CN102252502A - Method and device for drying wood - Google Patents
Method and device for drying wood Download PDFInfo
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- CN102252502A CN102252502A CN201110105867XA CN201110105867A CN102252502A CN 102252502 A CN102252502 A CN 102252502A CN 201110105867X A CN201110105867X A CN 201110105867XA CN 201110105867 A CN201110105867 A CN 201110105867A CN 102252502 A CN102252502 A CN 102252502A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for drying wood. The method is characterized by sequentially comprising the steps of: processing wood into wood segments in required size, placing the wood segments in a drying device and sealing the drying device; starting up a heating device, heating the drying device to ensure that a temperature reaches 65-80 DEG C and is kept for 20 minutes to 2 hours; starting up a vacuumizing device, vacuumizing the drying device to ensure that the absolute pressure intensity is enabled to be within the range of not less than -0.098 MPa and not greater than -0.05 MPa and is kept for 20 minutes to 2 hours; starting up a water-discharging device to pump out water; and turning off the heating device, the vacuumizing device and the water-discharging device and taking out of the wood segments. According to the method, resin membranes inside the wood are damaged for realizing quick drying, the water permeability and the air permeability of the wood are improved and the flexibility is increased. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity, short drying time, high efficiency, energy saving, cost reduction, low wood degrading rate, and the like. The invention further discloses a drying device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of improving wood quality and realizing the drying of wood; Especially adopt the method for destroying timber internal resin conjunctiva and then desiccated wood, the present invention has also disclosed the drying device that adopts said method.
Background technology
The technology of the drying of wood is meant that people with various technical methods, under thermodynamic activity, discharge the process of the moisture in the timber by the mode of carburation by evaporation.
Existing method has air dry, conventional air drying, steam drying, removal moisture drying, vacuum drying, dielectric drying, microwave drying etc.The hot air circulation drying oven that volume is 20 cubic metres, arid cycle is between 20 to 40 days, only consume coal more than one ton, more than power consumption 500 degree, dockage rate 10%, add expenses such as artificial, each cubic metre timber only drying process just expends with more than 200 yuans, and rate of drying is vacuum drying technique faster now.It is to utilize the water principle that reduces of boiling point in a vacuum, finds time by continuous heating, makes that moisture constantly evaporates in the timber, reaches dry purpose.But this method equipment investment is big, and power consumption is high, is difficult for promoting.Application number is 200310117929.4 patent of invention, disclosed method for drying wood to timber pressurization, add steam, heat by electromagnetism and realize then; Application number is 200410004436.4 Chinese invention patents, disclosed be by to the wood surface in stove watering, make water enter timber inside, take away aqueous vapor and then desiccated wood by high temperature air then; The patent disclosure of application number 200480029329.5 be a kind of method of timber being put into the elevated temperature vessel that is no more than ignition point with the drying of wood; Application number is that 200810100904.6 Chinese invention patents disclose a kind of method that adopts heating, vacuum drying timber; Said method is in the drying that all can realize in varying degrees timber; Above method only is the moisture content that has reduced timber, and the water penetration of timber, gas permeability, the wet characteristic that rises of drying shrinkage do not have clear improvement.The cracking of timber, distortion mainly are that the uneven distribution by the timber internal moisture causes.The uneven distribution of timber internal moisture, be internal moisture along rift grain direction, radially different with annual ring line tangent line transfer rate, cause moisture gradient to produce than big-difference, said method can not improve rate of drying effectively, prevents timber crack, distortion.In addition, the common drawback of said method be big energy-consuming, arid cycle long, cost is high, dry mass is poor, degradation rate height.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at the prior art existence, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of improving wood quality and realizing fast drying timber wood, this method can reduce the moisture content partial pressure gradient greatly, effectively reduce or eliminate the problem of the local uneven distribution of timber moisture, and then can improve the pliability of timber, contract with dry rate reduces, and solves the problem that causes explosion, distortion because of the moisture content variation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
Method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size;
Second step: juggle is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 3rd step: start the heater that has fan, drying device is heated, make temperature reach 65 ℃-80 ℃, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 4th step: start vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, make absolute pressure reach negative 0.09 MPa, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood is characterized in that described heater of the 3rd step is an electric heater.
