CN102251101A - Process for extracting gold from carbonaceous gold concentrate - Google Patents

Process for extracting gold from carbonaceous gold concentrate Download PDF

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CN102251101A
CN102251101A CN2011101828398A CN201110182839A CN102251101A CN 102251101 A CN102251101 A CN 102251101A CN 2011101828398 A CN2011101828398 A CN 2011101828398A CN 201110182839 A CN201110182839 A CN 201110182839A CN 102251101 A CN102251101 A CN 102251101A
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gold
oxidation
carbonaceous
ore
cyanidation
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CN102251101B (en
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姚永南
郑晔
马金瑞
赵明福
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China National Gold Corporation Technology Center
Changchun Gold Research Institute
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CHINA NATIONAL GOLD Corp TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Changchun Gold Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a process for extracting gold from carbonaceous gold concentrate. In the invention, an acidic pressure catalytic oxidation (cyanided gold extraction) process is adopted for the fine-disseminated type carbonaceous gold concentrate which is difficult to process; when the process is adopted, sulfide minerals can be oxidized sufficiently, microgranular gold wrapped in the sulfide minerals can be completely disintegrated in an exposed manner, and the adverse effect on cyanidation leaching of the gold, caused by carbon, is also eliminated; the pretreatment process provides favorable conditions for the cyanidation leaching of the gold, the leaching rate of the gold is improved from the conventional 3% to over 97%, and the recovery rate of the gold is obviously increased; and as a soluble medicament is adopted to produce a soluble product, pollution on the environment is greatly reduced, so that gold resources which are difficult to process can be sufficiently utilized.

