CN102252907B - Geometric stiffness test device of deep water top tension type vertical pipe - Google Patents
Geometric stiffness test device of deep water top tension type vertical pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102252907B CN102252907B CN 201110161171 CN201110161171A CN102252907B CN 102252907 B CN102252907 B CN 102252907B CN 201110161171 CN201110161171 CN 201110161171 CN 201110161171 A CN201110161171 A CN 201110161171A CN 102252907 B CN102252907 B CN 102252907B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- model pipeline
- fixed mount
- type vertical
- vertical pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及海洋深水立管的研究试验装置，具体涉及一种深水顶张式立管的几何刚度试验装置。该装置包括设置在固定架上的模型管线，模型管线外设有水筒，模型管线上、下端与供水管线系统连通；在固定架下部设有反力架，反力架通过弹簧与设置在模型管线下部的卡盘连接，所述的弹簧上设有弹簧拉力计；在模型管线上贴有用于测量模型管线的壁张力和振动响应的应变片。本发明可以完成深水顶张式立管几何刚度的试验研究，为深水顶张式立管几何刚度计算提供依据和试验验证。
The invention relates to a research and test device for marine deep-water risers, in particular to a geometric stiffness test device for deep-water top-tensioned risers. The device includes a model pipeline arranged on a fixed frame. A water cylinder is arranged outside the model pipeline. The upper and lower ends of the model pipeline are connected with the water supply pipeline system; The lower part of the chuck is connected, and the spring is provided with a spring tension gauge; a strain gauge for measuring the wall tension and vibration response of the model pipeline is pasted on the model pipeline. The invention can complete the experimental research on the geometric rigidity of the deep-water top-tensioned riser, and provides the basis and test verification for the calculation of the geometrical rigidity of the deep-water top-tensioned riser.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the development test device of ocean deepwater standpipe, be specifically related to a kind of geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe.
Background technology
Deep water top tension type vertical pipe is a kind of main Types of deep water marine riser, and the lower end of standpipe is connected with subsea wellheads, and wall tension acts directly on the well head, and the fluid in the pipe passes standpipe from the seabed continuously and flows to floating platform.The bending stiffness of deep water top tension type vertical pipe comprises the geometric stiffness that resistance stiffness and tension force cause, wherein geometric stiffness is based on that the complicated bend of beam is theoretical to be calculated.And the complicated bend theory of beam is to be based upon on the basis of solid beam Analysis on Mechanics Model, and its tension force born by the cross section fibres of beam fully.But standpipe is hollow, and inside is full of liquid, and liquid can not be born any tension force, and shape changes with container shapes.Therefore, the solid fiber effect of the effect of liquid and solid beam is diverse.Liquid not only can not bear the axial tensile force of standpipe, and can not form to tube wall constraint and the squeezing action of any solid fiber.Therefore, the geometric stiffness of standpipe should adopt wall tension to calculate.
But present deep water top tension type vertical pipe geometric stiffness is to adopt the effective tension of standpipe xsect to calculate, and specific formula for calculation is as follows:
In the formula: [K
G] be geometric stiffness matrix;
T
eBe effective tension;
[N] is the unit interpolating function of standpipe;
L is the element length of standpipe.
And effective tension is based on that theoretical formula that law of buoyancy and equilibrium condition derive calculates, as shown in the formula:
T
e＝T
w-p
iA
i+p
0A
0 (2)
In the formula: T
wBe the standpipe wall tension;
p
i, p
0Be respectively the inside and outside pressure of standpipe, wherein p
iDo not comprise hydrostatic head pressure;
A
i, A
0Be respectively the inside and outside wall cross-sectional area of standpipe.
