CN102248991A - Quick upward floating danger-removal pressurization simulation experiment device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Quick upward floating danger-removal pressurization simulation experiment device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010011951 Decompression Sickness Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering, and in particular relates to a quick upward floating danger-removal pressurization simulation experiment device and a control method thereof. The device is formed by connecting a high-pressure gas cylinder, a pressurization tank and a compression tank through pipelines, wherein the high-pressure gas cylinder is connected with the pressurization tank through a pipeline; the side face of the pressurization tank is connected with a water inlet pipe; a water inlet valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe; the water inlet pipe is connected between the pressurization tank and the compression tank; a water inlet pipe control valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe; parts such as a pressure sensor and the like are arranged above the compression tank; a water drainage valve is arranged below the compression tank; and the ratio of the diameter of the water inlet pipe to the diameter of the compression tank is equal to the ratio of corresponding parameters of an actual model. The opening degree of the water inlet pipe control valve is adjusted to obtain the control method which meets the requirement of safety, so that the pressurization process of a quick pressurization device can be safely, quickly and accurately realized in a laboratory, and the device and the method provide an important basis for the improvement on quick upward floating danger-removal pressurization devices in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering, and particularly relates to a rapid floating danger-escaping pressurization simulation experiment device and a control method thereof.
Background
The rapid floating escape is a main mode of the floating of the water after the modern deep diving, and the main principle is as follows: when the diver is ready to go out of water and float up under the large-depth water, the diver enters the rapid pressurizing chamber, and the air pressure in the rapid pressurizing chamber is one atmospheric pressure. The bottom of the pressurizing cabin is provided with an inlet pipe communicated with the outside seawater, when the rapid pressurization starts, a valve of the inlet pipe is opened, the outside seawater pressure is larger than that in the cylinder, the seawater can flow into the pressurizing cabin through the inlet pipe, the original air in the cabin is compressed, and the pressurizing process stops when the pressure of the air in the cabin is balanced with the pressure of the outside seawater. And after a certain period of pressure stabilization, the upper cover of the pressurizing cabin is opened, and the diver freely floats to the water surface from the pressurizing cabin. The whole pressurization process time is very short, and the time that the diver exposes to high pressure is also very short, and the free floating process is the process of a quick decompression again, so can not form long-time high pressure and expose, also can not lead to the emergence of decompression sickness to provide the guarantee for diver's life safety.
The key of the rapid pressurization method for yielding water floating is that a pressure change curve is close to an index change curve meeting the requirements of a human body, particularly, the pressurization balance time is close to the pressurization balance time of an ideal index curve, otherwise, if the pressurization time is too long, the nitrogen tension accumulated in the diver body exceeds a safety volume range, so that decompression sickness occurs, and if the pressurization time is too short, the pressure regulating speed of the diver cannot follow the pressure increasing speed, so that symptoms such as rupture of eardrums of the diver and the like are caused. Therefore, the pressurizing time is controlled to be close to the exponential pressurizing curve to be the best fit for the human body.
The exponential forcing curve equation is: p is 2t/b(h)
Wherein P is pressure, ATA;
b (h) is the pressing time period, which varies with different pressing depths: b (h) at 50m, 80m, 100m, 150m and 185m is b (50), b (80), b (100), b (150) and b (185) respectively 20, 12, 10, 6 and 4.
The fast pressurization and equilibrium time of 50 meters, 80 meters, 100 meters, 150 meters and 185 meters under the ideal state is respectively 51.7s, 38s, 34.6s, 24s and 17.1 s.
The great britain is one of the most developed countries which apply the rapid floating and escaping technology in the deep diving at present, and the rapid pressurizing and floating experiment of the large depth is successfully completed at sea. The rapid pressurizing cabin used by the users is a cylindrical barrel with the diameter of 1m and the height of about 2m, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe is 180mm, and the water inlet valve is a stop valve which is manually opened.