Method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size;
Second step: it is to soak in 65 ℃-80 ℃ the pond, cellar for storing things or temperature is vacuum drying or carry out thermophilic digestion in 65 ℃-80 ℃ the environment that juggle is placed on temperature, and keeps taking-up juggle finishing after 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 3rd step: second juggle that make of step is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 4th step: start vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, make absolute pressure reach negative 0.098 MPa, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood, the length that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step is 200mm-5000mm.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood, the cross-sectional area that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step are 20 square centimeters-2 square metres.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood is characterized in that described temperature of the 3rd step is 70 ℃.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood is characterized in that described absolute pressure of the 4th step is not less than negative 0.098 MPa and is not more than negative 0.05 MPa.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood is characterized in that described vacuum means of the 4th step is changed to the vacuum machine.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood is characterized in that described water discharge device of the 6th step is a water pump.
A kind of device that adopts the said method desiccated wood, it is characterized in that including drying device 1, be positioned at condenser 2 and heater 3 within the drying device, be positioned at the electric cabinet 4 outside the drying device, water discharge device 5, vacuum extractor 6, heater is connected with electric cabinet by first pipeline 31, water discharge device is connected with condenser by second pipeline 51, vacuum extractor is connected with drying device by the 3rd pipeline 61, the power transmission line and the signal control line of control heater are positioned at first pipeline, and electric cabinet is by connecting lead control condenser, vacuum extractor, the action of water discharge device; Discharging valve 14 is positioned at the drying device bottom.
A kind of device that adopts the said method desiccated wood, it is characterized in that including drying device 1, be positioned at condenser 2 and heater 3 within the drying device, be positioned at electric cabinet 4, water discharge device 5, vacuum extractor 6 outside the drying device, be positioned at the vacuum meter 7 of drying device top; Drying device left side for can separate with this device with assembly unit seal up a door 10, the edge of sealing up a door has clamping mechanism 9, drying device left side outer rim and clamping mechanism correspondence position have deck 8, the drying device below has the sewage draining exit 11 that connects wall body, the sewage draining exit below is connected with blowoff valve 12, and drying device is positioned on the base 13; Heater by first pipeline 31 be connected with electric cabinet, water discharge device by second pipeline 51 be connected with condenser, vacuum extractor is connected with drying device by the 3rd pipeline 61, the power transmission line and the signal control line of control heater are positioned at first pipeline, and electric cabinet is by connecting the action of lead control condenser, vacuum extractor, water discharge device; Discharging valve 14 is positioned at the drying device bottom.
The inventive method is simple, invests for a short time, and the drying of wood time is short, and the efficient height has been saved the energy, has reduced loss, has reduced cost, and the dockage rate is little, and every physical property of the timber after the processing all has significantly to be improved.The present invention starts with from mediation moisture discharge channel, removing moisture transmission obstacle, thoroughly destroyed and checked the various resin conjunctivas that the timber internal moisture is transmitted, set up new moisture passing away, so increase substantially the moisture velocity of discharge, reduced the moisture content partial pressure gradient, effectively reduced or eliminated the problem of the local uneven distribution of timber moisture, the pliability of timber improves, contract with dry rate reduces, thereby the problem that timber causes explosion, distortion because of moisture content changes can be solved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the invention process example 5;
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of the invention process example 6;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the invention process example 7.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Description of symbols among Fig. 1-Fig. 3 is as follows: the 1-drying device; The 2-condenser; The 3-heater; The 4-electric cabinet; The 5-water discharge device; The 6-vacuum extractor; The 7-vacuum meter; The 8-deck; The 9-clamping mechanism; 10-seals up a door; The 11-sewage draining exit; The 12-blowoff valve; The 13-base; 31-first pipeline; 51-second pipeline; 61-the 3rd pipeline; The 14-discharging valve.
Embodiment 1-embodiment 4 is the inventive method embodiment, and embodiment 5-embodiment 7 is apparatus of the present invention embodiment.
