CN102253247B - Flexibly-expanded general experiment platform for modular multi-level current converter - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
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Abstract
本发明为一种可灵活扩展的模块化多电平换流器的通用实验平台，该平台包括对称设置的换流侧I和换流侧II；所述换流侧I包括依次相连的开关柜、调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器和换流器柜；所述换流侧II包括依次相连的开关柜、调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器和换流器柜；所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II通过导线相连。本发明为应用模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统/静止无功补偿装置提供理论研究和工程模拟所需的实验平台，满足不同规模和不同电平数工程模拟试验的需要，且不增加设备，只增加串联子模块数，更改控制系统基准值即可完成实验平台的升压扩容，具有扩展性强的特点，节省了设备的占地面积和投资。
The present invention is a flexible and expandable universal experimental platform for modularized multilevel converters. The platform includes symmetrically arranged commutation side I and commutation side II; the commutation side I includes switch cabinets connected in sequence , a voltage regulator, a transformer, a simulated reactor and a converter cabinet; the commutation side II includes a switch cabinet, a voltage regulator, a transformer, a simulated reactor and a converter cabinet connected in sequence; the commutated side I It is connected with the commutation side II through wires. The present invention provides an experimental platform required for theoretical research and engineering simulation for a flexible direct current transmission system/static var compensation device using a modular multilevel converter, and satisfies the needs of engineering simulation tests of different scales and different levels, and Without adding equipment, only increasing the number of sub-modules in series and changing the reference value of the control system can complete the boosting and expansion of the experimental platform. It has the characteristics of strong scalability and saves the equipment's footprint and investment.
Description
技术领域： Technical field:
本发明涉及电力电子领域，具体涉及一种可灵活扩展的模块化多电平换流器的通用实验平台。The invention relates to the field of power electronics, in particular to a flexible and expandable universal experimental platform for modularized multilevel converters.
背景技术： Background technique:
模块化多电平换流器是最近几年兴起的一种崭新的适用于高压柔性直流输电技术领域的换流器，它的出现打破了原有的两电平拓扑独占柔性直流市场的局面，增加了柔性直流应用的可选方案。The modular multi-level converter is a brand-new converter suitable for the field of high-voltage flexible DC transmission technology that has emerged in recent years. Its appearance has broken the situation that the original two-level topology monopolizes the flexible DC market. Added options for flexible DC applications.
模块化多电平的每一个桥臂均有相同数量的子模块与桥臂电抗串联而成，通过控制子模块的投入和退出，使输出地电压逼近正弦交流电压，从而形成稳定的工作点，同时，通过同一相单元上下桥臂投入电容的互补，形成稳定的直流电压，这样就实现了系统的稳定运行。Each bridge arm of the modular multi-level has the same number of sub-modules connected in series with the bridge arm reactance. By controlling the input and exit of the sub-modules, the output ground voltage is close to the sinusoidal AC voltage, thus forming a stable operating point. At the same time, through the complementary input capacitors of the upper and lower bridge arms of the same phase unit, a stable DC voltage is formed, thus realizing the stable operation of the system.
一个模块化多电平换流器由三个相单元并联组成，每一个相单元均分为上下两个桥臂；桥臂的一侧连接于交流输出端，另一侧连接于直流输出端；每个桥臂由相同数量的子模块与桥臂电抗串联而成，桥臂电抗可以集中连接在换流阀与交流输出端之间，也可以与子模块分散串联。子模块的结构由简单的半桥结构与电容并联而成，或者说由一个双向可开通的电力电子开关与另一个相同的电力电子开关与电容的串联体并联组成。所有的子模块串联结构称为阀。A modular multilevel converter is composed of three phase units connected in parallel, and each phase unit is divided into two upper and lower bridge arms; one side of the bridge arm is connected to the AC output terminal, and the other side is connected to the DC output terminal; Each bridge arm is composed of the same number of sub-modules connected in series with the bridge-arm reactance, and the bridge-arm reactance can be centrally connected between the converter valve and the AC output end, or can be distributed and connected in series with the sub-modules. The structure of the sub-module is composed of a simple half-bridge structure and a capacitor connected in parallel, or a two-way openable power electronic switch is connected in parallel with another identical power electronic switch and capacitor in series. All sub-modules connected in series are called valves.
