CN102252816B - Testing method of vortex-induced vibration of cylinder - Google Patents
Testing method of vortex-induced vibration of cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN102252816B CN102252816B CN 201110161115 CN201110161115A CN102252816B CN 102252816 B CN102252816 B CN 102252816B CN 201110161115 CN201110161115 CN 201110161115 CN 201110161115 A CN201110161115 A CN 201110161115A CN 102252816 B CN102252816 B CN 102252816B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a testing method of vibration of a structure in a flow field, in particular to the testing method of vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder. In the method, a testing device which can independently control the two-degree-of-freedom vibration along the flow direction and the transverse direction respectively is utilized for performing two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing and single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing respectively, analyzing phenomena and data of the two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing and the single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing and comparing analysis results of the single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing and the two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing. Under the same testing conditions, the single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing along the flow direction or the transverse direction and the two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration testing along the flow direction or the transverse direction can be completed and synchronous measurement of hydrodynamic pressure, motion parameters (displacement, speed and acceleration) of a testing model and vortex discharge can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test method that structure is vibrated in the flow field, be specifically related to a kind of test method of right cylinder vortex-induced vibration.
Background technology
Vortex-induced vibration is a kind of special vibration mode of right cylinder in the flow field, is the vibration that the vortex shedding at right cylinder wake flow place causes.About the history in existing more than 60 year of the research of vortex-induced vibration, but in recent years, the riser vortex excited vibration problem that occurs owing to the ocean deepwater oil and gas development has started the right cylinder vortex-induced vibration research boom of a new round again.
Discover; Can not explain the vortex-induced vibration phenomenon that the deep water standpipe is special well with existing vortex-induced vibration theory; Big like Oscillation Amplitude; Existing vortex-induced vibration theory thinks that the ratio of the amplitude A of vortex-induced vibration and cylinder diameter D is A/D=0.1-0.15, and the ratio of the vortex-induced vibration amplitude A of deep water standpipe and diameter D is greater than 1.
Second characteristic of deep water riser vortex excited vibration are that following current is the same order of magnitude to (parallel with the flowing velocity direction of water) amplitude with horizontal (vertical with the flowing velocity direction of water) amplitude; Its ratio changes with the change in flow of water; Applicant's result of study shows; (lock room is meant that the vortex frequency of releasing equates with cylindrical frequency) amplitude ratio approximates 1 in non-locking district, approximates 1/3-2/3 in the lock room.But existing vortex-induced vibration theory thinks that following current is far smaller than lateral amplitude of vibration to amplitude, and therefore, existing vortex-induced vibration analytical model does not comprise that following current is to vibration.
To be following current change to the ratio of vibration frequency and the transverse vibration frequency change in flow with the flow field the 3rd characteristics of deep water riser vortex excited vibration; Applicant's result of study shows; Frequency ratio is 1 in non-locking district; And be 2 in the lock room, and existing vortex-induced vibration theory thinks that frequency ratio does not change with the variation of flow velocity, all is 2 in all flow rates.
The reason that produces above-mentioned difference is that the limitation of existing vortex-induced vibration test method causes; Existing vortex-induced vibration test method is to adopt the elastic cylinder model of rigid support; Test model is done the vibration of both direction simultaneously in the plane of vertical cylinder body axis; And because the restriction (experimental tank and flow velocity) of test condition, the slenderness ratio of model is less, causes the natural frequency of model to be difficult to reach testing requirements.Therefore, the test of existing vortex-induced vibration can not be examined or check the influence of certain direction vibration to the other direction vibration, certain direction vibration to vortex release, the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and vortex-induced vibration response; Can not investigate the solid coupling of big displacement stream to vortex release, the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and vortex-induced vibration.
Existing vortex-induced vibration test method comprises:
1) pond (groove) made the stream test
Pond (groove) is made the stream test and is adopted the elastic cylinder test model that rigidly fixes, and the trial circle cylinder produces the two-freedom vibration simultaneously.For the reynolds number range tested is bigger, generally adopt the test model of minor diameter, can't built-in pressure transducer, and the surface is pasted pressure transducer and will be changed the flow field form, therefore, can't carry out flowing pressure and test.In addition, because the quality of minor diameter model is little, the installation acceleration transducer has considerable influence to the quality of model, generally adopts strainometer to measure the vortex-induced vibration response.And strainometer can only be measured the axial strain that bending causes, therefore, can only analyze the displacement that obtains measurement point, and can't obtain speed and acceleration responsive.Therefore, the solid coupling of stream can't adopt such experimental technique to obtain to the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and vortex-induced vibration.