The unreasonable part of above-mentioned account form is that liquid is treated as solid, thereby causes the unreasonable of existing standpipe geometric stiffness calculating.The geometric stiffness of standpipe should adopt wall tension or effective tension calculates the concern that has been subject to Chinese scholars, and the unique method that addresses this problem is experimental study.At present, still nobody finishes the geometric stiffness experimental study of standpipe.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe geometric stiffness, thereby solve the reasonable computation problem of deep water top tension type vertical pipe geometric stiffness.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe, comprise the model pipeline that is arranged on the fixed mount, and model pipeline peripheral hardware has water drum, model pipeline upper and lower end and water supply line system connectivity; Top or bottom at fixed mount are provided with reaction frame, and reaction frame is connected with the chuck that is arranged on model pipeline top or bottom by spring, and described spring is provided with the spring tension meter; Post for the wall tension force of measurement model pipeline and the foil gauge of vibratory response at the model pipeline.
Further, the geometric stiffness test unit of aforesaid deep water top tension type vertical pipe, wherein, described water supply line system comprises the source line that is communicated with the upper end of model pipeline and the discharge pipe that is communicated with the lower end of model pipeline, is provided with by-pass line between source line and the discharge pipe; The two ends of source line and discharge pipe are respectively equipped with valve, and the end of discharge pipe is connected with water tank, and water tank is connected with water pump by the water tank outlet.
Further, the geometric stiffness test unit of aforesaid deep water top tension type vertical pipe wherein, is provided with tensimeter at described source line.
Further, the geometric stiffness test unit of aforesaid deep water top tension type vertical pipe wherein, is equipped with chuck in the upper and lower of model pipeline; When reaction frame was arranged on the bottom of fixed mount, the chuck of bottom connected chute by support, and chute is arranged on the slideway of fixed mount, and the chuck on top directly is connected with fixed mount by support; When reaction frame was arranged on the top of fixed mount, the chuck on top connected chute by support, and chute is arranged on the slideway of fixed mount, and the chuck of bottom directly is connected with fixed mount by support.
Further, the geometric stiffness test unit of aforesaid deep water top tension type vertical pipe, wherein, described water drum is fixed on the fixed mount by clip, is full of water in the water drum; The cylinder of model pipeline and water drum seals with glass cement at the end.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: the present invention can pass through the tensioning spring tautness meter, and the support of chuck is moved down along slideway, and the model pipeline is tensioned, thereby simulation applies tension force; The control of the adjusting implementation model pipeline internal pressure by valve and water pump; By the Disturbance Model pipeline, make it produce free vibration, thereby realize measurement and the checking of various data.The present invention can finish the experimental study of deep water top tension type vertical pipe geometric stiffness, and calculating for the standpipe geometric stiffness provides foundation and verification experimental verification.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is test unit structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe comprises the model pipeline 1 that is arranged on the fixed mount 13, the model pipeline 1 outer water drum 2, model pipeline 1 upper and lower end and water supply line system connectivity of being provided with.The water supply line system comprises the source line 14 that is communicated with the upper end of model pipeline 1 and the discharge pipe 15 that is communicated with the lower end of model pipeline 1, is provided with by-pass line 16 between source line 14 and the discharge pipe 15.The upper end of model pipeline 1 is connected with the outlet of water pump 18 by source line 14, be provided with tensimeter 29 at described source line 14, the end of discharge pipe 15 is connected with water tank 31, water tank 31 is connected with the entrance of water pump 18 by water tank outlet 17, and described water pump 18 is connected with motor 20 by shaft coupling 19.Valve 22 and valve 26 are equipped with in the two ends of source line 14, so that the pressure of control model pipeline 1; Valve 24,25 is equipped with at the two ends of discharge pipe 15; Also be provided with valve 23 between by-pass line 16 and the source line 14.
Top or bottom at fixed mount 13 are provided with reaction frame 11, and reaction frame 11 is arranged on the bottom of fixed mount 13 in the present embodiment.Reaction frame 11 is provided with reaction frame stiffening rib 12, reaction frame 11 and reaction frame stiffening rib 12 are welded to connect and are weldingly fixed on the fixed mount 13, reaction frame 11 is connected with the chuck 3 that is arranged on model pipeline 1 bottom by spring, and described spring is provided with spring tension meter 28.Post for the wall tension force of measurement model pipeline and the foil gauge 27 of vibratory response at model pipeline 1.