The rapid floating danger-escaping technology in China is still in the initial stage, and the pressurization control is also different from that in foreign countries. The pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe of the domestic rapid pressurizing device is smaller than that of the British, and the water inlet valve is a seawater flow adjusting ball valve with the opening change controlled by a computer program. Due to the small pipe diameter, if the opening control of the ball valve is not proper, the rapid pressurization process cannot be completed within a set time, and the personnel safety is threatened. Just considering the safety problem of personnel, the rapid pressurization and floating in China only carries out the experiment of a small depth on the sea, and does not carry out the experiment of a large depth. The diameter of the foreign water inlet pipe is larger than that of the foreign water inlet pipe, and the water inlet valve can be completely balanced in pressurization within the specified time by using the manually opened stop valve. Therefore, the safety of the foreign rapid pressurizing device is verified by a real manned experiment and is safe and reliable.
The invention utilizes the fluid mechanics principle and the similar principle to realize the whole process of rapid pressurization in a laboratory through various seawater depths simulated by high-pressure air, and provides a powerful basis for the safety verification of the rapid pressurization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a safe and accurate rapid floating danger-escaping pressurization simulation experiment device and a control method thereof.
The structure of the rapid floating escape pressurization simulation experiment device designed by the invention is shown in figure 2. It is composed of a high-pressure gas cylinder 1, a pressurizing tank 5 and a compressing tank 9 which are connected by pipelines; wherein, the high-pressure gas bottle 1 is connected with a pressure tank 5 through a pipeline, and a pressure reducer 2 and a pressure gauge 3 are arranged on the connecting pipeline; the side surface of the pressure tank 5 is connected with a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet valve 4 is arranged on the water inlet pipe; the upper part of the pressure tank 5 is respectively provided with a safety valve 6, an exhaust valve 7 and a pressure gauge 8; a water inlet pipe 16 is connected between the pressure tank 5 and the compression tank 9, and a water inlet regulating valve 15 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 16; a pressure gauge 10, a pressure sensor joint 11, a pressure sensor 12 and an exhaust valve 13 are arranged above the compression tank 9, and a drain valve 14 is arranged above the compression tank 9; here, the ratio of the diameter of the water inlet pipe 16 to the diameter of the compression tank 9 is 0.18, which is equal to the ratio of the corresponding parameters of the actual model. When the rapid pressurization process is started, the water inlet adjusting valve 15 is opened to 30 degrees (30 degrees is an optimal value, and the calculated range of 27 degrees to 33 degrees meets the requirement), so that the balance time of the pressurization process can meet the safety requirement of a human body.
1. The laboratory parameters are scaled down according to:
the rapid pressurization process is a process of utilizing the pressure difference between seawater and air at two ends of a pipeline to make high-pressure seawater flow into a normal-pressure pressurization cylinder, compressing air in the pressurization cylinder and finally balancing the pressure in the cylinder.
In fig. 1, p0 is sea surface atmospheric pressure (1Atm), water depth H is 180m, pressurizing cylinder height L is 2m, diameter is 1m, cross-sectional areas of pressurizing cylinder and pipeline are marked as a and B, gas height in gas storage tank is H (t), gas pressure in gas storage tank is p (t), and seawater density ρ is1＝1000kg/m3To storeThe Valve at the inlet of the tank is Valve.
Assuming that t is 0 when the valves are fully opened, the gas in the gas tank satisfies the following condition: pressure p (t) ═ p0Density ρ (t) ═ ρ0Height h (t) ═ h0。
The following can be obtained according to the standard Bernoull i equation:
since H is much larger than L, the approximation is:
and according to the principle of conservation of mass:
finally, the gas in the tank is supposed to satisfy the isothermal process, namely:
according to the formulae (2), (3) and (4):
wherein <math>
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(6) The equation is integrated to obtain:
wherein,
the combined writing of equations (9) and (10) is in dimensionless form:
wherein,
all are dimensionless quantities. For the experimental device, p ', H ' and t ' are experimental parameters, so long as λ is the same as the original model.
From the above derivation: if a rapid pressurization system consisting of a pressurization cylinder with the diameter of 1m and a water inlet pipeline with the diameter of 180mm is used for realizing the pressurization process again by using an experimental device, the ratio of the diameter of the pipeline to the diameter of the pressurization cylinder is ensured to be the same as that of the original model. The ratio of the diameter of the water inlet pipe to the diameter of the pressurizing cylinder of the foreign rapid pressurizing device is 180/1000. Therefore, in the embodiment, the diameter of the water inlet pipe in the experimental device is selected to be 27mm, the diameter of the compression tank is 150nm, and the ratio of the two is the same as that of the original model.