这种模块化多电平换流器既可以应用在中低压的静止同步补偿装置中，也可以应用在高压的静止同步补偿装置和柔性直流输电系统中，随着开关器件的升级和直流电缆技术的进步，将来还有可能应用于超高压甚至特高压的柔性直流输电领域。This modular multilevel converter can be applied not only in low-voltage static synchronous compensation devices, but also in high-voltage static synchronous compensation devices and flexible DC transmission systems. With the upgrading of switching devices and DC cable technology In the future, it may be applied to the field of flexible direct current transmission of ultra-high voltage or even ultra-high voltage.
新技术的出现迫切需要大量的实验研究，而柔性直流输电广阔的应用领域决定了实际工程的多样化，输电系统(含静止同步补偿装置)从中小容量到高压大容量都有实际的市场需求。因此定电压定容量的模块化多电平换流器实验平台不能满足所有应用场合的理论和实验研究，具有一定的局限性。The emergence of new technologies urgently requires a lot of experimental research, and the broad application fields of flexible DC transmission determine the diversification of actual projects. Transmission systems (including static synchronous compensation devices) have actual market demand from small and medium capacity to high voltage and large capacity. Therefore, the modular multilevel converter experimental platform with constant voltage and constant capacity cannot meet the theoretical and experimental research in all applications, and has certain limitations.
在针对模块化多电平换流器的实验研究中，很多研究人员研制了模块化多电平换流器的样机，如德国慕尼黑联邦国防大学研制的2MW/17电平样机(Power Flectronics SpecialistsConference，2004，2572～2576)；德国Dresden大学研制的6kV/6MVA样机(35th AnnualConference of IEEE on Industrial Flectronics，2009，225～230)；清华大学研制的650V/20kVA样机(刘钟淇.基于模块化多电平变流器的轻型直流输电系统研究[D].北京：清华大学，2010.)。以上样机的共同特点是仅能模拟模块化多电平换流器，不能模拟直流输电系统，更不能进行灵活的升级，针对不同的工程获得合理的模拟比例，而且对于高校等科研院所而言，针对每个应用领域都搭建一个实验平台是不现实也不经济的。In the experimental research on modular multilevel converters, many researchers have developed prototypes of modular multilevel converters, such as the 2MW/17-level prototype developed by the Federal Defense University in Munich, Germany (Power Flectronics SpecialistsConference, 2004, 2572～2576); the 6kV/6MVA prototype developed by Dresden University in Germany (35th Annual Conference of IEEE on Industrial Electronics, 2009, 225～230); the 650V/20kVA prototype developed by Tsinghua University (Liu Zhongqi. Research on Light-duty DC Transmission System of Converter [D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2010.). The common feature of the above prototypes is that they can only simulate modular multilevel converters, but cannot simulate DC transmission systems, let alone perform flexible upgrades. Reasonable simulation ratios can be obtained for different projects, and for scientific research institutes such as universities , it is unrealistic and economical to build an experimental platform for each application field.
发明内容： Invention content:
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种可灵活扩展的模块化多电平换流器的通用实验平台，既可以满足不同规模和不同电平数工程模拟试验的需要，又可以节省科研投入。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a general experimental platform for modular multilevel converters that can be flexibly expanded, which can meet the needs of engineering simulation tests of different scales and different levels, and can Save research investment.
本发明提供的一种可灵活扩展的模块化多电平换流器的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述平台包括对称设置的换流侧I和换流侧II；The present invention provides a flexible and expandable universal experimental platform for modular multilevel converters, the improvement of which is that the platform includes symmetrically arranged commutation side I and commutation side II;
所述换流侧I包括依次相连的开关柜、调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器和换流器柜；The commutation side I includes switch cabinets, voltage regulators, transformers, analog reactors and converter cabinets connected in sequence;
所述换流侧II包括依次相连的开关柜、调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器和换流器柜；The converter side II includes a switch cabinet, a voltage regulator, a transformer, an analog reactor and a converter cabinet connected in sequence;
所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II通过导线相连。The commutation side I and the commutation side II are connected by wires.
