CN102249185A - 将从费托反应器除去的含ft蜡的铁催化剂再循环的方法 - Google Patents
将从费托反应器除去的含ft蜡的铁催化剂再循环的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种利用从费托反应器排出的废产物流的方法,废产物主要由废催化剂和FT蜡组成。所述方法的特征在于,将从FT反应器排出的特别含有铁催化剂和FT蜡的废物流输送回BtL过程的气化装置。
Description
本发明涉及利用从费托反应器排出的废产物流的根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法,废产物主要由废催化剂和FT蜡组成。本发明还涉及根据权利要求7的应用。
分别在灰熔点以下或以上操作的低温和高温技术在生物质气化领域中是已知的。
低温气化典型地在最高1000℃的温度下操作并且以固定床反应器(小于20MW的额定功率)或流化床反应器(20MW以上的额定功率)实施。燃料通常作为固体块、粉碎颗粒被进料到这些反应器。高温气化炉在燃料灰分的熔点以上、典型地在约1400℃操作,并且实施经常需要粉碎成细颗粒尺寸的燃料以使用作气化炉装置的燃烧器燃烧的过程。这种实施方案特征在于,用在低温气化炉中燃烧复杂的液态和气态原料也能使燃烧器较容易地燃烧。
缩写为FT法的费托法在本领域中也是公知的,该方法基于催化化学反应,其中只含一氧化碳和氢气的合成气被转化为室温下通常是蜡状化合物的各种石蜡烃。典型地,使用铁和钴催化剂。该方法的主要目的是生产用作合成燃料或润滑剂的合成油化合物。
费托反应器具有两个基本构造:多管式固定床反应器和浆料相反应器。在管式反应器中,催化剂被置于长管中,由此合成气沿着它们流动同时与催化剂反应。更换和活化这种反应器中的催化剂需要相当长的停工期,并且通常具有重联反应器的反应器系统。在另一构造中,反应器填充有极细的催化剂粉末并且合成气通过该浆料物质,其中它与催化剂反应形成烃链。此处催化剂通常包含铝载体(substrate),活性成分即铁和钴催化剂沉积在其上。与管式反应器中管的停工型更换相比,该配置允许新鲜催化剂的容易补给,因为新鲜催化剂可以被简单地进料到反应器中。后一方法特征在于必需将精制的蜡状终产物与催化剂分离。而且,引入新鲜催化剂的同时必需连续从工艺除去废的、耗尽的催化剂。此处,术语“耗尽的催化剂”指活性被耗尽的废催化剂。
除了上面讨论的因素之外,催化剂的活性和寿命可变化很大。钴催化剂较昂贵但消耗得非常慢并且能保持其活性,因此仅需要添加极少量。相反,铁催化剂更有成本效益但活性较低。因此,在分离蜡期间必需从反应器将它连续除去。由此,所述方法的结果是室温下呈蜡样且含以极细铁粉级分的形式的10-50%、典型地约20%催化剂材料的烃类产物。另一方面,该废产物流有利地含高热值的蜡样烃链化合物。
铁催化剂使用中的一个特别的问题来自于过程中产生的大量耗尽的铁催化剂。废催化剂还带走从FT反应器排出的终产物能量含量的约2%。这减少了生物质转化为FT蜡进而转化为液态燃料。而且,废物级分需要储存、运输和在专门工厂中处理,这种处理通常是不可行的。如果蜡冷却下来,则它变成类似于硬脂蜡的产物。因此,由于产物的蜡样特征,在整个运输链中必需使它保持在120℃以上的温度。在实践中,这需要至少一种用于运输的专列,或更可能海运。除去这种废产物的最后一个办法是把它带到例如特殊废物的填埋场或者危险废物焚烧厂销毁它。
还必需注意含铁的生物蜡当与生物燃料结合时降低了灰熔融温度。因此,它与在灰熔融温度附近操作的燃烧或气化设备不相容。尽管其能量含量很高,但由于所述对改变铁催化剂灰的行为的妨碍,生物蜡是极难利用的能源。
现在本发明提供一种能克服所有上述问题的方法。本发明方法的一个重要特征是利用废的铁催化剂且同时改善整个过程的效率。本发明的这些重要特征在方法的实施及其利用方面是决定性的。更具体地,本发明特征在于所附权利要求中所陈述的。
根据设备制造厂出版的说明书的规定在分离阶段除去来自FT反应器的耗尽的催化剂,从而所述级分分别含10-50%、典型地约20%废催化剂材料和50-90%、典型地约80%FT蜡,即在室温下形成固体产物的烃链。当离开反应器时,催化剂废物流是约200℃的温度,由此是液态形式。蜡保持液态形式,即热的并被带到在本发明中是高温/气流床气化炉或其进一步发展的加压氧气化过程的生物质液化制油(BtL)过程的气化炉装置。本方法的一个重要特征是将操作温度提高到灰熔融温度以上。
根据本发明,液态生物蜡的进料与高温气化炉的燃烧器装置结合在一起,由此铁催化剂和生物蜡级分可以在高温下被气化为粗合成气。
铁催化剂以该气化炉类型的特征的方式与其它灰成分一起熔融。灰熔体在气化炉的底部用水冷却,由此形成不溶性玻璃化的灰相。可以只将玻璃化的灰带到常规填埋场,或者更可能在土地/道路建设项目中被利用。
已进行的实验说明铁催化剂没有显著改变生物质高温气化中的灰熔融温度。而且,根据本领域的其它信息,铁催化剂将与其它生物质灰类似地起作用,从而以向下流动的熔融相的方式保护气化炉内壁。本发明的一个重要特征是,将废催化剂再循环回气化炉的本发明的布置将产生终产物的整个过程的总效率改善了约2%。