2. The use and control method of the rapid floating danger-escaping pressurization simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
in the large pressure tank 5 in fig. 2, a certain amount of seawater is injected first, and then compressed air with a certain pressure is injected through the high-pressure gas cylinder 1, so that the pressure of seawater at a certain depth can be simulated. The compression tank 9 functions to simulate a rapid ballast. The compression tank 9 is free of water and has an atmospheric pressure equal to the atmospheric pressure of the outside. The pressurizing tank 5 is connected with the compressing tank 9 through a water inlet pipe 16 with the inner diameter of 26mm, and a water inlet adjusting valve (ball valve) 15 is arranged on a pipeline. The top of the compression tank 9 is connected with a pressure sensor 12, and the change of the gas pressure in the tank can be recorded in real time through a computer. When the experiment begins, open into water governing valve, because there is very big pressure differential between pressurized canister 5 and the compression jar 9, the water in pressurized canister 5 just can flow into the compression jar 9 fast because of the pressure effect down, and the air volume in the compression jar 9 diminishes, and pressure increases gradually, and the pressure is the same in compressed jar 9 and pressurized canister 5, and the fast pressurization finishes. At this point, the pressure sensor 12 attached to the top of the compression tank 9 has recorded the pressure profile over time for the entire pressurization process on a computer.
Because the ball valve on the water inlet pipe has various different openness, the water inflow can be controlled by controlling the openness of the ball valve, and the pressurizing balance time is controlled. In order to enable the pressurizing balance time to be closer to the balance time of the ideal state index pressurizing curve, the pressurizing curve under which opening degree better meets the requirement of a human body can be determined by adjusting different opening degrees of the ball valve, and therefore a rapid pressurizing control mode with higher safety is found. The experimental results prove that the pressure change curve and the pressurization balance time when the opening of the valve is 30 degrees best meet the requirements of human bodies, and 30 degrees is an optimal value and meets the requirements in the range of 27-33 degrees through calculation.
The pressure change curve recorded by the experimental device is the same as the pressurization curve of a foreign rapid pressurization device with the same depth, because the ratio of the diameters of the two water inlet pipes to the diameter of the pressurization cylinder is the same. Therefore, the invention can realize the pressurizing process and the control method of the rapid pressurizing device safely, rapidly and accurately in a laboratory, and provides important basis for the improvement of the rapid pressurizing device in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a rapid pressurization model.
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a rapid pressurization simulation experiment apparatus.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 is the high-pressure gas cylinder, 2 is the pressure reducer, 3 is the manometer, 4 is the inlet valve, 5 is the pressure jar, 6 is the relief valve, 7 is discharge valve, 8 is the manometer, 9 is the compression jar, 10 is the manometer, 11 is the pressure sensor joint, 12 is pressure sensor, 13 is discharge valve, 14 is the drain valve, 15 is the governing valve of intaking, 16 is the inlet tube.
Fig. 3 to 6 are pressure change curves at each ball valve opening at a water depth of 50 m. Fig. 3 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 90 °, fig. 4 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 70 °, fig. 5 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 50 °, and fig. 6 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 30 °.
Fig. 7-10 are pressure change curves at each ball valve opening at a water depth of 80 m. Fig. 7 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 90 °, fig. 8 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 70 °, fig. 9 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 50 °, and fig. 10 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 30 °.
Fig. 11 to 14 are pressure change curves at respective ball valve openings at a water depth of 100 m. Fig. 11 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 90 °, fig. 12 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 70 °, fig. 13 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 50 °, and fig. 14 shows the pressurization results when the opening degree is 30 °.
Fig. 15 to 18 are pressure change curves at respective ball valve openings when the water depth is 150 m. Fig. 15 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 90 °, fig. 16 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 70 °, fig. 17 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 50 °, and fig. 18 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 70 °.
