CN102253149A - Method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in fire on-site combustion improver - Google Patents
Method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in fire on-site combustion improver Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102253149A CN102253149A CN2011101143422A CN201110114342A CN102253149A CN 102253149 A CN102253149 A CN 102253149A CN 2011101143422 A CN2011101143422 A CN 2011101143422A CN 201110114342 A CN201110114342 A CN 201110114342A CN 102253149 A CN102253149 A CN 102253149A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- sulfide
- fire
- mass spectrometer
- gas chromatograph
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Abstract
The invention provides a method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in a fire on-site combustion improver and solves the problem that serious influence of various fire on-site hydrocarbon analogues on an expert conclusion of the combustion improver. The method comprises the following steps of: extracting fire on-site combustion residue material to be tested, performing solid-phase microextraction, analyzing by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and judging an analysis result. The fire on-site combustion improver is identified; a detector is analyzed by fully using special sulfide markers retained in a petroleum product and adopting a special sulfide instrument, namely a pulse-type flame luminosity detector method is used for identification and analysis and combined with a gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) method for analyzing hydrocarbos and aromatic-hydrocarbons, so that a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-pulse type flame luminosity detector synchronous analysis method is constructed; therefore, the type of the combustion improver is easy to identify, the reproducibility is high and the data is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fiery case scene serial hydrocarbon in used gasoline, kerosene, the combustion promoter for diesel oil of setting fire, the authentication method that comprises straight chain hydrocarbon, arene and serial thiophene-type sulfide Synchronization Analysis, belong to trace material evidence physico-chemical analysis combustion adjuvant authenticate technology forensic science field, be mainly used in the set fire Analysis and Identification of case combustion adjuvant combustion residue species of scene of a crime.
Background technology
At present, mainly be to the traditional analysis means of the on-the-spot combustion adjuvant of fiery case: vapor-phase chromatography (Gas chromatography, GC); Combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry, LC/MS) etc.But because they can only (comprise straight chain hydrocarbon to the hydrocarbon in the petroleum product, arene, olefines etc.) analyze, therefore, usually be subjected to fire field environment material macromolecular material thermal decomposition product: straight chain hydrocarbon, arene, the interference of alkenes compounds etc. and be difficult to draw clear and definite conclusion.
Therefore, researching and developing a kind of new method that gasoline, kerosene, the on-the-spot residue of combustion promoter for diesel oil are effectively checked, has been the task of top priority of China's forensic science field development.
Contain a large amount of sulfide in the oil, these sulfide tend to the application of petroleum product is produced serious harm.Therefore all to handle in the petroleum product process, guarantee the quality of petroleum product through sulfur removal technology.But also can more residual sulfide in commercially available gasoline, kerosene, the diesel oil, be mainly thiophenes.
Petrochemical industry at home at present, Yang Haiying and Yang Yongtan etc. are in " application of gas chromatography in petrochemical complex ", " the gas chromatographic technique progress in the domestic petrochemical industry analysis ", " the method research of gas chromatography-sulfur chemistry luminous detection that sulfur compound distributes in the catalytic cracking gasoline ", report to some extent in treatises such as " gas chromatography-atomic emission spectrum coupling technique and the application in petroleum analysis thereof " or the paper, relate to the aspect research work such as improvement that content mainly comprises monitoring of finished product oils sulfidic material amount and sulfur removal technology.
External relevant work, 1986, Bradley has reported that " Determination of sulfur compound distribution in petroleum by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector " measures distribution of sulphide scope work in the petroleum products, and later Quimby has reported that " Fast analysis of oxygen and sulfur compounds in gasoline by GC-AED " and Stumpf have reported that " Detailed analysis of sulfur compounds in gasoline range petroleum products with high-resolution gas chromatography-atomic emission detection using group-selective chemical treatment " adopts gas chromatography-atomic emission spectrum coupling technique that the sulfide in the gasoline is analyzed respectively.