2) pond (groove) towing trial
It is identical that the test model of pond (groove) towing trial and pond (groove) are made the stream test, but model is to be fixed in the driving of pond (groove), during test, produces the flow field through the driving towing.
The major defect of existing vortex-induced vibration test method is following:
1. can not carry out following current to or horizontal unidirectional vortex-induced vibration test; Therefore; Can not realize the experimental study that elastic cylinder following current (horizontal stroke) influences to vortex-induced vibration horizontal (following current) to vibration; Can not disclose elastic cylinder following current (horizontal stroke) to the solid coupling of stream to vortex release, the essential characteristic of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag influence, can not disclose following current to the solid coupling feature of the stream of lateral vibration and to the influence of vortex-induced vibration.
2. can not simulate the solid coupling feature of stream of the big displacement vortex-induced vibration of deep water standpipe; Big displacement means geometrical non-linearity; Linear little displacement supposition is no longer suitable, and therefore, existing vortex-induced vibration experimental technique is not suitable for the deep water riser vortex excited vibration experimental study with strong geometrical non-linearity.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to defective to prior art; A kind of test method of right cylinder vortex-induced vibration is provided; Thereby can under same test conditions, accomplish following current to or laterally the test of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration and following current to horizontal two-freedom vortex-induced vibration test, the synchro measure that realization flowing pressure, test model kinematic parameter (displacement, speed, acceleration) and vortex are released.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following: a kind of test method of right cylinder vortex-induced vibration comprises the steps:
(1) can independent respectively control following current be fixed in the experimental tank, the pressure transducer of test unit and the extension line of motion sensor are connected with corresponding testing tool to test unit with horizontal two degree of freedom vibration;
(2) trace particle of particle rapidity image appearance being used is sprinkled in the water according to the request for utilization of particle rapidity image appearance;
(3) open current generating system and carry out the test of two-freedom vortex-induced vibration, the test flow velocity is that unit carries out classification with reduction speed, and each test flow velocity carries out identical test; Each test treats to carry out behind the flow speed stability test of all test parameterss, and test parameters comprises flowing pressure, kinematic parameter, flow field condition;
(4) two-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and data are analyzed;
(5) through test unit constraint following current to or transverse vibration, open current generating system and carry out the test of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration, test routine is tested identical with the middle two-freedom vortex-induced vibration of test data and step (3);
(6) single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and data are analyzed, it is identical with method with DAP with the middle two-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena of method and step (4) to analyze content;
(7) single-degree-of-freedom and two-freedom vortex-induced vibration test findings are analyzed comparison.
Further, the test method of aforesaid right cylinder vortex-induced vibration, the increment that the test flow velocity described in the step (3) is every grade is 0.5 a reduction speed, test reaches 16 until reduction speed and finishes since 0.5 reduction speed; The sampling rate that flowing pressure test and kinematic parameter are tested is not more than maximum whirlpool and lets out 10 times of frequency.
Further; The test method of aforesaid right cylinder vortex-induced vibration; Data analysis in the step (4) comprises: analyze the temporal signatures and the spectral property of whirlpool commendable increase power, drag and vibratory response, obtain whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and the following current relation to response and transverse response respectively; Frequency ratio and the amplitude of obtaining whirlpool commendable increase power and drag than and with the relation of reduction speed; Obtain following current to vibration and the frequency ratio of transverse vibration and amplitude compare and with the relation of reduction speed; Analyze the tail flow field form, obtain and whirlpool commendable increase power and the synchronous vortex of the drag characteristic of releasing, obtain bidirectional flow be coupled admittedly to vortex release, the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power, drag and vibratory response.