Be equipped with chuck 7 and chuck 3 in the upper and lower of model pipeline 1, the chuck 3 of bottom connects chute 6 by support 4, and chute 6 is arranged on the slideway 10 of fixed mount 13; The chuck 7 on top directly is connected with fixed mount 13 by support 8.Be welded with support reinforcement 5 on the support 4, be welded with support reinforcement 9 on the support 8.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that when reaction frame is arranged on fixed mount top the support of the chuck 7 on top should fill chute, slideway also should be arranged on top, and chuck 3 then no longer needs chute, and should fix, and namely the set-up mode of chuck 3 and chuck 7 exchanges.
Described water drum 2 is fixed on the fixed mount 13 by clip 30, is full of water in the water drum 2; The cylinder of model pipeline 1 and water drum 2 seals with glass cement at the end.
The method that the geometric stiffness that adopts said apparatus to carry out deep water top tension type vertical pipe is tested is as follows:
(1) water tank 31 water-fillings
(2) to model pipeline 1 water-filling
(3) keep the water of model pipeline 1 not flow
After the source line 15 normal water outlets of water tank 31, valve-off 25 and 26 switches off the pump 18, and keeping the hydraulic pressure in the model pipeline 1 is hydrostatic head pressure, at this moment, foil gauge 27 answer vanishing, namely the interior pressure of model pipeline 1 does not cause wall tension.
(4) model pipeline 1 is applied tension force
Tensioning spring tautness meter 28 makes the support 4 of chuck 3 move down along slideway 10, and model pipeline 1 is tensioned.From the readable strain that goes out model pipeline 1 of foil gauge 27, answer allergic effect between 500～1500.Because the hydrostatic head pressure in the model pipeline 1 does not produce axial strain, therefore, the reading of foil gauge 27 all is that tension force causes, then the effective tension in cross section equals wall tension at this moment:
T
e＝T
w
(5) free vibration test
The reading of record spring tension meter 28 and foil gauge 27, then the Disturbance Model pipeline 1, makes it produce free vibration, records foil gauge 27 time dependent data (strain time-histories).
(6) calculation on Natural Frequency
The strain time-histories is made analysis of spectrum, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), the natural frequency f of the model pipeline 1 when obtaining effective tension and equaling wall tension
1
(7) tension force of removal model pipeline 1
Retracting spring tautness meter 28 makes the strain of model pipeline 1 be decreased to zero.
(8) water pressure in the increase model pipeline 1
Valve-off 22 and 24, Open valve 23 and 25, unclamp chuck 3, open water pump 18, the strain that applies the tension force generation in reading that water pressure in the model pipeline 1 increases to foil gauge 27 and the step (4) is equated, be that wall tension force equates with the wall tension force of step 4, valve-off 23,25 and water pump 18 is tightened chuck 3.
The wall tension force of this moment is:
T
w＝p
iA
i
Therefore, effective tension is:
T
e＝T
w-p
iA
i＝0。
(9) free vibration test
Disturbance Model pipeline 1 makes it produce free vibration, records foil gauge 27 time dependent data (strain time-histories).
(10) repeating step (6) is obtained the null model pipeline 1 natural frequency f of effective tension
2
(11) compare f
1And f
2, can draw the natural frequency that does not have different effective tensions under the external pressure condition.If f
1=f
2, then geometric stiffness is calculated and should be adopted wall tension force, otherwise, should adopt effective tension computational geometry rigidity.
(12) water drum 2 water-fillings
The water-filling degree of depth of water drum 2 is answered so that the external pressure of foil gauge 27 height satisfies following formula:
p
0A
0≠T
w
The effective tension of this moment:
T
e＝p
0A
0
(13) free vibration test
Disturbance Model pipeline 1 makes it produce free vibration, records foil gauge 27 time dependent data (strain time-histories).