以下,借助于优选实施方案通过参照附图1更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1显示实施所述方法的实施方案的过程图。
图1显示了适合于实施本发明方法的过程概括图。如现有技术所知的,在预备用作FT反应器中的合成气之前,粗合成气的生产需要多个工艺阶段。为了更清楚地描述本发明,从过程图中省略了中间阶段。
当如说明本方法的图1所示应用所述工艺时,本发明的一个特别的特征是当方法被应用于使用含铁催化剂的浆料型FT反应器时,被视为废物流的废催化剂流和FT蜡从FT反应器被输送到缓冲容器,在此处其温度维持足够高以使其保持液态形式。原则上,可以采用与处理重质燃油所应用的类似的技术完成加热。
废液流被直接泵入到BtL过程的高温气化炉的燃烧器中。在燃烧器中构造了一个用于引入这种液态生物燃料成分的进料喷枪。在气化炉燃烧器中,废物流中的烃成分在加压气化反应器中在氧气存在下被气化。在该过程中,烃被完全气化,从而形成FT过程的原料,即通常被称为粗合成气的一氧化碳与氢气的混合物。除了这些之外,所述过程还产生借助位于系统下游的设备使其从气流中分离出的二氧化碳。
最后,铁催化剂在高温气化过程中与从被气化的其它生物质的燃烧得到的灰一起熔融。熔融的灰作为液态物质沿着气化炉反应器的内壁流动,这在气化技术中是必需的和特有的。铁催化剂的熔融级分在气化炉反应器的底部用水冷却并与其它灰成分一起以玻璃化物质的形式从反应器被除去。这种物质可作为例如筑路材料被进一步利用。
根据上面描述,显而易见的是本发明提供了重要的益处,由此本发明的显著特征是含FT蜡并且从BtL过程的气化阶段中的FT反应器除去的废铁催化剂的利用。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,本发明不受上述示例性实施方案限制,而是可在所附权利要求的本发明精神和范围内变化。
Claims (11)
1.利用从费托反应器排出的废物流的方法,废产物主要由废催化剂和FT蜡组成,其特征在于,在所述方法中,将从FT反应器排出的特别含有铁催化剂和FT蜡的废物流输送回BtL过程的气化装置。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在所述方法中,将从FT反应器排出的含铁催化剂和FT蜡的废物流直接泵回到BtL过程的高温气化炉燃烧器,由此根据所述方法的废催化剂再循环回气化炉将产生终产物的整个过程的总效率改善了约2%。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在所述方法中,使废物流保持液态形式,从而废物流级分分别含10-50%、典型地约20%废催化剂材料和50-90%、典型地约80%FT蜡,并且将废物流泵入到其中构造有用于将液态生物废物成分进料到工艺中的进料喷枪的气化炉燃烧器。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其特征在于,在所述方法中,将具有FT蜡的含铁催化剂流泵入到其是高温/气流床气化炉或其进一步发展的加压氧气化过程的气化装置,由此根据所述方法将工艺温度升高到灰熔融温度以上。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的方法,其特征在于,在所述方法中,将废催化剂和FT蜡流作为热废物流从使用含铁催化剂的浆料型FT反应器输送到缓冲容器,其中使其温度保持足够高,优选高于120℃,从而使流动的物质保持液态形式。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其特征在于,在所述方法中,在气化炉燃烧器处废物流中的烃成分在加压气化反应器中在氧气存在下被气化,由此形成一氧化碳和氢气,铁催化剂与从其它被气化生物质的燃烧产生的灰一起以熔融灰作为流动的物质沿着气化炉反应器的内壁流动的方式在高温气化过程中熔融,并且铁催化剂的熔融级分在气化炉反应器的底部用水冷却并且与其它灰成分一起以玻璃化物质的形式从反应器被除去。
7.从FT反应器被排出的FT蜡、特别是含铁催化剂的FT蜡在BtL过程的气化阶段中的用途。
8.生物质灰尘根据权利要求7的用途,以将从FT反应器排出的铁催化剂和FT蜡废物流导入到BtL过程的高温气化炉燃烧器,由此根据所述方法的废催化剂再循环回气化炉将产生终产物的整个过程的总效率改善了约2%。
9.权利要求7和8的用途,以使废物流保持液态形式,从而废物流级分分别含10-50%、典型地约20%废催化剂材料和50-90%、典型地约80%FT蜡,并且将废物流泵入到其中构造有用于将液态生物废物成分进料到工艺中的进料喷枪的气化炉燃烧器。
10.权利要求7-9中任一项的用途,以将具有FT蜡的铁催化剂流泵入到其是高温/气流床气化炉或其进一步发展的加压氧气化过程的气化装置,由此所述方法特征在于将工艺温度升高到灰熔融温度以上。