But use the analysis report of the synchronous determination and analysis method of SPME-GC/MS/PFPD, yet there are no report both at home and abroad serial hydrocarbon and sulfide in the petroleum product.The method that SPME-GC/MS/PFPD measures serial hydrocarbon and sulfide in the on-the-spot combustion adjuvant of fiery case is synchronously used in the forensic science field, there is no relevant report both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is problem at the prior art existence, provide a kind of to hydrocarbon and sulphides burn residue synchronized analyzing method in the on-the-spot combustion adjuvant of fiery case, these sulfide in the realization combustion adjuvant are in fiery case scene, seldom be interfered and influence, can make full use of special sulfide label residual in the petroleum product, adopt the exclusive instrumental analysis detecting device of sulfide: pulsed flame photometric detector (FPD) method is come discriminatory analysis, and simultaneously in conjunction with the GC/MS method to hydro carbons, arene is analyzed, make up gas chromatography-mass spectrum-pulsed flame photometric detector (FPD) synchronized analyzing method, be easy to differentiate the combustion adjuvant kind, and effectively solution is subjected to chaff interference to disturb a difficult problem that is difficult to clear and definite conclusion.
The present invention relates generally to the on-the-spot used gasoline of fiery case, kerosene, combustion promoter for diesel oil implement the to set fire kind of back combustion adjuvant combustion residue and identifies that its technical scheme is as follows:
At first the sample that fiery case scene is extracted is put into the head space sampling instrument and is carried out solid-phase microextraction.Then the component that is extracted into being carried out pyrolysis on gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analyses, component mixture separates in gas chromatographic column, and it is terminal by a synchronized splitter device in chromatographic column, the component of separating is divided into two sends into mass detector (EI source) and pulsed flame photometric detector (FPD) (PFPD) synchronously, obtain hydrocarbon and sulfide analysis result simultaneously.
The inventive method step is as follows:
(1) extraction of the on-the-spot gasoline of fiery case, kerosene, diesel combustion residue sample
Gasoline, kerosene, diesel combustion residue sample take from fiery case scene set fire a little near various different combustion carriers, comprise various high-polymer decorative materials, textile, woodwork, earth, building article etc.
(2) solid-phase microextraction (SPME)
According to the combustion in situ state, above-mentioned sample weight range is not waited from 10～500 grams, put into large volume head space sampling instrument, confined space is 2100 milliliters, the sampling instrument lid is tightened, insert the porch at caping solid-phase microextraction extraction apparatus extracting head is inserted, push the interior spe membrane of extracting head and extract, the spe membrane specification is 100 microns thickness, composition is a dimethyl silicone polymer, PDMS, extraction temperature is set 35～45 ℃, extraction time set 25～40 minutes.
(3) gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) is analyzed
The present invention adopts gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer as analyzing main body.At first the blending ingredients that the solid-phase microextraction extraction apparatus is extracted into inserts at gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer injection port place, pushes extracting head then, carries out pyrolysis and analyses.Then on the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer that is equipped with mass detector (EI source) and pulsed flame photometer (PFPD) detecting device electron pressure synchro control mensuration in parallel shunt,, the component after separating is divided into two to send into respectively in mass detector and the arteries and veins formula flame photometer detecting device measures simultaneously mixture separation through chromatographic column.
The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis condition is:
Metal or quartz capillary chromatographic column, the chromatographic column immobile liquid is 5% diphenyl dimethyl silicone polymer (5%diphenyl PDMS), the chromatographic column column length is 30m, and column internal diameter is 0.25mm, and the immobile liquid thickness is 0.25um, column temperature initial temperature: 40 ℃, constant temperature 4min rises to 100 ℃ with 8 ℃ of per minutes, constant temperature 2min then, rise to 270 ℃ with 12 ℃ of per minutes again, constant temperature 10min.250 ℃ of pulsed flame photometer detector temperatures.Injector temperature: 280 ℃; The EI ion gun; Solvent delay 1.5 min; Ionization voltage 70 ev; Sweep limit 40-400amu.
(4) analysis result is judged
Through the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer assay determination, obtain gasoline class, kerosene class and diesel oil type hydrocarbon and thiophene-type sulfide distributed data, according to 5 kinds of sulfide mark product data measuring, determine the distributed data of 10 kinds of feature sulfide in gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, thereby differentiate the combustion adjuvant kind.
The present invention compared with prior art, its good effect is as follows:
(1), set up the Synchronization Analysis new method of solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry-pulse flame photometric detector (FPD) (SPME/GC/MS/PFPD) to the on-the-spot combustion adjuvant combustion residue of fiery case, this method favorable reproducibility, data stabilization, RSD% value hydrocarbon≤0.75, sulfide≤1.29.These method characteristics are: can obtain two kinds of different classes of compound data simultaneously, make this type of material evidence analysis obtain the maximum information resource, be highly suitable for the check of trace sample.