(14) repeating step (6) is obtained effective tension T
e=p
0A
0The time model pipeline 1 natural frequency f
3
(15) the interior pressure of removal model pipeline 1
Unclamp chuck 3, Open valve 22,24,25 and 26, valve-off 23 is opened water pump 18, and the interior pressure of removal model pipeline 1 so that the reading of foil gauge 27 is down to zero, is tightened chuck 3.
(16) model pipeline 1 is applied tension force
Tensioning spring tautness meter 28 makes the support 4 of chuck 3 move down along slideway 10, and model pipeline 1 is tensioned.The standard of tensioning is that the reading of foil gauge 27 equates with step 8 or step 4.Because the hydrostatic head pressure in the model pipeline 1 does not produce axial strain, therefore, the reading of foil gauge 27 all is that tension force causes, then the cross section effective tension of this moment is:
T
e＝T
w+p
0A
0
A) repeating step (13).
B) repeating step (6) is obtained effective tension T
e=T
w+ p
0A
0The time model pipeline 1 natural frequency f
4
Compare f
3And f
4, can draw the natural frequency of different effective tensions under the external pressure condition.If f
3=f
4, then geometric stiffness is calculated and should be adopted wall tension force, otherwise, should adopt effective tension computational geometry rigidity.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technology thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (7)
1. the geometric stiffness test unit of a deep water top tension type vertical pipe, it is characterized in that: comprise the model pipeline (1) that is arranged on the fixed mount (13), the outer water drum (2), model pipeline (1) upper and lower end and water supply line system connectivity of being provided with of model pipeline (1); Top or bottom at fixed mount (13) are provided with reaction frame (11), be equipped with chuck (7,3) in the upper and lower of model pipeline (1), reaction frame (11) is connected with the chuck that is arranged on model pipeline (1) top or bottom by spring, when reaction frame (11) is arranged on the bottom of fixed mount (13), the chuck of bottom (3) connects chute (6) by support (4), and chute (6) is arranged on the slideway (10) of fixed mount; When reaction frame was arranged on the top of fixed mount, the chuck on top (7) connected chute by support, and chute is arranged on the slideway of fixed mount; Described spring is provided with spring tension meter (28); Post for the wall tension force of measurement model pipeline (1) and the foil gauge (27) of vibratory response at model pipeline (1).
2. the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water supply line system comprises the source line (14) that is communicated with the upper end of model pipeline (1) and the discharge pipe (15) that is communicated with the lower end of model pipeline (1), is provided with by-pass line (16) between source line (14) and the discharge pipe (15).
3. the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the two ends of described source line (14) and discharge pipe (15) are respectively equipped with valve (22,26,24,25), the end of discharge pipe (15) is connected with water tank (31), and water tank (31) is connected with water pump (18) by water tank outlet (17).
4. the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3 is characterized in that: be provided with tensimeter (29) at described source line (14).
5. the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when reaction frame (11) was arranged on the bottom of fixed mount (13), the chuck on described top (7) directly was connected with fixed mount (13) by support (8); When reaction frame was arranged on the top of fixed mount, the chuck of described bottom (3) directly was connected with fixed mount by support.
6. the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water drum (2) is fixed on the fixed mount (13) by clip (30), and water drum is full of water in (2); The cylinder of model pipeline (1) and water drum (2) seals with glass cement at the end.
