the precursor solution of gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 200 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 16 hours.React and naturally cool to room temperature after complete.Products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 6 times at ambient temperature.After product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
Embodiment 6: as described in Example 1, difference is to replace thiocarbamide with vulcanized sodium.
Embodiment 7: as described in Example 1, difference is to replace copper chloride with cuprous nitrate, and stannic chloride replaces stannous chloride.
Embodiment 8: as described in Example 1, difference is that copper nitrate replaces copper chloride.
Embodiment 9: as described in Example 1, difference is to replace zinc chloride with zinc nitrate.
Embodiment 10: as described in Example 1, difference is to replace zinc chloride with zinc acetate.
Embodiment 11: as described in Example 1, difference is to replace zinc chloride with zinc sulfate.
Embodiment 12: as described in Example 2, difference is to be that the water of 4: 3 and the mixed solvent of ethylenediamine replace water with volume ratio.
Embodiment 13: as described in Example 2, difference is to be that the water of 2: 1 and the mixed solvent of ethylenediamine replace water with volume ratio.
Embodiment 14: as described in Example 2, difference is to be that the water of 4: 1 and the mixed solvent of ethylenediamine replace water with volume ratio.
Embodiment 15: as described in Example 3, difference is that lauryl sodium sulfate replaces softex kw.
Embodiment 16: as described in Example 3, difference is that neopelex replaces softex kw.
Claims (4)
1. the hydrothermal synthesis method of a copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material, step is as follows:
1) zinc salt, pink salt, mantoquita are pressed (0.5~6): (0.3~1): the mol ratio of (0.5~2) is dissolved in solvent, add again slaine total mole number 1-4 sulfur-containing compound doubly, slaine total mole number 0-0.5 surfactant doubly, ultrasonic or magnetic agitation mixes it, and getting concentration is the 0.05-0.2mol/L precursor solution; Described solvent is water and the ethylenediamine mixed solvent of 1:1~10:1 by volume;
2) precursor solution with the step 1) gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, reaction is 5-48 hour under 150-220 ℃ of condition, react and naturally cool to room temperature after complete, products therefrom namely obtains the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material at ambient temperature with ethanol washing 3-6 time and centrifugation after the product drying after separation.
2. the hydrothermal synthesis method of a kind of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material as claimed in claim 1, step is as follows:
1) zinc salt, pink salt, mantoquita are pressed (1~4): (0.3~1): the mol ratio of (0.6~2) is dissolved in solvent, add again slaine total mole number 1-4 sulfur-containing compound doubly, slaine total mole number 0-0.5 surfactant doubly, ultrasonic or magnetic agitation mixes it, and getting concentration is the 0.1mol/L precursor solution; Described solvent is water and the ethylenediamine mixed solvent of 1:1~10:1 by volume;
2) precursor solution with the step 1) gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, reaction is 10-48 hour under 180-220 ℃ of condition, react and naturally cool to room temperature after complete, products therefrom namely obtains the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material at ambient temperature with ethanol washing 3-6 time and centrifugation after the product drying after separation.
3. the hydrothermal synthesis method of a kind of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the described mantoquita of step 1) is a kind of in copper chloride, copper nitrate, Schweinfurt green, copper sulphate, stannous chloride, cuprous sulfate, cuprous nitrate; The described pink salt of step 1) is a kind of in stannous chloride, stannous sulfate, in stannic chloride; The described zinc salt of step 1) is a kind of in zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, trbasic zinc phosphate; Step 2) described sulfur-containing compound is a kind of in thiocarbamide, vulcanized sodium, potassium sulfide, cupferron, thioacetamide; Step 2) described surfactant is a kind of in softex kw, hexadecyldimethyl benzyl ammonium ammonium chloride, OTAC, DDAO, brocide, lauryl sodium sulfate, neopelex.
4. the hydrothermal synthesis method of a kind of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
1) take respectively 0.5 mM of zinc chloride, 0.5 mM of stannous chloride, 1 mM of copper chloride, 4 mMs of thiocarbamides, 20 ml volumes than the mixed solvent for the water of 1:1 and ethylenediamine, ultrasonic it is mixed, get precursor solution;
2) precursor solution with the step 1) gained is transferred in the stainless steel cauldron that liner is polytetrafluoroethylene, 180 ℃ of lower isothermal reactions 24 hours, react and naturally cool to room temperature after complete, products therefrom is used centrifugation after absolute ethanol washing 4 times at ambient temperature, after product drying after separation, namely obtain the powder of copper-zinc-tin-sulfur photoelectric material.
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