(2), determined the regularity of distribution of sulfide in gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, the present invention is to commercially available 90#, 93#, 97# gasoline; Kerosene;-10# ,-20# ,-35#, 0# sulfide in diesel oil carried out systematic analysis, determined 10 sulfide (serial thiophene-based) label, and the gasoline class contains S1, the S2 compound; The kerosene class contains S6, S7, S8, S9 compound; Diesel oil type contains S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 compound.These sulfide are not subjected to the influence of the on-the-spot decomposition product of fiery case, have gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil kind finger mark feature, are easy to differentiate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the SPME/GC/MS/PFPD spectrogram that various hydrocarbons and sulfide distribute in the gasoline.
Fig. 2 is the SPME/GC/MS/PFPD spectrogram that various hydrocarbons and sulfide distribute in the kerosene.
Fig. 3 is the SPME/GC/MS/PFPD spectrogram that various hydrocarbons and sulfide distribute in the diesel oil.
Embodiment:
At first the sample that fiery case scene is extracted is put into the head space sampling instrument and is carried out solid-phase microextraction.Then the component that is extracted into being carried out pyrolysis on gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analyses, component mixture separates in gas chromatographic column, and it is terminal by a synchronized splitter device in chromatographic column, the component of separating is divided into two sends into mass detector (EI source) and pulsed flame photometric detector (FPD) (PFPD) synchronously, obtain hydrocarbon and sulfide analysis result simultaneously.
Sample adopts 90#, 93#, 97# gasoline;-35# ,-20# ,-10#, 0# diesel oil; Kerosene.
Sulfide mark product: thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, 4,6-dimethyl-benzothiophene standard specimen.
The inventive method step is as follows:
(1) extraction of the on-the-spot gasoline of fiery case, kerosene, diesel combustion residue sample:
Gasoline, kerosene, diesel combustion residue sample take from fiery case scene set fire a little near various different combustion carriers, comprise various high-polymer decorative materials, textile, woodwork, earth, building article etc.
(2) solid-phase microextraction (SPME):
According to the combustion in situ state, above-mentioned sample weight range is not waited from 10～500 grams, put into large volume head space sampling instrument, confined space is 2100 milliliters, the sampling instrument lid is tightened, insert the porch at caping solid-phase microextraction extraction apparatus extracting head is inserted, push the interior spe membrane of extracting head and extract, the spe membrane specification is 100 microns thickness, composition is a dimethyl silicone polymer, PDMS, extraction temperature is set 35～45 ℃, extraction time set 25～40 minutes.
(3) gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) is analyzed:
The present invention adopts gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer as analyzing main body.At first the blending ingredients that the solid-phase microextraction extraction apparatus is extracted into inserts at gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer injection port place, pushes extracting head then, carries out pyrolysis and analyses.Then on the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer that is equipped with mass detector (EI source) and pulsed flame photometer (PFPD) detecting device electron pressure synchro control mensuration in parallel shunt,, the component after separating is divided into two to send into respectively in mass detector and the arteries and veins formula flame photometer detecting device measures simultaneously mixture separation through chromatographic column.
The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis condition is:
Metal or quartz capillary chromatographic column, the chromatographic column immobile liquid is 5% diphenyl dimethyl silicone polymer (5%diphenyl PDMS), the chromatographic column column length is 30m, and column internal diameter is 0.25mm, and the immobile liquid thickness is 0.25um, column temperature initial temperature: 40 ℃, constant temperature 4min rises to 100 ℃ with 8 ℃ of per minutes, constant temperature 2min then, rise to 270 ℃ with 12 ℃ of per minutes again, constant temperature 10min.250 ℃ of pulsed flame photometer detector temperatures.Injector temperature: 280 ℃; The EI ion gun; Solvent delay 1.5 min; Ionization voltage 70 ev; Sweep limit 40-400amu.
(4) analysis result is judged:
Through the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer assay determination, obtain 5 kinds of fen thiophene class mark product GC/MS and the synchronous measurement result of PFPD, GC/MS and GC/PFPD arene and sulfide-based reappearance measurement result and gasoline class, kerosene class and diesel oil type hydrocarbon and thiophene-type sulfide distributed data and spectrogram, see Table 1～table 6, compare according to sulfide mark product data, determine that 10 kinds of sulfide are at gasoline, kerosene, distributed data feature in the diesel oil, 10 kinds of sulfide see Table in the 3～table 6 and indicate with *, according to sulfide peak numbering: S1 in the spectrogram, the existence of S2 is defined as the gasoline kind; According to sulfide peak numbering: S6 in the spectrogram, S7, S8, the existence of S9 is defined as the kerosene kind; According to sulfide peak numbering: S3 in the spectrogram, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, the existence of S10 is defined as the diesel oil kind, measures spectrogram and sees Fig. 1～Fig. 3.