7. the geometric stiffness test unit of deep water top tension type vertical pipe as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described water pump (18) is connected with motor (20) by shaft coupling (19).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110161171 CN102252907B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Geometric stiffness test device of deep water top tension type vertical pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110161171 CN102252907B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Geometric stiffness test device of deep water top tension type vertical pipe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102252907A CN102252907A (en) | 2011-11-23 |
| CN102252907B true CN102252907B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
Family
ID=44980300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110161171 Expired - Fee Related CN102252907B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Geometric stiffness test device of deep water top tension type vertical pipe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102252907B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102279071B (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2013-06-12 | 中国海洋大学 | Test device for jacking tension and effective tension of deepwater jacking tension type upright tube |
| CN106227979B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-05-10 | 中国海洋大学 | A Calculation Method for Geometric Stiffness of Deepwater Riser |
| US10324000B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2019-06-18 | The Boeing Company | Test fixture for tensioning and cooling an article |
| CN107478508B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2020-05-19 | 浙江海洋大学 | Complex bending test device for deep water top tension type vertical pipe |
| CN107505210B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-12-13 | 浙江海洋大学 | complex bending test method for deep water top tension type vertical pipe |
| CN107764660A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-03-06 | 深圳市承越创展科技有限公司 | Pull force calculation method and its system |
| CN113848125B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2024-06-28 | 湖南航天诚远精密机械有限公司 | Deepwater pressure testing system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3188846B2 (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 2001-07-16 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Strength test device for ceramic bottomed hollow tubes |
| CN100473970C (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2009-04-01 | 扬州大学 | Method for detecting viscosity and rigidity of electroluminescent rheid |
| CN102087183B (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-05-29 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | A deep water riser fatigue test device |
| CN102252913A (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2011-11-23 | 中国海洋大学 | Geometric stiffness test method for deepwater top tension vertical pipe |
-
2011
- 2011-06-16 CN CN 201110161171 patent/CN102252907B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102252907A (en) | 2011-11-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102252907B (en) | Geometric stiffness test device of deep water top tension type vertical pipe | |
| CN109632223B (en) | Test device and method for simulating drill pipe vibration response in marine drilling system without marine riser | |
| CN200962068Y (en) | Single-column offshore platform vortex-induced motion model test device | |
| CN105890869B (en) | A kind of experimental rig for simulating marine riser mechanical characteristic under deepwater drilling operating mode | |
| CN203705252U (en) | Indoor simulation test device for offshore deep-water drilling pipe bearing capacity | |
| CN102147321A (en) | Uniform flow vortex-induced vibration simulation tester for seabed pipeline | |
| CN103267681A (en) | Method and device for measuring bulk modulus of oil | |
| CN102324202B (en) | Self-circulation axial-radial seepage Darcy law experimental apparatus | |
| CN104048810B (en) | A kind of rigid cylindrical vortex vibration testing device realizing nonlinear boundary condition | |
| CN104655494A (en) | Dynamic triaxial tester for analyzing dynamic characteristics of deepwater natural gas hydrate sediment | |
| CN102539244A (en) | Unsaturated soil anisotropic consolidation test device | |
| CN102252913A (en) | Geometric stiffness test method for deepwater top tension vertical pipe | |
| CN103105281B (en) | The experimental rig of marine riser interference law under a kind of tension force effect for research top | |
| CN107478508B (en) | Complex bending test device for deep water top tension type vertical pipe | |
| CN112049610B (en) | Device and method for testing dynamic change of parameters of various coal beds during seam gas well seam production | |
| CN102288349B (en) | Method for testing top tension and effective tension of deep-water top tension type stand pipe | |
| CN107420095B (en) | Indoor vibration oil displacement simulation experimental device and experimental method | |
| CN104849085A (en) | Seabed tube section circulation loading monitoring and testing system | |
| CN209894221U (en) | Pipe-in-pipe system mechanics and fluid flow performance testing device | |
| CN202522434U (en) | Acoustical property detection and simulation device for structure under oil well | |
| CN102279071B (en) | Test device for jacking tension and effective tension of deepwater jacking tension type upright tube | |
| CN203149978U (en) | Bearing-phreatic fully penetrating well flow experiment device | |
| CN211825372U (en) | Mechanical property experiment device for ocean test pipe column | |
| CN107505210B (en) | complex bending test method for deep water top tension type vertical pipe | |
| CN116989983A (en) | A water tank test method and device for marine mooring platforms and risers |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130403 Termination date: 20140616 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |