CN102249829A - Coated porous metal foam composite explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coated porous metal foam composite explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102249829A CN102249829A CN 201110098696 CN201110098696A CN102249829A CN 102249829 A CN102249829 A CN 102249829A CN 201110098696 CN201110098696 CN 201110098696 CN 201110098696 A CN201110098696 A CN 201110098696A CN 102249829 A CN102249829 A CN 102249829A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of energetic materials, and particularly relates to a composite explosive and a preparation technique thereof. The composite explosive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-60% of foamed metal and 40-95% of explosive powder, wherein the foamed metal is in an open pore structure, the porosity is 30-95%, the through pore rate is greater than 50%, the average pore size is greater than 0.5mm, and the density is 1/10-7/10 of metal in the same volume. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the explosive powder materials, and heating to above the melting point; soaking a foamed metal blank in the molten-state explosive powder for 3-10 hours; and taking out the foamed metal filled with the explosive, and naturally cooling to obtain the finished product. In the invention, the foamed metal serves as the base frame, so that the explosive powder is uniformly filled in the pores of the foamed metal. The composite explosive improves the safety, mechanical properties, long-term storage stability and other properties of the fire explosive, has the advantages of high metal energy utilization ratio and the like, and is convenient for installation and transportation. The process of the preparation method is simple; and in the preparation process, the explosive powder is in the molten state, and thus, has the advantages of high safety and high stability.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the energetic material field, be specifically related to binary explosive and technology of preparing thereof.
Background technology:
Explosive is an important material in the war industry, and the size of explosive charge output energy is the performance of decision weapon directly.Improve explosive output energy following mode is generally arranged: invent new high energy single chmical compound explosive, multicharge mixes, and based on certain explosive, adds a small amount of annexation and improves performance.Wherein, adding metal-powder in explosive is a kind of method of using always.The detonation wave that explosive detonation produces impels metal-powder and explosive inside or external oxidation agent that oxidizing reaction takes place rapidly, discharges big calorimetric, improves the quick-fried heat and the detonation pressure of explosive.The metal-powder that can be used for adding comprises high energy metal-powders such as aluminium, magnesium, molybdenum, tungsten, boron, wherein, because suitable, the excellent performance of aluminium powder price becomes most widely used explosive additive (aluminum composition).Usually, the metal-powder particle diameter that is added is more little, and specific surface area is big more, and easy more and oxygenant reacts, and is favourable more to improving explosive property.But the little metal-powder of particle diameter easily by airborne dioxygen oxidation, reduces activity degree in storage process, is unfavorable for improving explosive output energy.Simultaneously, the metal-powder of adding becomes potential focus newly-increased in the explosive, is impacting under the effect of grade, and the metal focus easily causes the explosive reaction, has improved explosive sensitivity.With the aluminium powder is example, and as the HTA-3 explosive of the U.S., its prescription is formed (%) and is: tritonal 28.65/ octogen 49/ aluminium powder 22/ Calucium Silicate powder 0.35.Density height, the quality of this explosive loading is good, explosion energy is big, but because mechanical sensitivity is higher, causes security relatively poor, uses to be subjected to certain limitation.Aluminium is the important component of fuel-air explosive (FAE), and the activity of aluminium powder is to pass judgment on the important indicator of FAE performance.Existing work shows (Liang Huimin, Bai Chunhua, " life search of the solid-state FAE bunkering of high energy ", fire explosive journal, 1999 (3): 21-24): in packaged FAE propellant combination, the active reduction reason of aluminium powder mainly is owing to contain little air and water impurity (being no more than 0.05%) in the solid fuel, makes aluminium by the water oxidation in airborne oxygen and the propylene oxide; In this article also based on original activity aluminium content 87.0%, select aluminium powder activity change 10%, 20%, 30% as failure criteria (being that active aluminium content is respectively 77.0%, 67.0%, 57.0%) respectively, draw the storage life of fuel under the normal temperature, be followed successively by 7.07,14.49 year, 21.54.As seen, even the oxidation of aluminium powder also is quite serious in airtight storage vessel.
At present, high explosive is made generally to adopt the high-energy metals powder is joined in the fiery explosive, for example aluminium powder etc.There is the danger of dust explosion in metal-powder complete processing complexity not only, and seriously polluted, even toxic.For aluminum composition, aluminium powder wherein is a chemical active agent, and particle diameter is thin, and specific surface area is big, and is easily oxidized and lose activity, and this is quite unfavorable to fiery explosive energy output.And such powder also can make the mechanical property variation of explosive in powder charge, and sensitivity uprises.
From above-mentioned analysis as seen, add metal-powder and help improving the explosive output performance, but metal-powder is easily oxidized, reduce activity, this is disadvantageous to improving explosive energy.Therefore, how realize explosive and metal mixed and realize prolonged storage under metal active and the not oxidized prerequisite guaranteeing, just become by adding metal object and improve this method urgent problem of explosive property.
A kind of method that realizes metallic film and explosive coexistence by special process is disclosed among the CN101544525A " energetic film composite type gunpowder and explosive and preparation method thereof ".This method adopts the film like high energy material to replace metal-powder, though part has solved the problem that exists in the present high-energy metals powder explosive making, as has improved stability of explosive, and problems such as density is big, complex process that it still exists.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, providing a kind of is explosive-cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive that matrix forms with the metal foam, can not only improve stability, security, also improve blast performance, mechanical property, the prolonged storage performance of explosive, also had the fairly simple advantage of manufacture craft simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive of the present invention, its composition comprises explosive spice and metal, it is characterized in that, described metal exists with form of foam, wherein, the quality of foamed metal accounts for 5%-60% of porous metal foam binary explosive total mass, and the explosive spice accounts for 40%-95% of porous metal foam binary explosive total mass; Described foamed metal is an open-celled structure, and porosity is 30% ~ 95%, and through-hole rate is greater than 50%, and mean pore size is greater than 0.5mm, and density is 0.1 ~ 0.7 times with the volume metal; Described foamed metal raw material is aluminium, nickel, magnesium, or other can make the metallic substance that becomes the foam form; Described explosive spice is the mixing medicine of single chmical compound explosive spice or multicharge spice, as tritonal TNT, hexogen RDX, octogen HMX etc., or ladder black explosives TNT/RDX etc.
The preparation method of cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive of the present invention, comprise at first and select explosive spice and foamed metal according to service requirements, and foamed metal is processed into the embryo spare of desired shape, size, it is characterized in that, after this preparation process is: (1) with selected explosive spice mixing post-heating to its more than fusing point, and make it keep molten state; (2) the embryo spare with foamed metal immerses in the molten state explosive spice fully, soaks 3-10 hour, is filled in the foam hole of foamed metal to guarantee molten state explosive spice; (3) foamed metal that will be full of the explosive spice takes out, and naturally cooling gets finished product; (4) cooled finished product is weighed and calculate its component concentration.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, described foamed metal is an open-celled structure, and porosity is 30% ~ 95%, and through-hole rate is greater than 50%, and mean pore size is greater than 0.5mm, and density is 0.1 ~ 0.7 times with the volume metal; Described foamed metal raw material is aluminium, nickel, magnesium, or other can make the metallic substance that becomes the foam form; Described explosive spice can be a single chmical compound explosive, as tritonal TNT, hexogen RDX, octogen HMX etc., also can be the mixing medicine of multicharge, as ladder black explosives TNT/RDX etc.; Described foamed metal raw material can be aluminium, nickel, magnesium, also can be that other can make the metallic substance that becomes the foam form.
Cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive of the present invention, with the foamed metal is the matrix skeleton, the explosive spice is wrapped in foamed metal emptying aperture inside, because foamed metal has open grain, specific surface area is big, the aperture is big characteristics, and its inner adjacent holes interconnects, so the explosive spice can be uniformly filled in each hole of foamed metal.The gained explosive product has been improved performances such as security, mechanical property and the long storage of fiery explosive be stable when improve mixing the energy output of fiery explosive, have metal energy utilization ratio height, be convenient to advantage such as installation and transportation.
The preparation method of cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive of the present invention, not only process is simple, and explosive spice involved in the preparation process is in molten state, not can with selected metallic substance generation chemical reaction, have safety, reliable and stable advantage.
Be further described below by embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the photo of the TNT of use of the present invention as the foamed aluminium binary explosive of matrix preparation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. raw material: TNT 400g; Open celled foam aluminum component 10g, density is 0.4g/cm
3, through-hole rate 86%, mean pore size 1.1mm, porosity 70%.Foamed aluminium embryo spare is a rectangle, wide 5cm, long 5cm, thickness 1cm;
2. explosive spice TNT is placed metal vessel, put into water bath and be heated to 80 ℃～90 ℃, make it be molten into molten state;
3. foamed aluminium is put into molten state TNT, soaked after 4 hours, take out, turn-over places molten state TNT to soak again 3.5 hours;
4. soak finish after, the foamed aluminium that will be full of molten state TNT takes out, and puts to the square position, treat its naturally cooling after, take out, scrape off the unnecessary solid-state TNT of foamed aluminium edge, promptly obtain cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive (TNT/Al) finished product; Fig. 1 is this finished product photo, and as seen from the figure, the explosive spice evenly is filled in the perforate of foamed aluminium.
5. the resulting TNT/Al binary explosive of weighing total mass is 36.9g.Calculate in the present embodiment and comprise TNT 26.9g in the binary explosive, account for 72.9% of binary explosive total mass.
Embodiment 2
1. raw material: hexogen RDX 200g, tritonal TNT 200g, open celled foam aluminium finished product 15g, density 0.3g/cm
3, through-hole rate 89%, mean pore size 1.3mm, porosity 84%.Foamed aluminium embryo spare is a rectangle, and the length and width height is respectively: 10cm, 5cm, 1cm;
2. Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine RDX, tritonal TNT are mixed, place metal vessel, heating in water bath to 94 is ℃ to molten state.
3. foamed aluminium is put into molten state TNT/RDX, soaked after 2.5 hours, take out, turn-over places molten state TNT/RDX to soak again 3 hours;
4. after immersion finished, the foamed aluminium that will be full of molten state TNT/RDX took out, and places in the square position, after treating its naturally cooling, take out, scrape off the unnecessary solid-state explosive of foamed aluminium edge, promptly obtain " cladded type " porous metal foam binary explosive (TNT/RDX/Al);
5. the resulting TNT/RDX/Al binary explosive of weighing total mass is 69.5g, calculates the TNT/RDX quality.Calculate in the present embodiment and comprise TNT/RDX 54.5g in the binary explosive, account for 78.4% of binary explosive total mass.
Claims (3)
1. cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive, its composition comprises explosive spice and metal, it is characterized in that, described metal exists with form of foam, wherein, the quality of foamed metal accounts for 5%-60% of porous metal foam binary explosive total mass, and the explosive spice accounts for 40%-95% of porous metal foam binary explosive total mass; Described foamed metal is an open-celled structure, and porosity is 30% ~ 95%, and through-hole rate is greater than 50%, and mean pore size is greater than 0.5mm, and density is 0.1 ~ 0.7 times with the volume metal; Described foamed metal raw material is aluminium, nickel, magnesium; Described explosive spice is the mixing medicine of single chmical compound explosive spice or multicharge spice.
2. the preparation method of cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive as claimed in claim 1, comprise at first and select explosive spice and foamed metal according to service requirements, and foamed metal is processed into the embryo spare of desired shape, size, it is characterized in that, after this preparation process is: (1) with selected explosive spice mixing post-heating to its more than fusing point, and make it keep molten state; (2) the embryo spare with foamed metal immerses in the molten state explosive spice fully, soaks 3-10 hour, is filled in the foam hole of foamed metal to guarantee molten state explosive spice; (3) foamed metal that will be full of the explosive spice takes out, and naturally cooling gets finished product; Described foamed metal raw material is aluminium, nickel, magnesium; Described explosive spice is the mixing medicine of single chmical compound explosive spice or multicharge spice.
3. the preparation method of cladded type porous metal foam binary explosive as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described foamed metal is an open-celled structure, porosity is 30% ~ 95%, through-hole rate is greater than 50%, and mean pore size is greater than 0.5mm, and density is 0.1 ~ 0.7 times with the volume metal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100986962A CN102249829B (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Coated porous metal foam composite explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100986962A CN102249829B (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2011-04-20 | Coated porous metal foam composite explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102249829B CN102249829B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102659491A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-09-12 | 南京理工大学 | Novel energetic base material prepared from porous material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105016935A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-11-04 | 香港城市大学 | Structure of energetic materials and the method for preparing thereof |
| CN106748589A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114804983A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-29 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of novel framework type energetic material |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1359011A (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2002-07-17 | 北京克浪石油技术有限公司 | High-resolution three-dimension three-component earthquake focus prospecting cannonball and making method thereof |
| US6641683B1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-11-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Plasticized, wax-based binder system for melt castable explosives |
| CN101544525A (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Energetic film composite type gunpowder and explosive, and preparation method thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-04-20 CN CN2011100986962A patent/CN102249829B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1359011A (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2002-07-17 | 北京克浪石油技术有限公司 | High-resolution three-dimension three-component earthquake focus prospecting cannonball and making method thereof |
| US6641683B1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-11-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Plasticized, wax-based binder system for melt castable explosives |
| CN101544525A (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2009-09-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Energetic film composite type gunpowder and explosive, and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102659491A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-09-12 | 南京理工大学 | Novel energetic base material prepared from porous material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105016935A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-11-04 | 香港城市大学 | Structure of energetic materials and the method for preparing thereof |
| CN105016935B (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2019-07-26 | 香港城市大学 | Structure of energetic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106748589A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106748589B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-07-03 | 安徽理工大学 | Emulsion Compound sensitizer containing energy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114804983A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-29 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of novel framework type energetic material |
| CN114804983B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-08-11 | 中北大学 | Preparation method of skeleton type energetic material |
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| CN102249829B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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