本发明提供的第一优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述开关柜均包括依次相连的快速开关I、熔断器和合闸电阻。The general experiment platform of the first preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that the switch cabinets on the commutation side I and the commutation side II all include sequentially connected fast switches I, fuses and closing resistance.
本发明提供的第二优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述换流器柜分别与控制柜连接。The improvement of the general experiment platform of the second preferred solution provided by the present invention is that the converter cabinets of the converter side I and the converter side II are respectively connected to a control cabinet.
本发明提供的第三优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述调压器和所述变压器之间均设有交流系统等值电抗和公共连接点；The general experiment platform of the third preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that an AC system is provided between the voltage regulator and the transformer on the commutation side I and the commutation side II Value reactance and common connection point;
所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述公共连接点之间设有等值交流线路；Equivalent AC lines are provided between the common connection points of the commutation side I and the commutation side II;
所述换流侧II的所述公共连接点连接有阻感负载。The common connection point of the commutation side II is connected with a resistive load.
本发明提供的第四优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述模拟电抗器和所述换流器柜之间均设置交流进线开关；在所述交流进线开关和所述换流器柜桥臂上设置熔断器。The general experiment platform of the fourth preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that an AC Incoming line switch; a fuse is provided on the AC incoming line switch and the bridge arm of the converter cabinet.
本发明提供的第五优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述换流器柜为抽屉式，所述换流器的子模块可抽拉。The general experiment platform of the fifth preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that the converter cabinet is a drawer type, and the sub-modules of the converter can be drawn.
本发明提供的第六优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述模拟电抗器为可变电抗器。The general experiment platform of the sixth preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that the simulated reactor is a varactor.
本发明提供的第七优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述开关柜底部安装滚轮；The general experimental platform of the seventh preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that rollers are installed at the bottom of the switch cabinet;
所述调压器、所述变压器、所述模拟电抗器和所述换流器柜顶部设分别安装有吊环。Lifting rings are installed on the top of the voltage regulator, the transformer, the analog reactor and the converter cabinet respectively.
本发明提供的较优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述开关柜包括快速开关II，所述快速开关II与所述合闸电阻并联。The general experiment platform of the preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that the switch cabinet includes a fast switch II, and the fast switch II is connected in parallel with the closing resistor.
本发明提供的另一优选方案的通用实验平台，其改进之处在于，所述控制柜包括VBC阀控模块、电流解耦控制模块、无功功率控制模块、有功功率控制模块、交流电压控制模块和直流电压控制模块；The general experiment platform of another preferred solution provided by the present invention is improved in that the control cabinet includes a VBC valve control module, a current decoupling control module, a reactive power control module, an active power control module, and an AC voltage control module and DC voltage control module;
所述换流器、所述VBC阀控模块和所述电流解耦控制模块依次连接；所述电流解耦控制模块再分别与所述无功功率控制模块、所述有功功率控制模块、所述交流电压控制模块和所述直流电压控制模块相连。The converter, the VBC valve control module and the current decoupling control module are sequentially connected; the current decoupling control module is respectively connected to the reactive power control module, the active power control module, the The AC voltage control module is connected to the DC voltage control module.
与现有技术比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明为应用模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统/静止无功补偿装置提供理论研究和工程模拟所需的实验平台；The invention provides an experimental platform required for theoretical research and engineering simulation for a flexible direct current transmission system/static var compensation device using a modular multilevel converter;
本发明满足不同规模和不同电平数工程模拟试验的需要；The invention meets the needs of engineering simulation tests of different scales and levels;
本发明不增加设备，只增加串联子模块数，更改控制系统基准值即可完成实验平台的升压扩容，且主要设备均可拆卸和可移动。The invention does not increase equipment, only increases the number of sub-modules connected in series, and can complete the step-up and expansion of the experimental platform by changing the reference value of the control system, and the main equipment can be disassembled and moved.
本发明的实验平台可扩展性强，节省了设备的占地面积和投资。The experimental platform of the invention has strong expandability, and saves the occupied area and investment of the equipment.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的模块化多电平换流器结构图；Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a modular multilevel converter provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明提供的通用实验平台布局图；Fig. 2 is the general experiment platform layout diagram provided by the present invention;
图3为本发明提供的通用实验平台结构图；Fig. 3 is the general experiment platform structural diagram provided by the present invention;
图4为本发明提供的模块化多电平换流器的低压样机控制系统结构图。Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the low-voltage prototype control system of the modular multilevel converter provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是模块化多电平换流器结构图。一个模块化多电平换流器由三相六桥臂组成，每一个相单元均分为上下两个桥臂；桥臂的一侧连接于交流输出端，另一侧连接于直流输出端；每个桥臂由相同数量的子模块与桥臂电抗串联而成，桥臂电抗可以集中连接在换流阀与交流输出端之间，也可以与子模块分散串联。本实施例的换流侧I和换流侧II的模拟电抗器和换流器柜之间均设置交流进线开关；在交流进线开关和换流器柜桥臂上设置熔断器。换流器柜换流器柜为抽屉式，每个子模块均可抽拉；增加电平数只需直接增加级联的子模块数，不需更换子模块组件。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a modular multilevel converter. A modular multilevel converter is composed of three-phase six bridge arms, and each phase unit is divided into upper and lower bridge arms; one side of the bridge arm is connected to the AC output terminal, and the other side is connected to the DC output terminal; Each bridge arm is composed of the same number of sub-modules connected in series with the bridge-arm reactance, and the bridge-arm reactance can be centrally connected between the converter valve and the AC output end, or can be distributed and connected in series with the sub-modules. In this embodiment, an AC incoming switch is provided between the analog reactors of the commutation side I and II and the converter cabinet; a fuse is provided on the AC incoming switch and the bridge arm of the converter cabinet. Converter cabinet The converter cabinet is a drawer type, and each sub-module can be pulled out; to increase the number of levels, it is only necessary to directly increase the number of cascaded sub-modules without replacing sub-module components.
本实施例的通用实验平台布局图如图2所示，包括对称设置的换流侧I和换流侧II；The general experimental platform layout diagram of this embodiment is shown in Figure 2, including commutation side I and commutation side II arranged symmetrically;
换流侧I包括依次相连的开关柜、调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器和换流器柜；The commutation side I includes switch cabinets, voltage regulators, transformers, analog reactors and converter cabinets connected in sequence;
换流侧II包括依次相连的开关柜、调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器和换流器柜；The commutation side II includes switch cabinets, voltage regulators, transformers, analog reactors and converter cabinets connected in sequence;
换流侧I和所述换流侧II通过导线相连。其中，模拟电抗器为可变电抗器。The commutation side I and the commutation side II are connected by wires. Among them, the simulated reactor is a variable reactor.
在此之上，其具体的结构图如图3所示。On top of this, its specific structure diagram is shown in Figure 3.
换流侧I和换流侧II的开关柜均包括依次相连的快速开关I、熔断器、合闸电阻。开关柜还包括快速开关II，所述快速开关II与所述合闸电阻并联，且开关柜底部安装滚轮，调压器、变压器、模拟电抗器、负载柜和换流器柜顶部设安装吊环。Both the switch cabinets on the commutation side I and the commutation side II include fast switches I, fuses and closing resistors connected in sequence. The switch cabinet also includes a quick switch II, which is connected in parallel with the closing resistor, and rollers are installed at the bottom of the switch cabinet, and lifting rings are installed on the top of the voltage regulator, transformer, analog reactor, load cabinet and converter cabinet.
换流侧I和换流侧II的换流器柜均连接控制柜。控制柜包括VBC阀控模块、电流解耦控制模块、无功功率控制模块、有功功率控制模块、交流电压控制模块、直流电压控制模块；换流器连接VBC阀控模块和电流解耦控制模块；电流解耦控制模块再分别与无功功率控制模块、有功功率控制模块、交流电压控制模块和直流电压控制模块相连。The converter cabinets of the converter side I and the converter side II are connected to the control cabinet. The control cabinet includes a VBC valve control module, a current decoupling control module, a reactive power control module, an active power control module, an AC voltage control module, and a DC voltage control module; the converter is connected to the VBC valve control module and the current decoupling control module; The current decoupling control module is connected with the reactive power control module, the active power control module, the AC voltage control module and the DC voltage control module respectively.