Method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size, and the length of juggle is 200mm, and the cross-sectional area of juggle is 20 square centimeters;
Second step: juggle is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 3rd step: start the heater that has fan, drying device is heated, make temperature reach 65 ℃, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 4th step: start vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, making absolute pressure is negative 0.098 MPa, and keeps 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
Embodiment 2
Method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size, and the length of juggle is 2000mm, and the cross-sectional area of juggle is 1 square metre;
Second step: juggle is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 3rd step: start the heater that has fan, drying device is heated, make temperature reach 80 ℃, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 4th step: start vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, making absolute pressure is negative 0.05 MPa, and keeps 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
Method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size, and the length of juggle is 5000mm, and the cross-sectional area of juggle is 2 square metres;
Second step: juggle is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 3rd step: start the heater that has fan, drying device is heated, make temperature reach 70 ℃, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 4th step: start vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, making absolute pressure is negative 0.095 MPa, and keeps 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment, the length that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step is 200mm-5000mm.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment, the cross-sectional area that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step are 20 square centimeters-2 square metres.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment is characterized in that described heater of the 3rd step is an electric heater.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment is characterized in that described temperature of the 3rd step is 65 ℃-80 ℃.
Embodiment 4
Method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size;
Second step: it is to soak in 65 ℃-80 ℃ the pond, cellar for storing things or temperature is vacuum drying or carry out thermophilic digestion in 65 ℃-80 ℃ the environment that juggle is placed on temperature, and keeps taking-up juggle finishing after 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 3rd step: second juggle that make of step is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 4th step: start vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, make absolute pressure be not less than negative 0.098 MPa and be not more than and bear 0.05 MPa, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
Described method for drying wood, the length that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step is 200mm-5000mm.
Above-mentioned described method for drying wood, the cross-sectional area that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step are 20 square centimeters-2 square metres.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment is characterized in that described temperature of the 3rd step is 70 ℃, and effect is best.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment is characterized in that described vacuum means of the 4th step is changed to the vacuum machine.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment is characterized in that described absolute pressure of the 4th step is not less than negative 0.098 MPa and is not more than negative 0.05 MPa.
Method for drying wood described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment is characterized in that described water discharge device of the 6th step is a water pump.
Embodiment 5
See also Fig. 1, a kind of device of desiccated wood, it is characterized in that including drying device 1, be positioned at condenser 2 and heater 3 within the drying device, be positioned at the electric cabinet 4 outside the drying device, water discharge device 5, vacuum extractor 6, heater is connected with electric cabinet by first pipeline 31, water discharge device is connected with condenser by second pipeline 51, vacuum extractor is connected with drying device by the 3rd pipeline 61, the power transmission line and the signal control line of control heater are positioned at first pipeline, and electric cabinet is by connecting lead control condenser, vacuum extractor, the action of water discharge device; Discharging valve 14 is positioned at the drying device bottom.
See also Fig. 2 and in conjunction with Fig. 1, with embodiment 5, difference is substantially: heater 3 is electric heater, and water discharge device 5 is a water pump, and vacuum extractor 6 is the vacuum machine.