Claims (1)
1. one kind to hydrocarbon and sulphides burn residue synchronized analyzing method in the on-the-spot combustion adjuvant of fiery case, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) extraction of fiery case combustion in situ residue sample:
Near the different carriers combustion residue of gasoline, kerosene or diesel combustion setting fire a little to fiery case scene extracts sample;
(2) solid-phase microextraction:
According to the combustion in situ state, with above-mentioned sample 10～500 grams, put into large volume head space sampling instrument, carry out solid-phase microextraction, extraction temperature is set 35～45 ℃, extraction time set 25～40 minutes;
(3) gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis:
At first the blending ingredients that is extracted into is inserted at gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer injection port place, push extracting head then, carrying out pyrolysis analyses, to extract mixture separation through chromatographic column then, and the component after separating will be divided into two measure simultaneously in the mass detector of sending into gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer respectively and the arteries and veins formula flame photometer detecting device;
The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis condition is:
Metal or quartz capillary chromatographic column, the chromatographic column immobile liquid is 5% diphenyl dimethyl silicone polymer, the chromatographic column column length is 30m, and column internal diameter is 0.25mm, and the immobile liquid thickness is 0.25um, column temperature initial temperature: 40 ℃, constant temperature 4min rises to 100 ℃ with 8 ℃ of per minutes, constant temperature 2min then, rise to 270 ℃ with 12 ℃ of per minutes again, constant temperature 10min; 250 ℃ of pulsed flame photometer detector temperatures; Injector temperature: 280 ℃; The EI ion gun; Solvent delay 1.5 min; Ionization voltage 70 ev; Sweep limit 40-400amu;
(4) analysis result is judged:
Through the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer assay determination, obtain gasoline class, kerosene class and diesel oil type hydrocarbon and thiophene-type sulfide distributed data, according to 5 kinds of sulfide mark product data measuring, determine the distributed data of 10 kinds of feature sulfide in gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, thereby differentiate and determine the combustion adjuvant kind.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101143422A CN102253149A (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in fire on-site combustion improver |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101143422A CN102253149A (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in fire on-site combustion improver |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102253149A true CN102253149A (en) | 2011-11-23 |
Family
ID=44980530
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101143422A Pending CN102253149A (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2011-05-05 | Method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in fire on-site combustion improver |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102253149A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102539550A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-07-04 | 中国刑事警察学院 | Method for comprehensively detecting trace quantity of fat marks and human body fat on crime scene |
| CN103235063A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-07 | 中山大学 | Pretreatment device and method for analyzing flammable liquid ingredient in residual fragment of fire scene |
| CN105593681A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-18 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Analytical method for detecting fuel markers |
| CN109709219A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Detect the method for polar substances structure and/or content in non-polar substrate |
| CN110389193A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-29 | 江西科技师范大学 | It simulates and stablizes the two of combustion adjuvant burning situation device |
| CN111272933A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 江西蓝星星火有机硅有限公司 | Method for analyzing trace hydrocarbon in methyl cyclosiloxane |
| CN111624268A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-04 | 上海市质量监督检验技术研究院 | Method for detecting peculiar smell compounds in textiles |
| CN112730646A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-30 | 佛山市南海北沙制药有限公司 | Method for measuring content of kerosene impurities |
| CN113848268A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-28 | 中国人民警察大学 | Method for eliminating rubber interference gasoline identification by utilizing back propagation neural network method |
-
2011
- 2011-05-05 CN CN2011101143422A patent/CN102253149A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 丁军凯等: "应用SPME-GC/MS/PFPD技术测定烃类及硫化物标记物鉴别汽油、煤油、柴油燃烧残留物", 《刑事技术》 * |
| 凌凤香等: "气相色谱-原子发射光谱联用技术测定柴油中硫化物", 《燃料化学学报》 * |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102539550A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-07-04 | 中国刑事警察学院 | Method for comprehensively detecting trace quantity of fat marks and human body fat on crime scene |
| CN103235063A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-07 | 中山大学 | Pretreatment device and method for analyzing flammable liquid ingredient in residual fragment of fire scene |
| CN103235063B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-11-18 | 中山大学 | Analyze pretreating device and the method for flammable liquid composition in the residual fragment of the scene of a fire |
| CN105593681A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2016-05-18 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Analytical method for detecting fuel markers |
| US9759697B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 | 2017-09-12 | Rohm And Haas Company | Analytical method for detecting fuel markers |
| CN109709219B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2022-03-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for detecting structure and/or content of polar substance in non-polar matrix |
| CN109709219A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Detect the method for polar substances structure and/or content in non-polar substrate |
| CN110389193A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-29 | 江西科技师范大学 | It simulates and stablizes the two of combustion adjuvant burning situation device |
| CN110389193B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-09-16 | 江西科技师范大学 | Simulating combustion environment device II for stabilizing combustion improver |
| CN111272933A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-12 | 江西蓝星星火有机硅有限公司 | Method for analyzing trace hydrocarbon in methyl cyclosiloxane |
| CN111624268A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-04 | 上海市质量监督检验技术研究院 | Method for detecting peculiar smell compounds in textiles |
| CN112730646A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-30 | 佛山市南海北沙制药有限公司 | Method for measuring content of kerosene impurities |
| CN113848268A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-28 | 中国人民警察大学 | Method for eliminating rubber interference gasoline identification by utilizing back propagation neural network method |
| CN113848268B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-03-08 | 中国人民警察大学 | Method for eliminating rubber interference gasoline identification by using back propagation neural network method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102253149A (en) | Method for synchronously analyzing combustion residues of hydrocarbons and sulfides in fire on-site combustion improver | |
| Adam et al. | New benchmark for basic and neutral nitrogen compounds speciation in middle distillates using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography | |
| CN102253136B (en) | Method for analyzing carbon isotopes of micro single hydrocarbons in natural gas | |
| Adhikari et al. | Application of enhanced gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for monitoring petroleum weathering and forensic source fingerprinting in samples impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill | |
| CN103713069B (en) | Method for measuring polyvinyl chloride content in plastic through thermal cracking-gas chromatography mass spectrometry | |
| CA2925517C (en) | Integrated hydrocarbon analysis | |
| dos Santos Rocha et al. | Negative electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry determination of the effects on the distribution of acids and nitrogen-containing compounds in the simulated thermal evolution of a Type-I source rock | |
| JP2014506613A5 (en) | ||
| Tamburini et al. | Characterization and identification of urushi using in situ pyrolysis/silylation–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry | |
| CN104215732A (en) | Method of taking Tenax as simulant to measure migration amount from paper and volatile and semi-volatile organic matter in paperboard by TD-GC/MS | |
| CN103645272B (en) | Method for detecting high-boiling-point substances in industrial products | |
| RU2713166C1 (en) | Method of preparing samples of oil-field chemicals for determining organochlorine compounds and organically bound chlorine | |
| Li et al. | Semi-quantitative analysis of molecular composition for petroleum fractions using electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry | |
| CN102788856A (en) | Qualitative and quantitative analysis method for element sulfur in liquefied petroleum gas | |
| Han et al. | NSO-compounds in oil-bearing fluid inclusions revealed by FT-ICR-MS in APPI (+) and ESI (−) modes: A new method development | |
| Taylor et al. | An arson investigation by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry | |
| Nardella et al. | Analytical pyrolysis and thermal analysis to chemically characterise bitumen from Italian geological deposits and Neolithic stone tools | |
| King | PS modified method and interpretation of source rock pyrolysis for an unconventional world | |
| WO2009048701A1 (en) | Methods for characterizing heavy oils | |
| Nowak et al. | Quantification of isomerically summed hydrocarbon contributions to crude oil by carbon number, double bond equivalent, and aromaticity using gas chromatography with tunable vacuum ultraviolet ionization | |
| Tian et al. | Determination of emulsion explosives with Span-80 as emulsifier by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry | |
| Philp | Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations: techniques | |
| Jílková et al. | Determination of water content in pyrolytic tars using coulometric Karl-Fisher titration | |
| Wang et al. | A new analytical method for quantifying of sterane and hopane biomarkers | |
| CN109709219A (en) | Detect the method for polar substances structure and/or content in non-polar substrate |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20111123 |