11.权利要求7-10中任一项的用途,以将废催化剂和FT蜡流作为热废物流从使用含铁催化剂的浆料型FT反应器输送到缓冲容器,其中使其温度保持足够高以使流动的物质保持液态形式。
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CN111647440A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-11 | 宁夏大学 | 一种费托合成废催化剂的资源化利用方法 |
CN112812866A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-18 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | 水煤浆及其制备方法和合成气的制备方法 |
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US2661338A (en) * | 1948-12-13 | 1953-12-01 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Regeneration of a fischer-tropsch reduced iron catalyst |
EP1927641A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-06-04 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Process for the regeneration of a Fischer Tropsch catalyst |
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US5827903A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1998-10-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Separation of catalyst from Fischer-Tropsch slurry |
US8614158B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-12-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fischer-trospch and oxygenate synthesis catalyst activation/regeneration in a micro scale process |
WO2010090863A2 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-08-12 | Rentech, Inc. | System and method for dual fluidized bed gasification |
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US2661338A (en) * | 1948-12-13 | 1953-12-01 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Regeneration of a fischer-tropsch reduced iron catalyst |
EP1927641A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-06-04 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Process for the regeneration of a Fischer Tropsch catalyst |
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CN111647440A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-11 | 宁夏大学 | 一种费托合成废催化剂的资源化利用方法 |
CN112812866A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-18 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | 水煤浆及其制备方法和合成气的制备方法 |
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