Embodiment 7
See also Fig. 3 and in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of device of desiccated wood, it is characterized in that including drying device 1, be positioned at condenser 2 and heater 3 within the drying device, be positioned at electric cabinet 4, water discharge device 5, vacuum extractor 6 outside the drying device, be positioned at the vacuum meter 7 of drying device top; Drying device left side for can separate with this device with assembly unit seal up a door 10, the edge of sealing up a door has clamping mechanism 9, drying device left side outer rim and clamping mechanism correspondence position have deck 8, the drying device below has the sewage draining exit 11 that connects wall body, the sewage draining exit below is connected with blowoff valve 12, and drying device is positioned on the base 13; Heater by first pipeline 31 be connected with electric cabinet, water discharge device by second pipeline 51 be connected with condenser, vacuum extractor is connected with drying device by the 3rd pipeline 61, the power transmission line and the signal control line of control heater are positioned at first pipeline, and electric cabinet is by connecting the action of lead control condenser, vacuum extractor, water discharge device; Discharging valve 14 is positioned at the drying device bottom.Condenser 2, heater 3, second pipeline 51, the 3rd pipeline 61 are not drawn among the figure, with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
Wood structure mainly is made up of wooden cell and lignose etc., and cell is made up of lumen and cell membrane, and cell is also when activity, in the lumen liquid, the inboard possess hydrophilic property of cell membrane, and the cell membrane outside has hydrophobicity, has so just formed eucaryotic cell structure.After moisture in the lumen reduced, original protein, amino acid isoreactivity material just depended on the cell membrane inboard in the cell, and these materials can be one with aqueous fusion, easily decomposed water-swellable again.The conduit that the cell membrane outside is made up of lignose etc., it is the main thoroughfare that trees moisture transmits up and down, thereby vertical transmission of moisture is that rift grain direction transmission resistance is less.Intracellular liquid is in communication with the outside by the microcapillary of lumen pit and cell membrane.After trees are cut down, cell death, the lyophobic dust of cell membrane has just formed the very thin film of one deck, and he is exactly the cell membrane conjunctiva.Timber is in growth course, and each growth cycle forms texture one, is called the annual ring line.Under the normal condition, the annual ring line be trees one growth period inner cell inhomogeneous division, grow up and cause.Trees in growth course, every growth 1 year, it all produces a kind of very thin film of one deck that can protect self moisture not run off, avoid extraneous infringement, he is exactly the annual growth layer conjunctiva.The main component of annual growth layer conjunctiva and cell membrane conjunctiva is a resin; be exactly " oil ", " wax " or " grease " that we often say; after trees are felled; cell membrane and annual ring film exist; can play water proof, heat insulation, the protection timber effect; and be not easy to destroy, thereby cause the lateral transport of moisture promptly radially to transmit very difficulty.Also this just film makes the transmission speed of water in timber slack-off, when being subjected to the external environment variable effect, makes moisture cause uneven distribution in timber inside, and the wet characteristic that rises of the drying shrinkage of timber causes the bent force deformation of timber, cracking.In sum, annual growth layer conjunctiva and cell membrane conjunctiva are the major obstacles that checks moisture transmission.When this conjunctiva thoroughly being destroyed or allowing it disappear, just can realize the lateral transport of moisture, the transmission speed of moisture will significantly improve, and the drying of timber will become and be easy to.The method of the destruction timber internal resin conjunctiva of being invented by the inventor among the present invention: the annual growth layer conjunctiva of timber and the main component of cell membrane conjunctiva are biological wax, resin and other organic matters etc., these materials are solid at normal temperatures, when being heated to 65 ℃ of-80 ℃ of temperature, be melted into liquid state, the difference of timber kind, the melt temperature of these materials is also different, but substantially within this temperature range.The melt temperature that experiment showed, most of wood resins is between 65 degrees centigrade to 80 degrees centigrade.Because the resin conjunctiva depends on lignose, though be in the hot melt state, still can not decompose and destroy.In view of the situation, apparatus of the present invention, timber is placed in the drying device, by 65 ℃-80 ℃ of methods with heating, the best is 70 ℃, the timber temperature is brought up to the numerical value that the resin conjunctiva of inside is melted, make the resin conjunctiva of timber inside be in the hot melt state, then by the vavuum pump extracting vacuum, make timber be in the state that absolute pressure is not less than negative 0.098 MPa and is not more than negative 0.05 MPa, the inner cell of timber, air between cell and the cell and steam have just produced external carbuncle, external carbuncle increases thereupon, tackle this external carbuncle without any strength and destroyed owing to the resin conjunctiva under the hot melt state, the air and the steam of timber inside are excreted simultaneously.This destruction that the resin conjunctiva suffers is nonvolatil, and is irreversible.After the resin conjunctiva destroys, huge variation has taken place in the transmission channels of moisture in the timber, originally moisture only depends on cell pit, cell membrane pore etc. to transmit promptly vertically to transmit in the timber, has become that can to transmit by whole cell membrane be lateral transport, and the transmission channel of moisture is significantly expanded.