Description

The extraction process that contains gold in the carbonaceous gold ore
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of golden ore concentrate hard to treat gold extraction technology, particularly a kind of extraction process that contains gold in the carbonaceous gold ore.
Background technology
Originating in the gold mine in black (or carbon containing) series of rocks and the sedimentary rocks, is one of important gold mine type in the world.Since the beginning of this century, gold industry circle just has recognized that the harmful effect that the carbonaceous thing in the gold mine leaches cyaniding.Smelt angle from the extraction of gold, " carbonaceous gold ore " is defined as a kind of refractory mineral that contains organic carbon at first, the organic carbon in the ore can and gold-cyanide complex have an effect, thereby can not be handled with conventional cyanide process ", belong to the row of difficult-treating gold mine.The most famous carbonaceous gold ore comprises the card woods gold mine of the U.S. and solemn actor playing a supporting role's gold mine of Uzbekistan, and Canada, Australia, New Zealand and China have all found considerable large-scale carbonaceous gold ore bed.
China's difficult-treating gold mine resource is abundanter, in the existing explored gold geologic reserve, have approximately and belong to the difficult-treating gold mine resource about 1000 tons, account for 1/4 of proven reserve, this class resource distribution is extensive, in each pan province distribution is arranged all, wherein larger specific gravity is occupied in western provinces such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Guangxi and Shaanxi.Domestic and international research is thought, in the forming process of microfine gold mine primary deposit, especially is that carbonaceous has vital role in the gold mine forming process of host rock stone with the sedimentogeneous rock.All contain higher carbonaceous and organic carbon in stockaded village, the northeast gold mine in card woods gold mine, China Sichuan and some gold deposits in Golden Triangle, Yunnan, osmanthus, Guizhou Province.
Carbonaceous mainly contains three types in the carbonaceous gold ore: the mixture of solid (element) carbon, high-molecular hydrocarbons and the organic acid similar to humic acids, the latter two are collectively referred to as organic carbon.The carbonaceous that exists in the ore is commonly considered as the hydrothermal activity phase and has been brought a small amount of organic matter result of (may comprise hydrocarbon polymer) into.
The explored carbonaceous gold ore resource of China is occupied quite high ratio in the gold industry reserves, basically all be in China western part, solve the pretreatment technology technology of carbonaceous gold ore, the sustainable development and the western economic development of China's gold industry had very important effect.
Elemental carbon has three kinds of structure formations of the bad imitation stone China ink of graphite, the unformed elemental carbon of amorphous and crystal development (having two kinds of tectonic systems of amorphous and graphite concurrently), and main component is a carbon, does not generally contain gold.Solid carbon, especially decolorizing carbon have the performance of activated carbon in cyanidation-leaching process, and molten golden cyanogen complex ion has been soaked in absorption.Organic composition in the carbonaceous ore is made up of the organic acid (being similar to humic acid) that does not form complex compound with the interactional long chain hydrocarbon of cyanogen gold complex ion, with auricyanide.
The pretreatment process of carbonaceous gold ore is divided into two kinds: (1) remove or decomposing ore in the carbonaceous thing; Or make the carbonaceous thing when cyaniding, lose adsorption activity.(2) only need the harmful effect of de-carbon pledge in cyanidation-leaching process, do not destroy the ore carbonaceous, thereby the gold that comprised originally in the carbonaceous is dissociated.The pretreatment process of carbonaceous gold ore has flotation process, roasting method and chemical oxidization method etc. in the industry.
The pressure oxidation method is used early abroad, promotes one of method faster, is main production method such as metallic nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide, also is applied in gold production aspect.Because employed press device is had relatively high expectations, capital construction has high input at home, is producing metallic nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide widespread use, is not employed but still have successfully in the gold field.Oxidation is thorough because the pressure oxidation method has, preoxidation time is short, and the high characteristics of leaching yield that throughput is changeable, low in the pollution of the environment, golden are worth application.
Middle temperature in the pressure oxidation method, middle pressure ring border under acidic conditions, can react sulfide mineral such as pyrite, mispickel and oxygen in the ore, mineral structure is changed, make the gold that is wrapped expose out, the cyaniding that helps gold is leached, and improves the rate of recovery of gold; The reagent with oxidizing property in the wet chemical oxidation method can be removed the carbonaceous in the ore effectively with the carbonaceous oxidation in the mineral.Utilize the characteristics separately of these two kinds of technologies, these two kinds of technologies are organically combined, promptly pressure catalyzed oxidation technology can solve the intractable problem that contains the carbonaceous gold ore effectively.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of extraction process that contains in the carbonaceous gold ore gold, promptly acid pressure catalyzed oxidation---cyanidation gold-extracted technology had both solved the problem of oxidation of sulfide mineral, can remove the carbonaceous in the mineral again effectively.This technology not only makes the gold that is wrapped expose out, and can remove carbonaceous in the mineral effectively, the cyaniding that more helps gold is leached, improved the golden rate of recovery, simultaneously owing to adopt the solubility medicament, generate soluble product, avoided secondary parcel, greatly alleviated pollution environment to gold.
The present invention is directed to the difficult carbonaceous gold ore of fine dip-dye type, a kind of extraction process that contains gold in the carbonaceous gold ore is provided, be acid pressure catalyzed oxidation---cyanidation gold-extracted technology, this technology can obtain sulfide mineral sufficient oxidation, the micro-fine-grained gold that is wrapped in the sulfide mineral is fully exposed dissociate, also eliminated carbon simultaneously disadvantageous effect is leached in the cyaniding of gold.This pretreatment technology leaches for golden cyaniding favourable condition is provided, the leaching yield of gold is brought up to more than 97% from 3% of routine, the rate of recovery of gold is significantly improved, simultaneously owing to adopt the solubility medicament, generate soluble product, greatly alleviated pollution, thereby this part unmanageable gold ore resource is fully used environment.
Know-why of the present invention:
1, acid pressure oxidation ultimate principle
In the difficult gold containing ore parcel gold mineral be mainly metallic sulfides such as pyrite and arsenopyrite, desire will make gold mineral dissociate out, just must decompose pyrite and arsenopyrite etc. and carry gold mineral.
The pressure oxidation purpose is under the condition of medium temperature and medium pressure, aerobic, and metallic sulfide oxidation is decomposed, and enters liquid phase with the form of soluble sulphate; After main harmful element arsenic in the ore enters liquid phase with the form of arsenate,, forms stable arsenate and precipitate, but qualified discharge can not pollute environment again by handling.
In middle temperature (generally at 180~215 ℃), (under 2100~3800kPa), pyrite, arsenopyrite (are generally H at acidic medium to middle pressure 2SO 4) in, following reaction mainly takes place:
4FeS 2+15O 2+2H 2O=2Fe 2(SO 4) 3+2H 2SO 4
2FeAsS+7O 2+H 2SO 4+2H 2O=Fe 2(SO 4) 3+2H 3AsO 4
Arsenic acid and ferric sulfate reaction generate throw out:
2H 3AsO 4+Fe 2(SO 4) 3+4H 2O=2FeAsO 4·H 2O↓+3H 2SO 4
Figure BDA0000073119210000041
Figure BDA0000073119210000043
By above chemical reaction as can be seen, under middle temperature, middle pressure, oxygen-enriched environment and acidic conditions, pyrite, arsenopyrite are generated FeAsO by oxidation effectively, decomposition 4, Fe 2O 3, Fe (OH) SO 4Deng throw out, sulphur and arsenic in the mineral all are dissolved out fully with salt form, and chemical property is stable.
2, chemical oxidation principle
The wet chemical oxidation method is to utilize pharmaceutical chemicals or reagent with oxidizing property to come oxidation target substance or element, makes its salt or the gas that form solubility, target substance or element are decomposed effectively or remove.Utilize these characteristics of chemical oxidization method, optional apparatus has the pharmaceutical chemicals of oxidizing property or reagent to remove carbon in the mineral.
It is stable that nitrate has physical properties, and chemical property is active, and the characteristics of stronger oxidisability are arranged.Wherein Chang Yong nitrate has SODIUMNITRATE (NaNO 3) and saltpetre (KNO 3).
SODIUMNITRATE (NaNO 3) be water white transparency or white little yellowy diamond crystal, soluble in water, physical properties is stable, and fusing point is at 306 ℃, and boiling point has stronger oxidisability 380 ℃ (decomposition), and chemical property is active.
NaNO 3+ H 2SO 4(dense)=(heating) NaHSO 4+ HNO 3
4HNO 3(dense)+C=CO 2↑+NO 2↑+2H 2O
NO 2+H 2O=HNO 3
By above chemical reaction as can be seen, NaNO 3Can be used as the carbonaceous oxygenant, the carbon in the oxide mineral makes carbon generate CO effectively 2Gas; And the NO that generates in the reaction process 2Again can be soluble in water, form HNO again 3, also played the effect of quickening catalyzed reaction.Such reaction repeated can be removed the carbon in the mineral effectively.
Operational path of the present invention is acid pressure catalyzed oxidation---cyanidation gold-extracted, utilize acid pressure oxidation technology, and sulfide mineral is obtained abundant oxidation, make the gold that is wrapped in the sulfide mineral obtain fully exposed dissociating; Utilize oxygenant to remove carbon in the mineral effectively.Ore pulp after the oxidation is through after the press filtration, and oxidation liquid is handled precipitation, and arsenic metal ion wherein carries out solid-liquid separation, in and slag be thrown into the mine tailing storehouse, oxidation clear liquor retrieval system recycles; Oxidation sludge is dense after enter cyanidation gold-extracted system after sizing mixing, leach through the charcoal slurry, generation carry golden charcoal through desorbing electrolytic, pass through output finished product gold after the refining again, behind the slurry filtration, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system, filter residue is delivered to tailings reservoir for piling.
Processing step of the present invention is as follows:
(1), acid pressure catalyzed oxidation operation:
The pulp density that will contain the carbonaceous gold ore is adjusted to 20%~40%; Add H 2SO 4And NaNO 3, transfer pulp PH value 1~2, feed the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 180~215 ℃, charge into 1.0~2.8MPa dividing potential drop oxygen stage by stage, under the processing condition of oxidization time 90~180min, not only make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, make abundant exposed the dissociating of the gold that is wrapped, and remove the carbon in the mineral effectively.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, liquid after treatment, clear liquor returns oxidation system, precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(2), cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (1) through size mixing to concentration be 25%~35%; Slurry pH 11~12; Alkaline purification time 1.5~2.5h; NaCN consumption 8kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 24h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
With pressure oxidation technology and wet chemical oxidation technology bonded process program organically, handle the difficult carbonaceous gold ore that contains of fine dip-dye type, both improved the golden rate of recovery, reduced environmental pollution again.Adopt pressure oxidation technology, fully the oxygenolysis sulfide mineral fully exposes parcel gold wherein and dissociates; By the sulfide mineral parcel is opened, harmful element enters liquid phase with the form of soluble salt, has avoided the secondary parcel to gold, can improve the rate of recovery of gold to greatest extent.Nuisance sulphur, arsenic is most of to enter liquid phase after oxidized and neutralization is reclaimed, and has greatly reduced environmental pollution; Adopt the oxidizing process in the wet chemical oxidation method simultaneously, under middle temperature, middle pressure, oxygen enrichment and acidic conditions, utilize NaNO 3Oxidizing property, the carbon in the mineral is removed effectively; The present invention had both solved sulfide mineral and had obtained abundant oxidation, avoided causing the problem of gold loss because of the sulphide ores oxidation is insufficient, removed the carbon in the mineral again effectively, eliminated the influence that carbon leaches golden cyaniding, gold is reclaimed to greatest extent, and greatly reduced pollution, this part difficult-treating gold mine resource can be fully used environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, be process flow diagram of the present invention;
Embodiment 1:
(1) acid pressure catalyzed oxidation operation:
The pulp density that will contain the carbonaceous gold ore is adjusted to 20%; Add H 2SO 4And NaNO 3, transfer pulp PH value 1~2, feed the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 210 ℃, charge into 2.4MPa dividing potential drop oxygen stage by stage, under the processing condition of oxidization time 120min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed dissociate.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, liquid after treatment, clear liquor returns oxidation system, precipitation reclaims; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(2) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (1) through size mixing to concentration be 25%~35%; Slurry pH 11~12; Alkaline purification time 1.5~2.5h; NaCN consumption 8kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 24h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The experimental result technical indicator is:
Sulfur oxidation rate: 96.80%;
Arsenic oxidation ratio: 94.57%;
Gold leaching rate: 97.28%.
Embodiment 2:
(1) acid pressure catalyzed oxidation operation:
The pulp density that will contain the carbonaceous gold ore is adjusted to 30%; Add H 2SO 4And NaNO 3, transfer pulp PH value 1~2, feed the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 180 ℃, charge into 1.0MPa dividing potential drop oxygen stage by stage, under the processing condition of oxidization time 90min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed dissociate.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, liquid after treatment, clear liquor returns oxidation system, precipitation reclaims; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(2) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (1) through size mixing to concentration be 25%~35%; Slurry pH 11~12; Alkaline purification time 1.5~2.5h; NaCN consumption 8kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 24h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The experimental result technical indicator is:
Sulfur oxidation rate: 98.96%;
Arsenic oxidation ratio: 94.63%;
Gold leaching rate: 97.69%.
Embodiment 3:
(1) acid pressure catalyzed oxidation operation:
The pulp density that will contain the carbonaceous gold ore is adjusted to 40%; Add H 2SO 4And NaNO 3, transfer pulp PH value 1~2, feed the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 215 ℃, charge into 2.8MPa dividing potential drop oxygen stage by stage, under the processing condition of oxidization time 180min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed dissociate.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, liquid after treatment, clear liquor returns oxidation system, precipitation reclaims; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(3) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (2) through size mixing to concentration be 25%~35%; Slurry pH 11~12; Alkaline purification time 1.5~2.5h; NaCN consumption 8kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 24h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The experimental result technical indicator is:
Sulfur oxidation rate: 96.04%;
Arsenic oxidation ratio: 93.47%;
Gold leaching rate: 97.05%.

Claims (1)

1. one kind contains extraction process golden in the carbonaceous gold ore, and the step of this technology is as follows:
(1), acid pressure catalyzed oxidation operation:
The pulp density that will contain the carbonaceous gold ore is adjusted to 20%~40%; Add H 2SO 4And NaNO 3, transfer pulp PH value 1~2, feed the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 180~215 ℃, charge into 1.0~2.8MPa dividing potential drop oxygen stage by stage, under the processing condition of oxidization time 90~180min, not only make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, make abundant exposed the dissociating of the gold that is wrapped, and remove the carbon in the mineral effectively, oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, liquid after treatment, clear liquor returns oxidation system, precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(2), cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (1) through size mixing to concentration be 25%~35%; Slurry pH 11~12; Alkaline purification time 1.5~2.5h; NaCN consumption 8kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 24h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103088222A (en) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-08 李兆营 Process for treating refractory gold ores
CN104004902A (en) * 2014-04-08 2014-08-27 东北大学 Method for extracting carbonaceous matters in gold ores
CN105950885A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-21 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Slag form control treatment method for gold concentrates wrapped by pyrites
CN105950886A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-21 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Hot-pressing oxidation pretreatment method for arsenic-containing gold concentrates
CN106086455A (en) * 2016-08-18 2016-11-09 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 A kind of Quick Oxidation method of carbonaceous Very Small Au-ore
CN112662886A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-16 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Method for improving gold cyaniding leaching rate of double refractory gold ores

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103088222A (en) * 2013-01-29 2013-05-08 李兆营 Process for treating refractory gold ores
CN104004902A (en) * 2014-04-08 2014-08-27 东北大学 Method for extracting carbonaceous matters in gold ores
CN105950885A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-21 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Slag form control treatment method for gold concentrates wrapped by pyrites
CN105950886A (en) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-21 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Hot-pressing oxidation pretreatment method for arsenic-containing gold concentrates
CN105950885B (en) * 2016-04-28 2018-10-16 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 A kind of slag type control process method of the gold concentrate of pyrite package
CN105950886B (en) * 2016-04-28 2018-10-16 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 A kind of hot-press oxidization pretreatment method of the gold concentrate containing arsenic
CN106086455A (en) * 2016-08-18 2016-11-09 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 A kind of Quick Oxidation method of carbonaceous Very Small Au-ore
CN112662886A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-16 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 Method for improving gold cyaniding leaching rate of double refractory gold ores

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