Further; The test method of aforesaid right cylinder vortex-induced vibration; The comparative analysis of the test findings described in the step (7) comprises: through following current relatively to or transverse vibration and the vortex of the two-freedom vibration pattern of releasing, analysis obtain following current to or the cross-current influence that is coupled admittedly vortex is released; Through following current relatively to or the whirlpool commendable increase power vibrated of transverse vibration and two-freedom and the temporal signatures of drag; Analysis obtain following current to or cross-current be coupled admittedly to the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag, and whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and following current to or the relation of transverse movement parameter; Through following current relatively to or transverse vibration and the whirlpool commendable increase power of two-freedom vibration and the spectral property of drag, analysis obtain following current to or the relation of transverse response frequency and whirlpool commendable increase power and drag frequency; Through following current relatively to or the temporal signatures and the spectral property of transverse response and two-freedom response, analyze and obtain following current to vibrating and the coupled relation of transverse vibration, and following current to or transverse vibration to horizontal or following current influence to vortex-induced vibration.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is following: the invention solves following current to or the experimental technique of horizontal unidirectional vortex-induced vibration, realized following current to or transverse vibration to vortex release, the experimental study of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag influence; Realized following current to or cross-current be coupled admittedly to the experimental study of vortex-induced vibration influence; Realized that following current is to interacting and influence each other with transverse vibration and the experimental study of coupled vibrations.In addition, the invention solves the experimental technique of big displacement vortex-induced vibration, realized the solid coupling of big displacement stream to vortex release, the experimental study of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag influence; Realized the experimental study of the solid coupling of big displacement stream, thereby made the geometrical non-linearity vortex-induced vibration experimental study of big displacement become possibility the vortex-induced vibration influence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the basic structure synoptic diagram of test unit used in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the elastic support of test unit;
Fig. 4 is the chute structural representation in the elastic support framework;
Fig. 5 is the spring core rod structural representation of test unit.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Cylindrical vortex-induced vibration comprise following current to the vibration of horizontal two degree of freedom; For study respectively following current to horizontal vortex-induced vibration to vortex release, the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag; The research following current to the influencing each other of horizontal vortex-induced vibration; The research following current is to the solid coupling effect of the stream of horizontal vortex-induced vibration and to the influence of vortex-induced vibration; Test unit should be able to control respectively following current to or transverse vibration, promptly retrain following current to or transverse vibration, make test model only do laterally or following current to vibration.During test, through being installed in pressure transducer and the acceleration transducer on the test model, synchro measure acts on cylindrical flowing pressure and cylindrical vibration parameters.Through particle rapidity image appearance (PIV) synchronous recording tail flow field form.
Because cylindrical vortex-induced vibration comprises the vibration of two degree of freedom; Adopting the single-degree of freedom vibration test is in order to study under the non-existent condition of another degree of freedom vibration effect; Cylindrical vortex-induced vibration characteristic; Like this, compare, just can obtain the influence of this degree of freedom vibration vortex-induced vibration through the test of two-freedom vortex-induced vibration and the analysis of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration test.
At first, introduce the right cylinder vortex vibration testing device of controlled vibrational degree of freedom used in the present invention, as shown in Figure 2; Form by model pipeline 1, elastic support 2 and base 3 three parts; Elastic support 2 has two, is separately positioned on the two ends of base 3, and model pipeline 1 passes two elastic supports 2; Pin type micro pressure sensor 11 is housed on the model pipeline 1, is used to measure flowing pressure.
As shown in Figure 3, elastic support 2 is made up of support 4, pipe clamp 5, spring core rod 6, spring 7 and slide block 8, and acceleration transducer 10 is housed on the pipe clamp, is used for the measurement model pipe vibration.Described support 4 is a rectangular frame, is equipped with 9, four slide blocks 8 of chute in each frame of framework and is separately positioned in the chute 9 all around of support 4, and be connected with four limits of pipe clamp 5 through spring core rod 6 respectively.Be with spring 7 on the spring core rod 6, spring core rod 6 can avoid spring 7 when compression deformation, to bend, and also can avoid spring 7 integral inclinations to influence the vibration of perpendicular direction.
As shown in Figure 4, the position of the corresponding chute 9 of the scuncheon of support 4 is provided with open slot 12, and spring core rod 6 can move along described open slot 12.As shown in Figure 3 trapezoidal in the cross section of the chute 9 on the support 4, the cross sectional shape of slide block 8 is identical with chute 9, can slide along chute 9.When slide block 8 slided in chute 9, interior pipe 14 moved along the open slot 12 of support 4.So just can guarantee that each spring only provides the elastic-restoring force with its parallel axes direction, and the vibration of perpendicular direction is to eliminate its constraint through moving of slide block.
As shown in Figure 5, spring core rod 6 is a Collapsible structure, is made up of outer tube 13 and interior pipe 14, and interior pipe 14 can slide in outer tube 13.In order to reduce sliding resistance, be respectively equipped with vent port 15 and vent port 16 on outer tube 13 and the interior pipe 14.Outer tube 13 is connected with pipe clamp 5 through the external thread 18 of end, and interior pipe 14 is connected with slide block 8 through the external thread 17 of end.Certainly, spring core rod can be not limited to above-mentioned form with being connected also of pipe clamp and slide block, for example, outer tube 13 external thread 18 through the end is connected with slide block 8, and it also is feasible scheme that the external thread 17 of interior pipe 14 through the end is connected with pipe clamp 5.