Obviously,, be essentially different to whole dry processing that timber carries out with the present invention with existing method for drying wood.Existing method, just reduced the content of the moisture in the timber, the structure of timber inside does not change, the transmission channels of moisture does not change in the timber, variation along with moisture content, moisture causes uneven distribution in timber inside, and the wet characteristic that rises of the drying shrinkage of timber still can make the bent force deformation of timber, cracking.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, should be appreciated that design of the present invention can be by other various forms enforcement utilizations, and they drop in protection scope of the present invention equally.
Claims (9)
1. method for drying wood is characterized in that the step that comprises that next coming in order carry out:
The first step: timber is processed into the juggle that requires size;
Second step: juggle is placed in the drying device and to drying device seals;
The 3rd step: start the heater that has fan, drying device is heated, make temperature reach 65 ℃-80 ℃, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 4th step: close the heater that has fan, restart vacuum extractor, drying device is vacuumized, make absolute pressure be not less than negative 0.098 MPa and be not more than and bear 0.05 MPa, and kept 20 minutes-2 hours;
The 5th step: start water discharge device;
The 6th step: close water discharge device, and take out juggle.
2. method for drying wood according to claim 1 is characterized in that described heater of the 3rd step is an electric heater.
According to claim 1 to described any method for drying wood of claim 2, the length that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step is 200mm-5000mm.
According to claim 1 to described any method for drying wood of claim 2, the cross-sectional area that it is characterized in that the described juggle of the first step is 20 square centimeters-2 square metres.
According to claim 1 to described any method for drying wood of claim 2, it is characterized in that the 3rd the step described temperature be 70 ℃.
According to claim 1 to described any method for drying wood of claim 2, it is characterized in that the 4th the step described vacuum means be changed to the vacuum machine.
According to claim 1 to described any method for drying wood of claim 2, it is characterized in that the 6th the step described water discharge device be condenser, draining valve and water pump.
8. the device of a desiccated wood, it is characterized in that including drying device (1), be positioned at condenser (2) and heater (3) within the drying device, be positioned at the electric cabinet (4) outside the drying device, water discharge device (5), vacuum extractor (6), heater is connected with electric cabinet by first pipeline (31), water discharge device is connected with condenser by second pipeline (51), vacuum extractor is connected with drying device by the 3rd pipeline (61), the power transmission line and the signal control line of control heater are positioned at first pipeline, and electric cabinet is by connecting lead control condenser, vacuum extractor, the action of water discharge device; Discharging valve (14) is positioned at the drying device bottom.
9. the device of a desiccated wood, it is characterized in that including drying device (1), be positioned at condenser (2) and heater (3) within the drying device, be positioned at electric cabinet (4), water discharge device (5), vacuum extractor (6) outside the drying device, be positioned at the vacuum meter (7) of drying device top; Drying device left side is for separating seal up a door (10) with assembly unit with this device, the edge of sealing up a door has clamping mechanism (9), drying device left side outer rim and clamping mechanism correspondence position have deck (8), the drying device below has the sewage draining exit (11) that connects wall body, the sewage draining exit below is connected with blowoff valve (12), and drying device is positioned on the base (13); Heater by first pipeline (31) be connected with electric cabinet, water discharge device by second pipeline (51) be connected with condenser, vacuum extractor is connected with drying device by the 3rd pipeline (61), the power transmission line and the signal control line of control heater are positioned at first pipeline, and electric cabinet is by connecting the action of lead control condenser, vacuum extractor, water discharge device; Discharging valve (14) is positioned at the drying device bottom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110105867XA CN102252502A (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2011-04-27 | Method and device for drying wood |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110105867XA CN102252502A (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2011-04-27 | Method and device for drying wood |
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| CN102252502A true CN102252502A (en) | 2011-11-23 |
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| CN201110105867XA Pending CN102252502A (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2011-04-27 | Method and device for drying wood |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN102512019A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-27 | 北京联合大学 | Double-bunked bed upper bunk side plate table |
| CN102538408A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-04 | 成都市双虎实业有限公司 | Vacuum drying method for processing wood plate raw materials |
| WO2022058631A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | Quadpack Industries S. A. | Wood drying process, dried wood obtained and dried wood element for covering containers |
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| WO2022058631A1 (en) | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-24 | Quadpack Industries S. A. | Wood drying process, dried wood obtained and dried wood element for covering containers |
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Application publication date: 20111123 |