Fig. 19 to 22 are pressure change curves at respective ball valve opening degrees when the water depth is 150 m. Fig. 19 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 90 °, fig. 20 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 70 °, fig. 21 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 50 °, and fig. 22 shows the result of pressurization when the opening degree is 30 °.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 2 is a model diagram of a rapid ascent escaping danger pressurization simulation experiment device, which is formed by connecting a high-pressure gas cylinder 1, a pressurization tank 5 and a compression tank 9 through pipelines; wherein, the high-pressure gas bottle 1 is connected with a pressure tank 5 through a pipeline, and a pressure reducer 2 and a pressure gauge 3 are arranged on the connecting pipeline; the side surface of the pressure tank 5 is connected with a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet valve 4 is arranged on the water inlet pipe; the upper part of the pressure tank 5 is respectively provided with a safety valve 6, an exhaust valve 7 and a pressure gauge 8; a water inlet pipe 16 is connected between the pressure tank 5 and the compression tank 9, and a water inlet regulating valve 15 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 16; a pressure gauge 10, a pressure sensor 12 and an exhaust valve 13 are arranged above the compression tank 9, and a drain valve 14 is arranged above the compression tank 9; here, the ratio of the diameter of the water inlet pipe 16 to the diameter of the compression tank 9 is 0.18; the opening degree of the water inlet pipe control valve (15) is controlled to be 30 degrees during rapid pressurization (30 degrees is an optimal value and meets the requirement after being calculated within the range of 27 degrees to 33 degrees).
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Examples
1. The main component parameters are as follows:
the pressure tank 5 is a pressure vessel with a cylindrical middle part and circular arc-shaped two ends, the volume is 1500L, and the safe pressure is 3.0 Mpa. The compression tank 9 is refitted by a 12L light diving gas cylinder, and the safe pressure is 3.0 Mpa. The range of the pressure gauge is 5.0Mpa, the maximum working pressure of the pressure sensor is 3.0Mpa, and the safety valve takes off at 2.5 Mpa. The maximum working pressure of the water inlet valve is 3.0Mpa, and the compressed air of 10Mpa can be supplied to the high-pressure air bottle at most.
2. The experimental process comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, seawater pressure at a certain depth can be simulated by injecting seawater into the pressure tank 5, the amount of water exceeds 4/5 of the volume of the pressure tank, and then injecting compressed air with a certain pressure through the high-pressure gas cylinder 1. The compression tank 9 functions to simulate a rapid ballast. The compression tank 9 is free of water and has an atmospheric pressure which is the same as the atmospheric pressure of the outside. The pressurizing tank 9 is connected with the compressing tank 5 through a pipeline with the inner diameter of 26mm, four 90-degree elbows are arranged on the pipeline, and a regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline. The top of the compression tank 9 is connected with a pressure sensor 12, and the change of the gas pressure in the tank can be recorded in real time through a computer. When the experiment begins, open certain aperture with the ball valve on the inlet tube (open 90 °, 70 °, 50 °, 30 ° respectively in this experimentation), because there is very big pressure differential between pressurized canister and the compression jar, the water in the pressurized canister just can flow into the compression jar fast because under the pressure effect, and the air volume in the compression jar diminishes, and pressure increases gradually, and until the air pressure is the same in compression jar and the pressurized canister, the quick pressurization finishes. At this point, the pressure sensor attached to the top of the compression tank has recorded the pressure profile over time for the entire pressurization process onto a computer.
3. The experimental results are as follows:
the device controls the pressurizing balance time at different depths by adjusting the opening of the valve, and can obtain pressure change curves when the water depth of the adjusting valve is respectively 50m, 80m, 100m, 150m and 185m at 90 degrees, 70 degrees, 50 degrees and 30 degrees through experiments.
The pressurizing curve of the valve opening degree of 90 degrees, 70 degrees, 50 degrees and 30 degrees when the water depth is 50 m:
the results of pressurization at an opening of 90 ° are shown in fig. 3, the results of pressurization at an opening of 70 ° are shown in fig. 4, the results of pressurization at an opening of 50 ° are shown in fig. 5, and the results of pressurization at an opening of 30 ° are shown in fig. 6.
The pressurizing curve of the valve opening degree of 90 degrees, 70 degrees, 50 degrees and 30 degrees when the water depth is 80 m:
the results of pressurization at an opening of 90 ° are shown in fig. 7, the results of pressurization at an opening of 70 ° are shown in fig. 8, the results of pressurization at an opening of 50 ° are shown in fig. 9, and the results of pressurization at an opening of 30 ° are shown in fig. 10.
The pressurizing curve of the valve opening degree of 90 degrees, 70 degrees, 50 degrees and 30 degrees when the water depth is 100 m:
the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 90 ° are shown in fig. 11, the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 70 ° are shown in fig. 12, the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 50 ° are shown in fig. 13, and the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 30 ° are shown in fig. 14.
When the water depth is 150m, the valve opening is a pressurization curve of 90 degrees, 70 degrees, 50 degrees and 30 degrees:
the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 90 ° are shown in fig. 15, the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 70 ° are shown in fig. 16, the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 50 ° are shown in fig. 17, and the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 30 ° are shown in fig. 18.
185m water depth, the valve opening is a pressurization curve of 90 °, 70 °, 50 °, 30 °:
the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 90 ° are shown in fig. 19, the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 70 ° are shown in fig. 20, the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 50 ° are shown in fig. 21, and the results of pressurization with an opening degree of 30 ° are shown in fig. 22.
TABLE 1 pressurization balance time for different valve openings at various depths
| 50m | 80m | 100m | 150m | 185m | |
| 90° | 4.65 | 3.69 | 3.29 | 2.67 | 2.4 |
| 70° | 14 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 8.0 | 7.18 |
| 50° | 36 | 28.6 | 25.6 | 20.7 | 18.6 |
| 30° | 53 | 41.2 | 39 | 26.6 | 22.4 |
Comparing the pressurizing balance time at different depths and different opening degrees of the valve with the ideal exponential pressurizing balance time, the following conclusion can be obtained: the pressure equilibrium time at a valve opening of 30 ° is closest to the ideal pressure equilibrium time for exponential pressurization. And calculating the accumulated nitrogen tension of the pressurization process through the pressurization curve, and comparing the accumulated nitrogen tension with the ideal index pressurization process, wherein the accumulated nitrogen tension of the pressurization is within the safe range which can be borne by the diver when the opening of the valve is within the range of 27-33 degrees, and the accumulated nitrogen tension of the pressurization is not within the safe range which can be borne by the diver when the opening is outside the range of 27-33 degrees. Therefore, controlling the valve opening to 30 ° (30 ° is the preferred value, and is satisfactory in the range of 27 ° to 33 °) is the best control method for the rapid pressurization process.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid floating danger-escaping pressurization simulation experiment device is characterized by being formed by connecting a high-pressure gas cylinder (1), a pressurization tank (5) and a compression tank (9) through pipelines.
2. The rapid floating up escaping danger pressurization simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the high pressure gas bottle (1) is connected with the pressurization tank (5) through a pipeline, and a pressure reducer (2) and a first pressure gauge (3) are arranged on the connecting pipeline.
3. The rapid floating up escaping danger pressurization simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the pressurization tank (5) is connected with a water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is provided with a water inlet valve (4).
4. The rapid floating escape pressurization simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the upper part of the pressurization tank (5) is respectively provided with a safety valve (6), a first exhaust valve (7) and a second pressure gauge (8).
5. The rapid floating up escaping danger pressurization simulation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that a water inlet pipe (16) is connected between the pressurization tank (5) and the compression tank (9), and a water inlet pipe control valve (15) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (16).
6. The inlet pipe (16) according to claim 5, characterized in that there are 4 90 ° quarter turns in the pipe.
7. The inlet pipe (16) according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the inlet pipe (16) to the diameter of the compression tank (9) is 0.18.
8. The inlet pipe control ball valve (15) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the opening range is 0-90 °.
9. The inlet pipe control ball valve (15) according to claim 5, wherein the opening degree is controlled to be 30 ° in order to make the pressurizing curve meet the requirement of human safety during the rapid pressurizing process.
10. The rapid floating escape pressurization simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein a third pressure gauge (10), a pressure sensor (12) and a second exhaust valve (13) are arranged above the compression tank (9), and a drain valve (14) is arranged below the compression tank (9).
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| CN104198202A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Escape suit testing device |
| CN104568480A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-29 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | Pressure simulating and testing device |
| CN108338877A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-31 | 西南医科大学附属医院 | High-pressure oxygen inhalation device |
| CN108388280A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-08-10 | 烟台宏远氧业有限公司 | Lock pressure of escaping danger force balancing system |
| CN114018567A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | 西安长峰机电研究所 | Valve load simulation device with movable valve rod |
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