所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述调压器和所述变压器之间均设有交流系统等值电抗和公共连接点；An AC system equivalent reactance and a common connection point are provided between the voltage regulators and the transformers on the converter side I and the converter side II;
所述换流侧I和所述换流侧II的所述公共连接点之间设有等值交流线路；Equivalent AC lines are provided between the common connection points of the commutation side I and the commutation side II;
所述换流侧II的所述公共连接点连接有阻感负载。阻感负载是本试验装置之外连接的负载。The common connection point of the commutation side II is connected with a resistive load. Resistive-inductive loads are loads connected outside the test apparatus.
图4是模块化多电平换流器的低压样机控制系统结构图。Fig. 4 is a structural diagram of the control system of the low-voltage prototype of the modular multilevel converter.
换流侧I和换流侧II的换流器柜均连接控制柜。控制柜包括VBC阀控模块、电流解耦控制模块、无功功率控制模块、有功功率控制模块、交流电压控制模块和直流电压控制模块；换流器依次与VBC阀控模块和电流解耦控制模块连接；电流解耦控制模块再分别与无功功率控制模块、有功功率控制模块、交流电压控制模块和直流电压控制模块相连。The converter cabinets of the converter side I and the converter side II are connected to the control cabinet. The control cabinet includes VBC valve control module, current decoupling control module, reactive power control module, active power control module, AC voltage control module and DC voltage control module; the converter is connected with VBC valve control module and current decoupling control module in turn connection; the current decoupling control module is connected with the reactive power control module, the active power control module, the AC voltage control module and the DC voltage control module respectively.
在调压器和变压器之间设置无功功率传感器、有功功率传感器和电压表。用户可以选择有功功率控制、无功功率控制、直流电压控制和交流电压控制。以无功功率控制和直流电压控制为例：无功功率传感器将无功功率检测值信号与设定值进行求和后通过无功功率控制，改变内环电流q轴分量；电压表将换流器输出的直流电压与设定值进行求和后经过直流电压控制，改变内环电流d轴分量；输出的iq和id经过内环电流解耦控制得到交流的解耦电压，送给VBC阀控模块，VBC阀控模块再将信号传到换流器，对换流器进行控制。A reactive power sensor, an active power sensor and a voltmeter are arranged between the voltage regulator and the transformer. Users can choose between active power control, reactive power control, DC voltage control and AC voltage control. Take reactive power control and DC voltage control as an example: the reactive power sensor sums the reactive power detection value signal and the set value, and then through reactive power control, the q-axis component of the inner loop current is changed; the voltmeter will commutate the current The DC voltage output by the device is summed with the set value and then controlled by the DC voltage to change the d-axis component of the inner loop current; the output iq and id are decoupled by the inner loop current decoupling control to obtain the AC decoupling voltage, which is sent to the VBC valve control Module, the VBC valve control module then transmits the signal to the inverter to control the inverter.
如果增加换流器电平数时，变压器变比不变，调压器输出电压增大，输出电流不变，当输出电压达到430V时，系统直流电压达到上限，换流器电平数也达到上限。然后依照上述操作方法，得到不同电压等级下的实验系统结果。If the level number of the converter is increased, the transformation ratio of the transformer remains unchanged, the output voltage of the voltage regulator increases, and the output current remains unchanged. When the output voltage reaches 430V, the DC voltage of the system reaches the upper limit, and the level number of the converter also reaches upper limit. Then according to the above operation method, the experimental system results under different voltage levels are obtained.
最后应该说明的是：结合上述实施例仅说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制。所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解到：本领域技术人员可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，但这些修改或变更均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之中。Finally, it should be noted that: the combination of the above embodiments only illustrates the technical solution of the present invention rather than limiting it. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: those skilled in the art can make modifications or equivalent replacements to the specific embodiments of the present invention, but these modifications or changes are all within the protection scope of the pending claims.
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