As shown in Figure 3, slide block 8 is provided with two screws 19, is used for fixing slide block 8, after the slide block of a certain direction is fixed, can make the model pipe line only produce the vibration of a direction.By this method, just can realize the vibration of independent control both direction.
The right cylinder vortex-induced vibration test method that adopts above-mentioned test unit to carry out is following:
(1) test unit is fixedly mounted in the middle part of experimental tank, avoids moving in the process of the test or swing.The extension line of pressure transducer and motion (displacement or speed or acceleration) sensor is connected with corresponding testing tool, guarantees to connect good.This is the conventional test step.
(2) in tank, be filled to the appointment liquid level, the depth of water of guaranteeing the test model top is greater than 10 times of model diameters.The request for utilization according to PIV of the trace particle (hollow glass micropearl) of particle rapidity image appearance (PIV) usefulness is sprinkled in the water.And whether pilot system is debugged, stir test model, it is flexible to observe its motion.Open test macro, confirm that pressure testing system, exercise test system and flow field test system (PIV system) are in proper working order, open current generating system, the validation test model sport is normal, after all test signals are normal, closes current generating system.This is the conventional test step.
(3) open current generating system and carry out the test of two-freedom vortex-induced vibration, the test flow velocity is that unit carries out classification with reduction speed, and every grade increment is 0.5 a reduction speed.Test is since 0.5 reduction speed, and each test flow velocity carries out identical test.Each test treats to carry out behind the flow speed stability test of all test parameterss (flowing pressure, kinematic parameter, flow field condition); Wherein the sampling rate of pressure test and kinematic parameter test is not more than maximum whirlpool and lets out 10 times of frequency, occurs serious mixing phenomenon when avoiding data analysis.Each test increases by 0.5 reduction speed, reaches 16 until reduction speed and finishes, and closes current generating system.This is the conventional test step.
(4) two-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and data are analyzed; Analyze the temporal signatures (displacement, speed, acceleration) and the spectral property (frequency content, excellent frequency, bandwidth) of whirlpool commendable increase power, drag and vibratory response, obtain whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and following current relation respectively to response and transverse response; Frequency ratio and the amplitude of obtaining whirlpool commendable increase power and drag than and with the relation of reduction speed; Obtain following current to vibration and the frequency ratio of transverse vibration and amplitude compare and with the relation of reduction speed.Analyze the tail flow field form, obtain and whirlpool commendable increase power and the synchronous vortex of the drag characteristic of releasing, obtain bidirectional flow be coupled admittedly to vortex release, the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power, drag and vibratory response.Content in this step is an analysis content proposed by the invention, and its concrete analytical approach belongs to common practise for a person skilled in the art.
(5) constraint following current (horizontal stroke) is opened current generating system and is carried out the test of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration to vibration.Its test routine is identical with the test of two-freedom vortex-induced vibration with test data.Content of the test in this step is to rely on the concrete structure of above-mentioned testing equipment to realize, through the screw retention slide block on the slide block, after the slide block of a certain direction is fixed, can make the model pipe line only produce the vibration of a direction.The content of this step is a core content of the present invention.
(6) single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and data are analyzed, it is identical with method with two-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and DAP with method to analyze content.Content in this step is an analysis content proposed by the invention, and its concrete analytical approach belongs to common practise for a person skilled in the art.
(7) single-degree-of-freedom and two-freedom vortex-induced vibration test findings are analyzed comparison, to the vibration and the vortex of the two-freedom vibration pattern of releasing, analyze and obtain following current (horizontal stroke) to the solid influence that is coupled vortex is released of stream through following current (horizontal stroke) relatively.Relatively following current (horizontal stroke) is to vibration and the whirlpool commendable increase power of two-freedom vibration and the temporal signatures of drag; Analysis obtains following current (horizontal stroke) to the influence of the solid coupling of stream to whirlpool commendable increase power and drag, and whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and following current (horizontal stroke) are to the relation of kinematic parameter (displacement, speed, acceleration); Relatively following current (horizontal stroke) is analyzed the relation of following current (horizontal stroke) to response frequency and whirlpool commendable increase power and drag frequency that obtain to vibration and the whirlpool commendable increase power of two-freedom vibration and the spectral property of drag; Compare temporal signatures and the spectral property of following current (horizontal stroke), analyze and obtain the coupled relation of following current, and following current (horizontal stroke) is to vibrating horizontal (following current) influence to vortex-induced vibration to vibration and transverse vibration to response and two-freedom response.This step is the analysis content that the present invention proposes, and belongs to the core content of invention, and its concrete analytical approach belongs to common practise for a person skilled in the art.
The present invention is (same test model under same test conditions; Only need constraint or discharge one degree of freedom just to realize single-degree-of-freedom and the test of two-freedom vortex-induced vibration; Having eliminated between the different models model error disturbs) realized following current to or laterally the test of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration and following current to horizontal two-freedom vortex-induced vibration test, have the vortex-induced vibration test method now and do not possess this ability.This following current to or laterally the test of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration be a kind of brand-new test method with following current to testing the testing program that combines with horizontal two-freedom vortex-induced vibration.And the present invention can also realize the synchro measure that flowing pressure, test model kinematic parameter (displacement, speed, acceleration) and vortex are released.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, belong within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technology thereof if of the present invention these are revised with modification, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (4)
1. the test method of a right cylinder vortex-induced vibration comprises the steps:
(1) can independent respectively control following current be fixed in the experimental tank, the pressure transducer of test unit and the extension line of motion sensor are connected with corresponding testing tool to test unit with horizontal two degree of freedom vibration;
(2) trace particle of particle rapidity image appearance being used is sprinkled in the water according to the request for utilization of particle rapidity image appearance;
(3) open current generating system and carry out the test of two-freedom vortex-induced vibration, the test flow velocity is that unit carries out classification with reduction speed, and each test flow velocity carries out identical test; Each test treats to carry out behind the flow speed stability test of all test parameterss, and test parameters comprises flowing pressure, kinematic parameter, flow field condition;
(4) two-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and data are analyzed;
(5) through test unit constraint following current to or transverse vibration, open current generating system and carry out the test of single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration, test routine is tested identical with the middle two-freedom vortex-induced vibration of test data and step (3);
(6) single-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena and data are analyzed, it is identical with method with DAP with the middle two-freedom vortex-induced vibration experimental phenomena of method and step (4) to analyze content;
(7) single-degree-of-freedom and two-freedom vortex-induced vibration test findings are analyzed comparison.
2. the test method of right cylinder vortex-induced vibration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the increment that the test flow velocity described in the step (3) is every grade is 0.5 a reduction speed, and test reaches 16 until reduction speed and finishes since 0.5 reduction speed; The sampling rate that flowing pressure test and kinematic parameter are tested is not more than maximum whirlpool and lets out 10 times of frequency.
3. the test method of right cylinder vortex-induced vibration as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the data analysis in the step (4) comprises: analyze the temporal signatures and the spectral property of whirlpool commendable increase power, drag and vibratory response, obtain whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and the following current relation to response and transverse response respectively; Frequency ratio and the amplitude of obtaining whirlpool commendable increase power and drag than and with the relation of reduction speed; Obtain following current to vibration and the frequency ratio of transverse vibration and amplitude compare and with the relation of reduction speed; Analyze the tail flow field form, obtain and whirlpool commendable increase power and the synchronous vortex of the drag characteristic of releasing, obtain bidirectional flow be coupled admittedly to vortex release, the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power, drag and vibratory response.
4. the test method of right cylinder vortex-induced vibration as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the comparative analysis of the test findings described in the step (7) comprises: through following current relatively to or transverse vibration and the vortex of the two-freedom vibration pattern of releasing, analysis obtain following current to or the cross-current influence that is coupled admittedly vortex is released; Through following current relatively to or the whirlpool commendable increase power vibrated of transverse vibration and two-freedom and the temporal signatures of drag; Analysis obtain following current to or cross-current be coupled admittedly to the influence of whirlpool commendable increase power and drag, and whirlpool commendable increase power and drag and following current to or the relation of transverse movement parameter; Through following current relatively to or transverse vibration and the whirlpool commendable increase power of two-freedom vibration and the spectral property of drag, analysis obtain following current to or the relation of transverse response frequency and whirlpool commendable increase power and drag frequency; Through following current relatively to or the temporal signatures and the spectral property of transverse response and two-freedom response, analyze and obtain following current to vibrating and the coupled relation of transverse vibration, and following current to or transverse vibration to horizontal or following current influence to vortex-induced vibration.
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| CN109269749B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2023-10-27 | 广西科技大学 | Test water tank for vortex-induced vibration test of suspended span pipeline |
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